Achievements of Environmental Preservation Activities

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1 Global Warming Prevention Forty percent of the total volume of greenhouse gases emitted by Japan is related to the life-cycle of buildings, from manufacture of construction materials to the construction, operation, renovation and demolition of the buildings themselves. Kajima is working to prevent global warming at all of these stages, placing special emphasis on increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. Sustainable Design Reduces CO 2 Emissions throughout a Building s Service Life Kajima s Architectural Design Division uses a unique sustainable design sheet based on CASBEE standards to take the initiative in proposing eco-friendly designs. More than 90% of projects from fiscal 2004 met CASBEE criteria. The 66 energy-efficient designs Kajima proposed during fiscal 2004 exceeded by more than 30% on average the evaluation criteria for building owners established under the Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy. Controlling CO 2 Emissions at Project Sites Kajima is pursuing its goal of reducing CO 2 emissions per unit sales at the construction stage by 12% (from the fiscal 1990 level) by fiscal In fiscal 2004, CO 2 emissions per unit sales decreased 9%, as compared with fiscal The basic data on emissions volume* was previously measured in units set by the industry group, but Kajima has enhanced the precision of the estimation by increasing the number of samples taken, and using figures from on-site surveys as the basic data on emissions volume. *Basic data on emissions volume: The emission volume is calculated from the number of vehicles and pieces of heavy machinery in use. The actual emissions volume is derived by subtracting the amount of reduction calculated from the execution rate of reduction activities from the basic data. (kg of Baseline CO2/100 figure million yen) 27,014 Current figure 24,582 (9% reduction) Targeted figure 23,773 (12% reduction) KAJIMA Environmental Report

2 Case study: Demonstration of an Energy-Efficient Design for Office Buildings Shiodome Tower and Shiodome Media Tower The Shiodome Tower and Shiodome Media Tower in Tokyo s Minato Ward provide natural ventilation during times when the weather is mild, when air conditioning is used, and for nighttime ventilation. By employing draft ventilation based on wind, and temperature difference ventilation using the atrium and stairwells, the air-conditioning load, which accounts for about a third of the energy consumed during operating hours, is reduced by 20%. For the Shiodome Tower, Kajima uses tools to effectively and easily evaluate energy data, conducts a wide range of energy analysis, and provides feedback on improving the building s operational efficiency and design. In addition, as electricity fee structures diversify in the face of deregulation of electric utilities, Kajima is offering on a trial basis a service to calculate energy consumption after the building has been put into service. The Shiodome Tower Case study: Kajima s CDM Project Approved by the Malaysian Government The Japanese and Malaysian governments have given approval for the Kajima s landfill gas (LFG) recovery and electric power generation project at the Krubong landfill site in Melaka, Malaysia, to be recognized as a clean development mechanism (CDM) project. Until now, organic waste has been decomposed to generate gases consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and methane, but with this new system the gas is recovered and as much as possible used to generate electricity. Kajima will establish a special-purpose company jointly funded by the Japanese and local companies and the SPC plans to operate the plant for a 10-year period beginning in The facility is expected to reduce greenhouse gases by 90,000 tons during its first year of operation, and will contribute to the prevention of global warming. KAJIMA Environmental Report

3 Recycling and Effective Use of Resources Kajima has developed and expanded a network of manufacturers and companies in the waste disposal industry, and is using this to convert construction waste into a wide variety of products. Reduction and Recycling of Construction Waste during Fiscal 2004 Construction waste generated during fiscal 2004 increased compared with the previous year. The main causes were the generation of a large volume of construction sludge (approximately 400,000 tons from two sites) during large-scale shield tunnel projects, and an increase in concrete fragments resulting from a greater number of demolition projects. However, the recycling rate for concrete fragments is nearly 100%, and the final disposal rate for construction sludge is falling. The overall rate of generation of mixed waste is also on a downward trend, and the recycling rate is improving. Volume of construction waste generated and recycling rate Fiscal year Volume generated Recycling rate Reduction Final disposal Final disposal (tons) (%) rate (%) rate (%) volume (tons) Notes: Case study: Separate Collection Areas on Each Floor Improves Recycling Rate to 95% Grande Maison Otedori Construction Project (provisional name) The standard practice at project sites is to collect all waste generated during construction and separate it in a recycling yard at ground level. The main problem with processing waste on each floor, along with the space limitations, has been that without clear guidance waste would not be properly separated. During the construction of this high-rise condominium, however, Kajima separated the waste on the floor on which it was generated. Surveys of the types and volume of waste generated during the interior finishing work were conducted in advance, and container Workers receive instructions during the morning meeting carts specifically for each type of recyclable waste were placed on the floors. The containers were color coded, and displayed descriptions and pictures of the appropriate categories of waste for each, which was reinforced by a coordinated effort that included weekly inspections and guidance for improvement. The adoption of these measures resulted in a recycling rate of 95.1%. KAJIMA Environmental Report

4 Case study: Recycling Rate Mixed Waste Raised to More than 90% through Cooperation with Leading Waste Disposal Firms; Takatoshi Kogyo s Tokyo Rinkai Eco-Plant Alongside its efforts to separate waste at production sites, Kajima has been able to increase the recycling rate of mixed waste through cooperation with leading waste disposal firms employing advanced technologies. The Tokyo Rinkai Eco-Plant in Ota Ward, Tokyo, is one such facility built by Kajima in 2004, which is able to recycle more than 90% of mixed waste. Turning mixed waste into resources Material is brought to the processing plant Waste is roughly sorted Precision Recycling Sorting System Waste is sorted by weight, size and other measures using machines to classify its density, vibration air and other properties. Waste is placed in the processors Waste being sorted by hand Sophisticated Processing and Equipment Management System Dust collected by filters throughout the plant is recycled for use as backfilling material After intermediate processing Waste is broken up by type Compactor After intermediate processing the waste becomes recycled products such as crushed stone, fuel for making cement, or is sold as raw material for plaster board, glass wool, or other material. Some materials are compacted for easier transport. KAJIMA Environmental Report

5 Hazardous Materials Management Many different types of hazardous materials and substances need to be handled during the various stages of construction work. Kajima takes account of these substances before work begins to ensure that they are properly managed and handled. Measures to Prevent Asbestos Dust during Demolition or Renovation The health risks from asbestos are a serious problem, and regulations in Japan were strengthened with the implementation of new laws in July, Kajima had previously set and followed its own guidelines, but in July 2005 formulated new procedures for dealing with buildings in whic h asbestos was present. It also began exchanging information on materials containing asbestos with the building owners, and conducting special training on asbestos for all of its employees. The legally mandated content of this education program is the harmful effects of asbestos, methods of handling and the use of protective equipment. Kajima expanded the scope of the course to include training not only for the workers who actually handle the material, but all employees who supervise demolition or renovation projects, working to ensure that all people involved in the project are able to take the proper procedures based on accurate information. Crews conducting the actual demolition or renovation work are provided with a manual detailing the results of Kajima s own advance survey, giving them a thorough understanding of asbestos and any other harmful substances present. The fireproofing molded boards and pipe insulation that produce air-borne asbestos are isolated and removed, and as a specially controlled industrial waste are immediately disposed of in a landfill or melted down to prevent dust from reaching surrounding areas. Materials such as slate and tile that do not easily generate dust are removed by hand as much as possible rather than broken up, and immediately disposed of in landfills to control the generation of dust. Case study: EnviroJet Method Allows Large -Scale Decontamination of Soil and Groundwater Kajima discovered widespread soil and groundwater contamination from a volatile organic compound (VOC) on the site of a former factory (approximately 70,000 square meters) in central Japan, and is employing its EnviroJet method of on-site clean up. For the soil contamination Kajima uses the Jet Replace Method, which employs powerful streams of water to replace contaminated soil with harmless materials. For the groundwater pollution, Kajima uses the Jet Blend Method, which uses streams of water mixed with cleaning agents to agitate and mix the contaminated water, taking advantage of the movement of groundwater. Neither of these methods produces excessive sound or vibration. Intersecting jet streams of water KAJIMA Environmental Report

6 Ecosystem Conservation Kajima conducts R&D aimed at attaining harmony between construction activities and ecosystems, giving priority to these considerations in its business operations, and is also developing methods and materials to conserve, restore and create ecosystems. Case study: Monitoring the Environment at an Industrial Park in a Forested Area, Sanden Forest Sanden Forest in Gunma Prefecture is a 64-hectare industrial park established in Kajima made an environmentally friendly proposal for the entire area, employing a bioengineering method that incorporated conservation of vegetation, ecosystems and existing forests, biotope formation for regulating reservoirs and channels, maintenance of walkways and conservation of scenery. Kajima continued to monitor the environment after completion, confirming the appearance of kingfishers and the giant purple emperor butterfly, the national butterfly of Japan. Further observations revealed the formation of a rich natural environment within the forest preserves and regulating reservoir biotope, the survival of gold brocade orchids and other precious plant species that had been conserved and transplanted, as well as the appearance of the woody plants that indicate the recovery of vegetation on the forest floor. Technology: Analysis Evaluation of the Ecological Network in Urban Areas Kajima conducts analysis evaluations of ecological networks in urban areas in order to create urban environments balanced with nature. This technology uses high resolution satellite data and a digital surface model (DSM) system to recognize features that are normally difficult to fully assess, such as the number of trees in residential areas and along roadsides. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of the greenery in a particular area. Area surrounding a channel restored using the bioengineering method Analysis of the habitat of the great tit: current (left) and improvement proposal (right) KAJIMA Environmental Report

7 Technology: Habitat Evaluation and Forecasting Technologies for Wetlands Kajima and Taisei Corporation have been jointly developing technologies for the restoration of wetlands since fiscal 2000, creating a habitat evaluation model of clams, crab, eelgrass and other representative wetland organisms. Environmental factors such as terrain, water quality, sediment and waves are entered into the model, allowing for evaluation and forecasting as a numerical value of the population of the living organisms in that environment. Technology: Participation in a Desertification Study in the Mongolian Steppes Kajima cooperates with research projects conducted through the Ministry of the Environment s Global Environment Research Fund. This particular project, conducted in the Mongolian steppes, included research on desertification evaluation methods, prevention strategies and local cost-benefit analysis. Researchers from Okayama University, the University of Tokyo and other institutions conducted a range of studies in Inner Mongolia in China and southern Mongolia during April and May 2005 that included measurements of the moisture characteristics of plants in arid regions. General Technology: METAKLES Extracts Biogas from Organic Waste METAKLES is a non-combustion organic gasification system developed by Kajima that uses thermophilic methane fermentation bacteria to efficiently decompose organic waste and extract biogas. Since its development, the system has been adopted at more than 10 facilities nationwide. Kajima will continue to build on its research and accomplishments to advance research aimed at introducing this system at processing and recycling facilities for organic waste generated by local communities and food processing plants. KAJIMA Environmental Report