Technical Aspects of Combating Air Pollution Learning from the Experiences of Mexico City

Transcription

1 Technical Aspects of Combating Air Pollution Learning from the Experiences of Mexico City Roundtable on National Clean Air Programme: Combating Air Pollution New Delhi, November 2018

2 Mexico City 2017 One of the most serious problems that the inhabitants of planet Earth have is the pollution of the air we breathe, essential for life In accordance with the Emissions Inventory From Mexico City (in 2016): Transportation is the sector with the highest fuel consumption fossils with more than 60% of the city's energy, and therefore It is related to the highest particle emissions (PM10 and PM2.5). During 2016 and 2017 in the city of Mexico there were serious environmental contingencies WHAT HAVE WE DONE? 95% of the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions are due to the consumption of fossil fuels

3 Public politics Institutions and legal framework Actions Strategies

4 Institutions In the city of Mexico there are 4 environmental authorities, they have different powers and 3 of them have powers to sanction. Institutions and legal framework The institution where I work, is part of these four, and functions as an ombusman to guarantee the right to a healthy environment Principal functions: Attention to citizen complaints Investigations and Legal advice Issuance of studies and opinions Participation Action on priority issues of socio-environmental interest together with other research instances with citizens

5 legal framework Mexican political constitution (for the all country) Everyone has the right to a healthy environment for their development and well-being. The State will guarantee respect for this right. Damage and environmental deterioration will generate responsibility for those who cause it in terms of the provisions of the law. (included in 1999 and amended in 2012) Political Constitution of the City of Mexico(for the city of mexico) Everyone has the right to a healthy environment for their well-being development. The authorities will take the necessary measures, within the scope of their powers, for the protection of the environment and the preservation and restoration of the ecological balance (the first constitution was enacted in 2017)

6 Environmental and Earth Protection Law of the CDMX (2000) The authorities, as well as society, must assume the co-responsibility of the protection of the environment, as well as the conservation, restoration and management of ecosystems and the improvement of the air, water and soil quality in order to protect human health and the standard of living of its population Law for the Retribution for the protection of environmental services of the soil of conservation (for the owners of the land in 2006) legal framework GA M Establish the mechanisms to compensate the agrarian nucleus and small producers of the Conservation Land, for the protection, conservation or extension of the Environmental Services that they offer to all the inhabitants of the CDMX, as well as for the realization of productive activities linked to rural development, fair and sustainable. Cuaji malp a Magd alena Contr eras Álva ro Obre gón Tlal pan Xochi milco Iztap alap a Milp a Alta Tláh uac

7 Environmental standards of air quality legal framework NOM-034-SEMARNAT-1993 NOM-034-ECOL-1993 NOM-035-SEMARNAT-1993 NOM-035-ECOL-1993 NOM-036-SEMARNAT-1993 NOM-036-ECOL-1993 NOM-037-SEMARNAT-1993 NOM-037-ECOL-1993 NOM-038-SEMARNAT-1993 NOM-038-ECOL /10/ /10/ /10/ /10/1993 NOM-156-SEMARNAT /07/2012 NOM-123-SEMARNAT-1998 NOM-123-ECOL-1998 Measurement methods to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air Measurement methods to determine the concentration of total suspended particles in the air Measurement methods to determine the concentration of ozone in the ambient air Measurement methods to determine the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air 18/10/1993 Concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air 14/06/1999 NADF-009-AIRE /11/2006 Establecimiento y operación de sistemas de monitoreo de la calidad del aire Maximum allowable content of volatile organic compounds REQUIREMENTS FOR ELABORATING THE METROPOLITAN AIR QUALITY INDEX.

8 Currently in Mexico there are 31 current ProAire programs, with a potential beneficiary population of 103 million inhabitants,

9 Public politics Inventario de Emisio de la CDMX-2014 For the city of Mexico since the year 2000, inventories of greenhouse gases are made, programs are implemented and these programs are evaluated

10 Public politics Goals Climate Action Program From Mexico City Reduce 8 Million Tons of CO2 equivalent 2 Have an adaptation program in execution Aspects considered for mitigation actions Energy Water Transportation (and mobility) Waste Green shopping Metrobús Substitution of vehicles Electric taxis Subway Cyclovis, ecobici Recovery of public spaces

11 Actions Atmospheric Monitoring System In 1989, the Automatic Atmospheric Monitoring Network came into operation with 25 stations for continuous reporting 24 hour Measurement of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone

12 Actions Modernize the equipment of the vehicle verification centers of the CDMX. Strengthen the application of the program for the replacement of catalytic converters. Update the Today No Circulate Program Renew the fleet of low, medium and high capacity passenger transport vehicles of CDMX Strengthen the self-regulation program of diesel vehicles. Promote the use of bicycles as a means of transportation in the CDMX

13 Improve Mobility Actions Project certified by the clean development mechanism Actually there are 7 lines that connect the city, there are projected 12

14 Actions Transportation alternatives Electric Scooters Bikes

15 Actions Conservation of green areas 63% of the surface of the City has a declaration of protection Improvement of green areas

16 Sistemas de Naturación: Naturation Systems: It is the technical treatment of horizontal or inclined built surfaces, through which layers of growth medium and vegetation, specially adapted to the physical and climatic conditions of the site in which they are incorporated into an element or group of traditional constructive elements, are incorporated. it is installed, creating an induced plant surface

17 Green infrastructure Tax reduction for owners who implement a system of nature

18 Vertical gardens or green walls LA VILLA AV. CHAPULTEPEC Natural or Artificial, Goods of public or private domain PERIFERICO CALZADA DE LA VIRGEN AV. DE LOS INSURGENTES