SUSTAINABILITY OF THE EUROPEAN CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Transcription

1 ATIC's Seminar - "Jornadas da Construção em Cimento 2011" SUSTAINABILITY OF THE EUROPEAN CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT Lisbon 30 March 2011 Dr Jean-Marie CHANDELLE CEMBUREAU Chief Executive

2 THE CEMENT INDUSTRY An energy intensive industry A CO 2 intensive industry A capital intensive industry A low labour intensive industry A heavily regulated industry 2

3 AN ENERGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 60 to 130 kg of fuel oil or equivalent fuelling amount per tonne of cement Plus 110 kwh of electricity per tonne 3

4 A CO 2 INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 5% of worldwide CO 2 emissions 3% of EU CO 2 emissions High intensity per unit of sales (> 9kg CO 2 per ) CO 2 emissions vs. turnover for different industrial sectors (Germany 1999) kg CO 2/Euro ETS: direct & indirect CO 2 cost = 45.5% GVA cement lime refractory bricks ceramics steel NF metals chem. industry paper glass 60% of CO 2 emissions = process emissions 40% of CO 2 emissions = < fuels combustible 4

5 A CAPITAL INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 150M per million tonnes of capacity Three years of turnover before first earned 5

6 LOW LABOUR INTENSITY EU27 CEMBUREAU direct employment in EU minus Cyprus and Slovakia 6

7 A HEAVILY REGULATED INDUSTRY EU ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ( )

8 KEY EU REGULATION APPLICABLE TO THE CEMENT INDUSTRY Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC), now Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, including former Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community revised by Directive 2008/101/EC Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) Council Directive 89/106/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products (CPD) to be replaced by the Construction Products Regulation (to be published in the OJ EU) 8

9 KEY EU REGULATION APPLICABLE TO THE CEMENT INDUSTRY Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (EPRTR) Directive 2004/35/EC on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (ELD) Council Directive 96/82/EC of 9 December 1996 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (SEVESO II) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes A Global legally binding instrument on mercury is in negotiation >90% EU regulation or EU based national rules 9

10 High need for predictability and stability! 10

11 THE EU ROADMAP TO 2050 Cost-efficient pathway to an 80% domestic reduction in % 40% 60% 80% COM(2011) 112 European Commission Communication A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in

12 THE IEA CEMENT ROADMAP TO

13 WHAT CAN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY DELIVER? Process? Product? 13

14 PROCESS: EU ETS BENCHMARKS Grey cement clinker: 766 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker White cement clinker: 987 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker will require a huge effort: 60% process emissions fuel related emissions minus 30% Average emissions : 858 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker (grey cement clinker) Access to biomass critical! 14

15 PROCESS: NO X & SO 2 EMISSIONS 2 nd Cement BREF OJEC C166/5, 25 June 2010 IED 2010/75/EU, formerly IPPC NO x C- total ELV for CO The competent authority may set emission limit values for CO 15

16 PROCESS: MERCURY Mercury INC 2 UNEP Global Legally Binding Instrument to reduce Atmospheric emissions Mercury waste through BAT & BEP + Monitoring & Reporting through sectoral partnership cement specific CEMBUREAU NGO status Cooperation with ECRA (ULg Study) 16

17 PRODUCT: PROGRESS OF NON CEM I CEMENTS = LOW CARBON FOOTPRINT Reduction of clinker ratio in Europe cement 17

18 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

19 DOMESTIC DELIVERIES OF CEMENT BY TYPE AND STRENGTH CEMBUREAU COUNTRIES - SYNTHESIS 2007 Strength Class Ordinary High Very High (32.5 of pren 197-1) (42.5 of pren 197-1) (52.5 of pren 197-1) Unspecified TOTAL Category Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % CEM I - Portland cement % 6.7% % 49.1% % 18.4% % 25.8% % CEM II - Portland-composite cements Portland-burnt shale cement % 87.6% % 12.4% % Portland-composite cement % 42.3% % 53.0% 1 0.0% 0.0% % 4.7% % Portland-fly ash cement % 26.1% % 70.4% % 3.4% % Portland-limestone cement % 36.7% % 57.5% % 1.4% % 4.4% % Portland-pozzolana cement % 29.6% % 70.2% % 0.2% % Portland-silica fume cement 0 0.0% 0.0% % 100.0% % Portland-slag cement % 46.4% % 43.2% % 8.2% % 2.1% % Unspecified % 100.0% % TOTAL CEM II % 35.4% % 52.2% % 1.4% % 11.0% % CEM III - Blastfurnace cement % 32.6% % 38.5% % 1.3% % 27.6% % CEM IV - Pozzolanic cement % 97.1% % 2.9% % CEM V - Composite cement & Others % 60.2% % 12.5% % 8.5% % 18.7% % TOTAL % 31.7% % 46.3% % 6.2% % 15.8% % Notes National cement types do not, in some cases, correspond exactly to EN However, for the purpose of producing a summary they have been categorised accordingly Countries not included: AT, IE, LT, LV, LU, NO, RO ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

20 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

21 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

22 22

23 120yr 30yr FROM CEMENT TO CONCRETE: NETTING CO 2 DOWN THE VALUE CHAIN 60yr 40yr 60yr 23

24 CO 2 EMISSIONS OVER 60-YEAR LIFE CYCLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION (heating, cooling & lighting) 10% 90% 2-3% CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 24

25 CARBON STRATEGY: THE HOLISTIC VIEW Embodied impacts 90% of the environmental impact occurs during the in-use phase (from heating, cooling and lighting) In-use impacts 10% is from the embodied energy used to produce the fabric of the building itself (taken over a 60 year life-cycle) 25

26 CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS CO 2 emissions from buildings in the EU: 40% The Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) Directive 2002/91/EC Recast Directive 2010/31/EU Elimination of the 1 000m 2 threshold for existing buildings minimum energy performance requirements for all existing buildings undergoing a major renovation All new buildings in the EU as from December 2020 (2018 for public buildings) will have to be nearly zero energy buildings 5-6% saving of EU s total energy consumption by % saving of EU s total CO 2 emissions by

27 CO 2 Emissions (tonnes) DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION / MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE THE CASE FOR THERMAL MASS 220 Whole life CO 2 Emissions from House Heavyweight: Offset achieved in about 21 to 25 years Mediumweight: Offset achieved in about 11 years Concrete thermal mass: Year Reduced heating energy consumption by 2-15% When combined with ventilation, it can reduce the energy used for cooling up to 50% 27

28 12. Is convinced that the problem of urban congestion, which causes 40% of CO 2 emissions and 70% of other pollutant emissions from vehicles, needs to be tackled more ambitiously, without infringing the subsidiarity principle, by applying a Europe-wide cooperation and coordination strategy; 28

29 tonnes of oil equivalent/year 29

30 PRODUCTS: ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Concrete roads Reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicles Dykes To prevent flooding Use of thermal mass in concrete buildings 30

31 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS - ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Adaptation in flood risk areas: Resilience to flood damage Raised concrete houses Floating houses with concrete basements 31

32 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION / MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS SUDS: Gravity drains surface water runoff from hard standing areas into the system Can be designed to reduce the risk of flooding Also can reduce the pollutant load in the surface water runoff Can help organisations to save money on their use of non-potable water 32

33 Costs Benefits THE BUSINESS CASE: SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING EXAMPLE: Employment (direct indirect) Use of alternative fuels Use of alternative raw materials Investment in local community Employment (direct / indirect) Designs for minimal energy use / CO 2 emissions Future or Climate proofed housing and offices Use of recycled materials in construction Raw material extraction Cement manufacture Concrete Manufacture plus (cement & concrete placing) Building infrastructure in use End-of-life Land use / sensitive land use Use of fossil fuels CO 2 SO x, NO x, CO Health & safety Dust CO 2 Waste 33

34 IMAGE OF CEMENT & CONCRETE among Architectural Educators Felt to be better known than any other material Recognised well for cost performance Rated average on saving energy over lifetime Rated far below average on innovative potential Recommended least for the future as a material in construction as a priority in architectural education -a yesterday commodity, overused material- 34 Source: EAAE-Survey, 846 Architectural Educators across Europe, 2001

35 IMAGE OF CEMENT & CONCRETE JUNCTIONS TOWARD IMPROVEMENT Priorities of Materials Subjects in compulsory Courses... CURRENTLY Varieties Properties Aesth. Qualit. Constr. Qualit Cost Effic. Envt l Impact Health Safety iron and steel 58 timber masonry, bricks CONCRETE glass nat. stone, ceramics plastics, foams in the FUTURE Source: RI QUESTA

36