M I L L I N G I S O N E C O M M O N M O T O R A P P L I C A T I O N

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1 A B Å N G P A N N E F Ö R E N I N G E N T R E E S P A R E A D I N G S TREESPA Equipment 2009 I N T H I S I S S U E : M I L L I N G I S O N E C O M M O N M O T O R A P P L I C A T I O N I N T H I S I S S U E : Lighting has high priority 1 Milling business is a fullyear activity in most parts of Tanzania, although high season is normally from May to December. In Tegeta area outside Dar es Salaam Mr. Kassim Aney started his milling business ten years ago. He bought his engine through Mangola Machinery Tools, which was a Governmental retailer of local and imported machinery offering hire and purchasing schemes. The imported 3-phase motor is still going strong. The main crop here is maize says Kassim. A normal month our income is around Tshs. Electricity bills amount to Tshs depending on season. Kassim is not very aware about energy efficiency in general. However, the idea that a motor could provide him the same shaft power capacity and use less electricity appears very interesting to him. Three-phase motors are generally more common throughout the world today, when regarding power out-put capacities of this range (>3 hp/kwh). Even if there is three phase supply in his area, Mr. Kassim would prefer a single phase motor. If one or two out of three phases are cut off for some reason when you try to start your machine, the motor will not start, while other equipment may be seriously damaged, says Kassim. With single phase equipment, there will be either full supply or no supply at all and your equipment is not put at a risk. Mr. Kassim has heard of the power factor penalty, but is not subject to it. He would certainly consider switching to a TREESPA A customer in Mr. Kasim s mill. Electric Lighting today in Tanzania Technical specifications for lamps 1 2 B E T T E R M O T O R S A R E S O U G H T Artikel 3 Artikel 4 Artikel 5 Artikel 6 Testing existing motors around the country and comparing them to what has been specified in the TREESPA procurement schemes is very important. There are old motors with good performance, and there are new with poor performance. In TREESPA we seek motors, both single phase and three phase that can perform well, are durable, and energy efficient. It is rare to find single phase motors on the market with out put capacity above 5 HP, and their energy efficiency is then normally not the best. Until we find the best available solution, our current TREESPA motor can cut energy costs with around 5 % only compared to most existing motors. It is not negligible, but we need better.

2 TREESPA TECHNICAL LED-lamp soon in the market. The lamp has a nice warm white light. This particular lamp provides 400 lumen output from 7 Watt....we may postpone the surge for generating capacity that we experience in the country. SPECIFICATIONS Lighting is by far the most prevailing load type in newly electrified areas in Tanzania. Therefore, it has been one of three high priority areas for finding energy efficient solutions. In TREESPA, the demands are high on best available technology. A minimum of 70 lumen per Watt and a life length of minimum hours per bulb is required in the technical specifications. This can be compared to modern CFL s available in the market, DIODES ARE LED-technology is still not fully established, but strongly coming. LED Mrs. Sophia Mgonja, TANESCO General Manager for Electricity Distribution LAMPS have been used in a recent initiative to develop an energy service agreement, whereby the Tanzanian Rural Energy Agency (REA) subsidizes energy efficient lighting for new customers. More solutions for market introduction of efficient lighting are wanted, including existing customers. TREESPA requirements A SOLUTION stands for light emitting diodes. A diode has a life time of about 20 times that of a halogen lamp, and it doesn t involve any heavy metals as the CFL s do. Unfortunately, early LED-products have demonstrated poor color rendering and durability. However, the world leading lamp manufacturers have now started to come up with high quality LEDtechnologies for traditio- CONNECTIONS TREESPA plays a good role in implementing TANESCO s demand side management policy and it also helps us getting new customers. With more energy efficient end use equipment,. We may postpone the surge for generating capacity that we experience in the country. TANESCO erect new distribution lines all the time FOR normally scoring around 54 lumen per Watt and hours life time at its best. The number of manufacturers actually fulfilling TREESPA requirements today is scarce. A demonstration bulb has been developed by one manufacturer that reaches 57 lumen per Watt today and claim they will pass the 70 lumen per Watt requirement set by TREESPA within less than a year. BECOMING Worldwide, lighting is one of the most obvious electricity use categories in which energy efficiency measures are possible to realize immediately. Fluorescent tubes in T5design, ceramic halogens and LED-lamps constitute the most interesting options. EARLY Sida 2 READINGS ARE nal applications. A good LED-lamp can stand much tougher contexts than a normal incandescent lamp can. CRUCIAL now in rural areas and for TANESCO s viability it is crucial to attract customers as early as possible. The TREESPA scheme, giving access to equipment for lighting and income generating activities is a very good idea to boost connections. Equipment for single phase supply is useful. TANESCO is supportive of further TREESPA activities but rely also on other organizations for proper outreach to business customers. Teaming up with SIDO and REA has been a good idea.

3 Page S O M A N Y N E E D L A M P S Only 1 % of Tanzania s rural population has access to electricity today. The number of customers waiting for supply is grand, and grid extension is under way. The Government s objective is to increase electricity access in rural areas to 8 percent in 2010 and to 15 percent in TREESPA helps introducing best available end use technologies through collaboration between the major domestic electricity supplier, TANESCO, and the Small Industrial Development Organization, SIDO. The TREESPA-project is financed by EU and the Swedish Energy Agency, and the project coordinator is Swedish ÅF Consult AB. The TREESPA-project, Tanzanian Renewable Energy Efficiency Project to Sustain Poverty Alleviation, focuses on developing the rural wealth-creating sectors in Tanzania. Lighting is by far the most prevailing load type in newly electrified areas. The total The present Tanzanian market is estimated to around 8 million lamps per year. Solutions for market introduction of efficient lighting are important. REA and TANESCO have taken an initiative for distribution grids to be built 2009 and Through this scheme, around TREESPA lamps will be spread to those who connect fast. E N E R G Y E F F I C I E N C Y M A K E S A D I F F E R E N C E House owners pay around Tshs every month for traditional bulbs and its electricity. If they could afford to pay 5 times more for three months, to buy CFLs, they would remain paying less than Tshs for the coming five years. Over 5 years costs are cut half. Lighting is a common load in the Tanzanian national grid. Shifting for energy efficient bulbs on large scale can cut generation with GWh per year 30000, , ,0 0,0 Tshs Time R E T A I L N G E X P E N S I V E L A M P S reach, which is crucial for rural customers to realize benefits from opting for the seemingly dearer alternative. An energy efficient lamp is more expensive to buy than a traditional incandescent lamp, but it is less expensive to use. Yes, you have to pay initially, but after less than one year, the money Making energy efficient lamps available and affordable in rural areas is a challenge. While both TANESCO and REA support the use of energy efficient lamps, they rely on others for retailing the same. Both REA and TANESCO have programmes for information and outsaved in lower electricity bills equals the higher initial cost. And, for the remaining bulb lifetime you are truly cutting costs. Even so, the initial costs can dissuade low income households. the initial costs can dissuade

4 Sida 4 T R E E S P A R E A D I N G S Side 4 N E W H O M E S N E E D M E T A L W O R K S I picked the one I liked best Yudes started his business 15 years ago and had then one welding machine. Today he has seven welding machines and 3 permanent employees. Furthermore, people come to his workshop to use welding machines at cost per hour. He has around 10 occasionally occupied people that helps him with different tasks when times are busy. Yudes Metal fabrication carries out any kind of metal fabrication; construction details, furniture, vehicles and other. The absolutely most common and important product however, is metal grids and gates for protecting windows and doors from unwelcome thieves. His first welding machine was bought from a nearby local manufacturer, just like all the other following welding machines have been. We asked him how he knew what machine to opt for. function is the most important criteria for selecting. I tested a few different machines, compared and picked the one I liked best. Yudes spend around Tshs (67 dollar) on electricity every month, which is equivalent to 660 kwh. He says he knows there are probably more energy efficient options, but they are then more expensive. He has not made any comparisons himself, and he welcomes information and support in this matter. If SIDO could suggest a more efficient welding machine together with an instalment scheme or similar, he would be interested to gradually exchange his welding machines, maybe one every year. Yudes is not aware that TANESCO charges a higher tariff as penalty for customers with low power factor. It has not been high priority for TANESCO to enforce this rule in the lowest tariff category (T1), in which most small and medium sized welding workshops fall. If TANESCO carried out their inspections properly, they would find that many small and medium scale welding businesses (T1 customers) have far too low power factor. A locally manufactured welding machine is likely to not be very energy efficient. Materials are poor, and the iron stained. The design and linding is not good and unnecessary magnetic fields are generated. Insulation is poor. In summary, small and medium sized welding workshops often pay at least 20% more than they would need in electricity every month. E F F I C I E N C Y I S N O N - C O N T R O V E R S A L Mr. Mike Laiser, Director General, SIDO Energy is one of the more important resources for supporting income generating activities and it is getting increasingly expensive and therefore not affordable to many. TREESPA can provide alternative equipment and machinery to be used in rural areas, where 95% of the population lives. With TREESPA, SIDO puts energy efficient equipment on the agenda for the SME-sector. SIDO and TANESCO have different objectives but in the sense of supplying energy efficient end use equipment for rural income bringing activities, strives are mutual. Energy efficiency has now become an additional requirement for high quality equipment and tools for SIDO. The biggest problem is where to start. There is no doubt that more equipment can be considered for example for food processing, leather tanning and many other business areas.

5 , ,0 Tshs , , ,0 0,0 Time Compare monthly costs for using a traditional or a welding machine. The new is cheaper because it uses less energy! D E M O N S T R A T I N G T R E E S P A W E L D I N G M A C H I N E S Bildtext som beskriver bilden. Demonstrations and laboratory testing of the TREESPA welding machine has given very convincing results. The traditional machines, although they are somewhat cheaper, tend to use at least 25 % more energy. Sometimes even 60 % more energy. A new welding machine is more expensive, but it is easy to see how this money can soon be earned back through lower energy bills. In the above diagram, a new welding machine is assumed to be bought using the SIDO hire and purchase scheme, with 22 % interest rate. It is assumed that the new machine will perform well for many years, two times the traditional one. With the lower current, monthly energy bills are cut significantly. The loan for the new machine is for most workshops possible to repay within less than a year.