Aspects of wind energy utilization in inland conditions. Dr. Dusan Kudelas

Transcription

1 Aspects of wind energy utilization in inland conditions Dr. Dusan Kudelas Miskolc

2 Centre objectives scientific and technological project solution, grant solution and research task relating to RES, designing new and develop existing technology to utilization of RES, designing synergetic technology in the area of utilization of RES, consulting for public, cooperation with regional policy makers, supply of RES utilization 2

3 Wind energy utilization Starting wind speed over 3 m/s in hub height, Prevailing wind from one direction, Grid connection, Grid reinforcement, Soil condition. 3

4 Speed up effects Hill effect Tunnel effect 4

5 Park effect 5

6 Wind speed distribution in Kosice 6

7 Hourly wind sped through a year in Kosice

8 Power curve of wind turbine 8

9 Horizontal axis wind turbine Starting wind speed: 3,5 m/s, Efficiency: 44 % Starting wind speed: 2,5 m/s, Efficiency: 25 % 9

10 Vertical axis wind turbine Starting wind speed: 5,0 m/s, Efficiency: 40 % Starting wind speed: 3,5 m/s, Efficiency: 15 % 10

11 Storage 11

12 Wind and compressed air energy 1 filter, 2 compressor, 3 pressure vessel, 4 manometer, 5 safety valve, 6 blow valve, 7 cooler dryer, 8 microfilter with a condensate venting, 9 regulating outlet, 10 pneumatic motor, 11 asynchronous motor 12

13 Accumulated and generation part 13

14 CAES-plant integrated in wind farm 14

15 CompressedAir Energy Storage uses hollowedout salt caves or other underground cavities as a reservoir into which air is compressed to approximately 7 MPa during times of excess generation, When energy output is required, the highpressure air is expanded along with methane in a combustion turbine, producing electricity, CAES turbines use only about 40% of the fuel used in conventional gas turbines running on a steadyflow Brayton cycle, because CAES turbines are not required to expend work to compress the incoming air, The compression efficiency of CAES plants is around 75%, The lifetimes of CAES systems are comparable to pumpedhydro at over 10,000 cycles at 80% depth of 15 discharge.

16 Pneumatic hydro storage 1 filter, 2 compressor, 3 pressure vessel, 4 manometer, 5 safety valve, 6 blow valve, 7,8 water storage, 9 water turbine, 10 asynchronous motor, 11,12 vacuum valve, 13,14 throttle 16

17 Pumped hydro are the most widely used largescale energy storage facilities in the world today make use of two reservoirs separated vertically; in times of low demand, surplus energy is used to pump water from the lower to the upper reservoir. turnaround efficiency of 7085%, discharge times depending on the volume of the reservoir, ranging from hours, though the majority are in the range of 20 hours. most of the best sites for pumped hydro have already been developed, but it is possible to use abandoned mines or caverns or even the ocean as the lower 17 reservoir in possible future facilities.

18 Roughness of terrain 18

19 Possibilities of application Off Shore conception in inland condition Increasing of producing and utilization of electrical energy from RES Utilization of wind profile change over terrain with low roughness Almost without utilization of soil 19

20 Utilization of wind energy with hydro accumulation Possibility of synergic utilization of wind and water power plant with utilization of regulation function of small hydro power plant Wind equipment can cause increase of accumulation and regulation capacity of hydro energy basin 20

21 Flow Batteries regenerative fuel cells, storing energy in a liquid electrolyte solution (such as polysulfide bromide or vanadium pentoxide), which is charged or discharged by cycling it through a battery stack in a closed cycle. Flow batteries have high efficiencies reportedly in excess of 75% but low energy densities, comparable to leadacid batteries. they require very large tanks of electrolyte. Some demonstration flow battery plants are already operating: a 15 MW, 120 MWh Regenysys polysulfide bromide plant in the UK and a few 500 kw, 5 MWh vanadium redox batteries in Japan 21

22 Hydrogen fuel cell/ electrolyzer combinations a carbonfree electricity system would not only supply direct electrical demand but also use excess generation to electrolyze water into hydrogen, which could then be used to provide a variety of energy services. bulk energy storage using fuelcell/electrolyzer combinations can serve as a bridging technology towards increasing the penetration of hydrogen into the energy system. There is a variety of types of hydrogen fuel cell, with typical energy efficiencies of 4055%. Electrolyzers typically have high efficiencies, up to 80%, although the hydrogen needs to be compressed or liquefied to achieve acceptable storage volumes, lowering the overall energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. 22

23 Energy storage options H2 Electricity Underground Compressed Air ELECTRICITY DEMAND Turbine H2 DEMAND H2 STORAGE FLY WHEELS Flywheels (high power) Batteries (convenience) Compressed Air Turbines (low capital cost) H2O STORAGE BATTERIES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FUEL CELLS Fuel Cells (hydrogen) 23

24 Development of new wind equipment 24

25 Wind energy utilization possibility 25

26 Perception of wind equipments Acoustic emission Influence of birds 26

27 Thank you for your attention

28 Spar bouy Gravity caissson Steel piling Truss Artificial island Pontoon 28

29 29

30 30

31 H2 Grid Peak Shaving ICE/Fuel Cell O 2 Gas H 2 Gas Hydrogen Storage Power Conditioner -Grid Interconnector -Max Power Tracker -AC/DC converter -Power Supply Switch -etc. Control Systems + V - Electrolyzer - Water purification - Regulators -Gas dryer - Shutdown Switch -etc. Local H 2 Use H 2 Trucking H 2 Pipeline Water Supply 31

32 500 MW $1000/kW η ~ 40% 4500kg (150 MWh) $100/kWh η ~ 99% Hydrogen Buffer Storage 200 MW 350 bar 6 MW $1000/kW η ~80% Plateau-Syracuse: 30 miles Hydrogen pipeline 10 Diameter, 25 bar $1MM /mile η ~99% (30 miles) 200 MW $1000/kW η ~75% 4500 kg/hr, 25 bar O 2 Gas 3 gal/kg H 2 H 2 production: 108,000 $3.4/kg Water Consumption 324,000 gal/day H 2 production: 107,000 $3.5/kg 32

33 Possibilities of wind energy utilization veterné zariadenie vodná vírivá brzda čerpadlo vzduch olej voda hydrolýza ásobník tepla zotrvačník zásobník stlačeného vzduchu zásobník vody akumulačné batérie zásobník vodíka spaľovací motor pneumotor motor na stl. olej vodná turbína palivový článok El. generátor vykurovanie mechanické pohony zásobovanie vodou 33