Experts in Technology Innovation. Stephen Crosher.

Transcription

1 Experts in Technology Innovation Stephen Crosher

2 Experts in Technology Innovation RheEnergise: Dramatically lowering the costs of pumped energy storage projects. Lowest Distributed Levelised Cost of Storage.

3 Background What do we think of, when pumped storage is mentioned How pumped hydro works Pumped energy storage in the UK today Pumped Hydro basics Innovation challenges Opportunities for RheEnergise Challenges for traditional pumped hydro Typical Small Project

4 Innovation has occurred, but small incremental steps. Recently use of variable speed drives Pumped storage Largest form of grid energy storage available 98% of all energy storage installations worldwide Over 168 GW of installed capacity Round-trip energy efficiency 70% 80% Best efficiencies at 83%. Hydropower 2017 Generated over 16% worlds total electricity Pumped Storage Providers: Real danger of loosing considerable advantage to other store technologies through lack of innovation. It generates 70% of all renewable electricity China Generates 17% electricity from hydro First Hydro-electric plant built in 1882

5 Why was pumped storage built? Itwas built in tandem with huge expansion of power grids and thermal/ nuclear generation plants. Itwas built because coal, gas & nuclear are excellent at constant supply, while poor at managing consumer demand. Thepower system we see evolving needs to manage both demand & supply variability. Pumpedstorage is the most obvious technology to do this at scale. Pumped Storage provided the solution 50 years ago. Why not today?

6 HEADLINES Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid Nickel Cadmium Battery Energy Storage Market To Reach 250GW by 2030 (2.5GW today) Energy Storage Market To Hit $50bn by 2020 Lithium Air Sodium Sulphur Storage CAGR (Annual Growth Rate) of 20% Flow Batteries Lithium-Ion Lithium-Ion Hybrid Solar/ Wind and Energy Storage to reach $1.5bn by 2024

7 3 Georges, China: 22,500MW, 99TWh Credit: Martin St-Amant - Wikipedia - CC-BY-SA-3.0 Itaipú Dam, TWh

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9 UK Pumped storage 4 Operational Plants. Recognition of need for new storage capacity Youngest and largest Dinorwig >30 years old: 1,728 MW Oldest is Ffestiniog: 55 years old: 360 MW Today, Glyn Rhonwy, A new consented facility: 100MW

10 UK Government View It is unlikely we will see again the scale of development witnessed in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s. Opportunities to use this technology on a large scale are now limited, not only because of environmental concerns but also because many of the most economically attractive sites for schemes have already been used. However, it is important we exploit our remaining small-scale hydro resources in a sustainable way. The pumped storage industry can challenge this assumption. Scale can mean large or multiple smaller projects

11 Why is large scale pumped storage so difficult? Specialist nature of sites required you need a hill/ mountain. Water availability Time to construct from initial idea to operation: Ffestiniog first discussed in 1948 Authorised by Act of Parliament North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1955 Opened in 1963 Hill & mountainous areas are often in areas of beauty & protected Ecological & social issues due to their scale The additional need for power infrastructure pylons etc. Relativelyfew companies have capabilities to build

12 Who had explored density! Site dependent Pumped Hydropower basics Power = Efficiency x Water density x Flow rate x Gravitational acceleration x Head Already excellent 80% + A variable affecting cost Too difficult to alter

13 A New Fluid: Main challenges Fluid Density For example Doubling Density means: Halving Head (vertical Elevation Between Stores) or Halving size of all civil engineering penstocks, turbines etc. New Fluid Specific Gravity of 2.4 Environmental Cost Management of fluid Affect on machinery -Its Benign - Its Affordable - Economically sensible - Understood -Solved - Understood - Detail design

14 Innovating, overturning barriers Specialist sites required ANOB, SSSI,etc Yes, but 70minstead of 170m Many, many more sites available - Initial studies indicate 15,000 in UK Some potential as can be entirely buried Water availability Not a requirement. -Middle east could be a good market Time 5MW 25MW sites - Concept to operation 24 months - Roll-out like solar/ wind projects Infrastructure Existing distribution system Efficiencies Equivalent to traditional pumped storage

15 5 MW Typical Project * Power Energy Timeto full power Life 5 MW 12.5 MWh < 1s > 60 years Elevation between reservoirs 120m (70m min.) Reservoir options Cycling Cost 2 tanks ø40m x 6.5m high 200m x 100m under car park Full depth,up to 4 x day IRO 5m ( 1m/MW installed) Anticipated scale range: On-grid 3MW/ 9MWh to 25MW/ 50MWh and Off-grid 1MW/ 4MWh to 3MW/ 18MWh

16 5 MW Typical Project * Power Energy Timeto full power Life 5 MW 12.5 MWh < 1s > 60 years Elevation between reservoirs 120m (70m min.) Reservoir options Cycling Cost 2 tanks ø40m x 6.5m high 200m x 100m under car park Full depth,up to 4 x day IRO 5m ( 1m/MW installed) Anticipated scale range: On-grid 3MW/ 9MWh to 25MW/ 50MWh and Off-grid 1MW/ 4MWh to 3MW/ 18MWh

17 Opportunity for Pumped Energy Storage Bloomberg New Energy Finance says, by 2050: 1,291 GW of energy storage globally (today 168 GW). A market opportunity of $548bn UK predicted to need 49GW! Pumped storage: Best systems & technology to manage demand peaks. Also best to manage variable supply Is the Hydro Industry going to hand this market to battery manufactures?

18 The Key to Energy Storage Experts in Technology Innovation

19 Experts in Technology Innovation Thank You Stephen Crosher