Presented at the 8 th Canadian Waste Resource Symposium, Halifax, NS Dawne Skinner, MASc., P.Eng. April, 2016

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1 Presented at the 8 th Canadian Waste Resource Symposium, Halifax, NS Dawne Skinner, MASc., P.Eng. April, 2016

2 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 2 A circular economy is one that is restorative and regenerative by design, and which aims to keep products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF)

3 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 3 Cradle to Cradle The Blue Economy Regenerative Design Biomimicry Circular Economy Performance Economy Industrial Ecology Sharing Economy

4 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 4 Of the Circular Economy

5 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 5

6 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 6 Monoculture Vs Diversity Photo: Beiser Environnement, 2012

7 A Crash Course In the Circular Economy 7

8 Photo: Harvard University A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 8

9 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 9 Of the Circular Economy

10 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 10 Two Nutrient Cycles Material Loops The Power of the Inner Loop Powered by Renewables Non-Toxic Materials EMF, 2013

11 Crash Course in the Circular Economy 11 Reuse Clothing Cascade as Substitute for Virgin Materials Extract Valuable Biochemicals Compost/ Anaerobic Digestion Return to the Biosphere

12 Crash Course in the Circular Economy 12 Maintain Reuse Remanufacture Recycle EMF and World Economic Forum, 2013

13 EMF, 2013 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 13

14 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 14 Photo: EPA, 2015 Photo: Virginia F. Bodmer-Altura, 2016 Photo: Al Jazerra, 2104

15 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 15 Increased demand for commodities due to a growing global population and expendable income Exhaustion of easy to access oil and metal reserves has increased the cost of extraction Global marketplace is vulnerable to political dynamics and economic shocks from around the world Source: EMF, 2013

16 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 16 Economic growth is coupled with consumption Fossil fuel, food and commodity prices are coupled Environmental buffering capacity is diminishing Source: Financial Times

17 China and India have doubled their per-capita GDP in years. It took the UK 154 years to do the same. An estimated 3 billion new middle-class consumers are expected to appear by 2030 from emerging economies. Infrastructure needs and other material goods demanded by this new mass of people will have a significant impact on resource demand and the environment. Source:Syngenta, 2015 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 17

18 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 18 Of the Circular Economy

19 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 19 Removing toxic materials from the materials stream Design for easy disassembly Avoid material hybrids that cannot easily be separated or reused/recycled Standardized designs for component parts Modularization Reduce product obsolescence

20 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 20 Switching to performance based payments models Access versus ownership Source: McKinsey, XXXX

21 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 21 Tracking the condition and location of products past the Point of Sale Collection strategies Condition assessments and remanufacturing Warehousing Selling remanufactured products

22 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 22 Taxation: Tax what you want less of (waste, pollution), subsidize what you want more of (jobs, clean energy, livable cities, mass transportation) Recognizing negative externalities as a cost Appropriate legislation Technology: RFID s, Wireless technology Internet of Things, Social Media, 3D printing

23 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 23 The Circular Economy has been endorsed and embraced by a number of think tanks, governments and companies over the past 5 years Ontario and British Columbia are actively implementing CE policy and legislation Reinventing all facets of an economy will take time and a collective effort.

24 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 24 EllenMacArthurFoundation.org World Economic Forum National Zero Waste Council Circulareconomynorthamerica.com

25 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 25

26 A Crash Course in the Circular Economy 26 8 th Canadian Waste Resource Symposium, Halifax, NS April 27 29,2016