PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR PROPOSED COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY. HAVING INCINERATOR CAPACITY 100Kg/Hr.

Transcription

1 PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT f FOR PROPOSED COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY HAVING INCINERATOR CAPACITY 100Kg/Hr At Maholi, Sitapur Prepared by: M/s EARTH PROTECTION GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT PVT.LTD. Accredited from QCI-NABET (As per the Guideline of MoEF&CC, Govt. of India) 4-D/620-B, Sector-4, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow Mobile: , epgec@yahoo.co.in, epgec1@gmail.com, Website: Page 1

2 PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR PROPOSED COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY HAVING INCINERATOR CAPACITY 100Kg/Hr At Maholi, Sitapur APPLICANT: M/S. STAR POLLUTECH Address: Village- Chandra, Tehsil Maholi, Dist. Sitapur (UP) PREPARED BY: EARTH PROTECTION GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT PRIVATE LIMITED Accredited from QCI-NABET (As per the Guideline of MoEF&CC, Govt. of India) 4-D/620-B, Sector-4, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow Page 2

3 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT Biomedical waste management has recently emerged as an issue of major concern not only to hospitals, nursing home authorities but also to the environment. the bio medical wastes generated from health care units depend upon a number of factors such as waste management methods, type of health care units, occupancy of healthcare units, specialization of healthcare units, ratio of reusable items in use, availability of infrastructure and resources etc. The Government of India (notification, 1998) specifies that Hospital Waste Management is a part of hospital hygiene and maintenance activities. This involves management of range of activities, which are mainly engineering functions, such as collection, transportation, operation or treatment of processing systems, and disposal of wastes. The Centralized system of waste management is the best method in terms of cost reduction and minimizes legal and ethical hassles of health care staff & authority. Through centralized system, the hospital would feel less burden of waste management and might devote more time on development of quality patient care. Common bio medical waste treatment facility (CBWTF) set up where bio medical waste, generated from a number of healthcare facilities, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce all adverse effect that such waste may pose. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare establishments requires comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires separate manpower and infrastructure development for the proper operations and maintenance of treatment systems. The concept of centralized facilities emerged as a necessity since having individual treatment technologies was very difficult even for very large set ups. Setting up and running treatment technologies requires space, huge investment, high operation and maintenance charges, technically qualified staff, waste to the maximum capacity of the machine to bring down the per kg treatment cost, etc. In comparison, if the waste from a number of healthcare establishments is brought at a centralized facility, all the above problems get scaled down. The concept of CBWTF not only addresses these problems but also prevents scattering of treatment equipment in the city. Moreover, monitoring these facilities is much easier and one can ensure that the best and cleanest technologies with adequate pollution control devices are installed. In last few years various centralized facilities have come up all around the country. Page 3

4 CBWTF (Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility) is an infrastructural set up where Bio-Medical Waste is treated & disposed of in a most economical and viable method. It is a system that is designed to ensure Win-Win situation for all the Stake holders: i). General Public & the End User of Hospital Facilities -happens to gain in cleaner &infectious free environment. ii). Hospital Staff - Less of work load since bulk of the responsibilities are outsourced / transferred to well trained Staff of Service Provider. iii). Hospital Management - Will be able to focus better on their Core Competence. iv). Service Providers - Eventually gains from Economies of Scale. The concept of CBWTF not only addresses these problems but also prevents scattering of treatment equipment in the city/ area. Moreover, monitoring of these facilities is much easier rather than scattered captive Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility and one can be ensured of cleaner and safer environment. Major Sources: Hospitals/Nursing Homes/Dispensaries. Primary health centers. Medical collages and research Centre. Blood banks Pathologies Minor Sources: Physician /dentists clinic Blood donation camps. Medical Camps. To redress this problem and provide the health care establishments with a solution to their waste disposal dilemma M/s Star Pollutech is proposing to establish Common Bio-Medical Waste Page 4

5 Treatment Facility at village Chandra, Tehsil Maholi, dist. Sitapur(UP) to provide cleaner and healthier environment by adhering to the provisions of Bio-Medical Waste (Management &Handling) Rules 2016and CPCB guidelines, 2016 making an contribution in protecting our environment. The project is proposed at village Chandra, Tehsil Maholi, Dist. Sitapur (UP) over an area of acre. The tentative layout of the project is enclosed as Annexure-1 The project involves development of Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility which is categorized under Item 7 (d) (a) of the Schedule-Gazette Notification, MoEF&CC,Govt of India dated 17th April Activities The prime activities of CBWTF comprises of collection, reception, storage, transport, treatment & disposal of Bio-Medical Waste collected from the Member Health Care Facilities of the area of operation. Page 5

6 IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF BMW (SERVICE AGREEMENT) TRAINING FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE COLLECTION OF BMW (BY DEDICATED VEHICLES) TRANSPORTATION Collection: Door to door collection service shall RECEPTION be rendered OF BMW to all AT CBWTF member health care facilities.the Bio- Medical waste duly packed in colour coded bags handed over by the member healthcare facility shall be collected in similar colored compartment in the covered vehicle. Each bag shall be labeled by the member health INCINERABLE care facilities WASTE as per AUTOCLAVABLE the Schedule III WASTE & IV of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant container. The person responsible for collection of Bio-Medical Waste shall also carry a route INCINERATION AUTOCLAVE chart, where the name and address of all member health care facilities are mentioned, with him so as to maintain the records of Bio-medical Waste, the type and quantity of waste received from the member health care facility, signature of the authorized person of the member healthcare ASH SHREDDING SHARPS facility etc. Transportation: APPROVED TSDF SITE SCARP ENCAPSULATION The Bio-Medical Waste collected in colour coded bags shall be transported to the CBWTF in a fully covered vehicle. Such vehicle shall be dedicated for transportation of Bio-Medical Waste Page 6

7 Collection: Door to door collection service shall be rendered to all member health care facilities. The Biomedical waste duly packed in color coded bags handed over the member healthcare facility shall be collected in similar colored compartment in the covered vehicles. Each bag shall be labeled by the member health care facilities as per the schedule I of the Biomedical waste (management & handling) Rules Sharp shall be collected in puncture resistant container. The person responsible for collection of biomedical waste shall also carry a route chart, where the name and address of all member health care facilities are mentioned, with him so as to maintain the records of biomedical waste, the type and quantity of waste received from the member health care facility, signature of the authorized person of the member healthcare facility etc. Transportation: The biomedical waste collected in color coded bags shall be transported to the CBWTF in fully covered vehicles. Such vehicles shall be dedicated for transportation of biomedical waste only. Depending upon the volume of the wastes to be transported, the vehicle may be a three-wheeler, light motor vehicle or heavy motor vehicle. In either case, the vehicle shall possess the following: Separate cabins provided for driver/staff and the bio-medical waste containers. The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof so as to avoid pilferage of liquid during transportation. The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers. The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and disinfect. The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth surface so as to minimize water retention. The waste cabin shall have provisions for sufficient openings in the rear and/or sides so that waste can be easily loaded and unloaded. The vehicle shall be labeled with the Bio-Hazard symbol (as per the Schedule IV of the Rules) and should display the name, address and telephone number of the CBWTF. Page 7

8 Treatment: 3 types of treatment options shall be provided in Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF). Incineration Autoclaving Shredding Incineration unit is meant for the treatment of: Human anatomical waste (human tissue, organs, body parts). Animal anatomical waste (animal tissue, organs, body parts, bleeding parts, experimental animals used in research). Discarded medicines and toxic drugs (waste comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines). Soiled waste (item contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton, dressing, soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding other material contaminated with blood). Autoclave unit is meant for the treatment of: Microbiological waste (device used for transfer of medicines). Infected Plastic Waste, Gloves etc Broken Glass Bottles etc Shredder Unit is meant for mutilation of treated Waste using Autoclave Waste duly treated by Autoclave unit. Sharp pit is also been provisioned for the encapsulation of Sharps such as Needles, Scalpels etc Effluent Treatment Unit: for the treatment of Effluent generated during the process of Bio-Medical waste Treatment, Floor Washing and Vehicle Washing etc. Page 8

9 Disposal: The treated bio-medical waste shall be disposed of as per following: Incineration ash: Secured landfill by TSDF Plastic waste after disinfection and shredding: Recycling Disinfected Sharps: encapsulation Other treated solid wastes: Municipal landfill Treated waste water: recycling, washing & cleaning of Vehicles and use in greenbelt. Table: Salient Features of the Project Name of the project Promoter Location Total Plot Area Capacity Water Requirement Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) M/s Star Pollutech Village- Chandra, TehsilMaholi, Dist.Sitapur Acre Incineration capacity: 100 Kg/Hr Autoclaving capacity 500 Ltr/Hr Shredders of capacity 50 kg/hr ETP of 5 KLD treating capacity Total 5.0 KLD water will be required for the proposed project. Water requirement is given as:- Source: Tube well Activities Quantity (KLD) Required Water Floor washing, 1.0 containerwashing etc. ;Venturiscrubber Domestic Use 1.00 Green Belt 3.0 Total 5.0 KLD Page 9

10 Power Requirement Manpower Requirement Estimated Project cost Nearest Railway Station Nearest Highway Nearest Airport Coordinates Approx 25 KVA for operation phase (for All phases) Supply source (UPPCL) Back up- DG. Set of 25 KVA capacities as standby. 15persons Approximate 98 lac Maholi Railway Station 3.06 Km (NE) NH Km (NE) SH Km (NW) Airport ChoudharyCharan Singh, Lucknow- 103 Km (SE) Latitude deg N Longitude deg E Page 10

11 2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/BACKGROUND INFORMATION (i) Identification of the Project Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is a set up where biomedical waste, generated from a number of healthcare units, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effects that this waste may pose. The treated waste may finally be sent for disposal in a landfill or for recycling purposes. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units requires comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires separate manpower and infrastructure development for proper operation and maintenance of treatment systems. The concept of CBWTF not only addresses such problems but also prevents proliferation of treatment equipment in a city. In turn it reduces the monitoring pressure on regulatory agencies. By running the treatment equipment at CBWTF to its full capacity, the cost of treatment of per kilogram gets significantly reduced. Its considerable advantages have made CBWTF popular and proven concept in many developed countries. It is roughly estimated that about 1.3 to 2.0 kg/bed/day of solid waste are generated from health care institutions of which 15 to 20% are infectious biomedical waste. The present proposal by Star Pollutech is to utilize acre of land for setting up of Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility at Maholi, Sitapur. (ii) Project Proponent M/s. Star Pollutech is led by committed & promising promoter Mr. Awadh Ram Verma with a vision of creating awareness regarding Bio Medical Waste & offering standard world class services to the society and to make a contribution in protecting our environment. Star Pollutech has highly trained & experienced professionals in the field of Bio-Medical Waste Management. It will be ensured that collection, transportation, storage & treatment of Bio Page 11

12 Medical Waste is done in a systematic manner by complying all regulatory norms as stipulated in Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2016 and CPCB Guidelines 2016 for installation of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility. Project Proponent Mr. Awadh Ram Verma Address: Raghunath Puram Dipti Khera Para Hardoi Road, Lucknow (iii) Brief Description of Nature of Project As per the Gazette Notification dated 28 th March, 2016 it is the duty of every occupier (a person having control over an institution or premises) of an institution generating biomedical waste including a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment. Under these rule- Bio-medical waste shall not be mixed with other wastes. Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into container / bags at the point of generation as per their respective categories. Bio-medical waste shall not be stored for more than 48 hrs. Every occupier is required to set up requisite bio-medical waste treatment facilities like incinerator, autoclave, microwave system for the treatment of waste or ensure requisite treatment of waste at a common waste treatment facility. Every occupier shall make an application to the prescribed authority for grant of authorization. Every occupier shall maintain records related to generation, collection, reception, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste. Bio Medical Waste was defined under Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rule 2016, and the main features of the rules are: 1. Segregation of Bio-Medical Waste from other waste 2. Untreated Bio-Medical waste should not be stored for beyond 48 hours Page 12

13 3. Waste shall be stored in following color containers/ Bags: Yellow : Incineration Waste Red : Autoclave/ Microwave Chemical Treatment Blue/White : Autoclave/ Microwave Chemical Treatment Black : Disposal to landfill site The Biomedical Waste generator will take authorization from State Pollution Control Board. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has made guidelines for installation of Common Biomedical Waste Management facility (CBWTF) In Dec 2016 which has defined following criteria: 1. One CBWTF should at least cater to 10,000 beds and/ or 75Km in radius from its location. 2. CBWTF should have following equipment for process/ Treatment of Bio-Medical Waste: Incinerator: It is a controlled air combustion process where waste is completely oxidized and harmful microorganisms present in it are destroyed /denatured under high temperature. Autoclave: Autoclaving is a low-heat thermal process where steam is brought into direct contact with waste in a controlled manner and for sufficient duration to disinfect the wastes. Shredder: Shredding is a process by which waste are mutilated /de-shaped or cut into smaller pieces so as to make the wastes unrecognizable. It helps in prevention of reuse of bio-medical waste and also acts as identifier that the waste has been disinfected and is safe to be disposed of. Sharp pit/encapsulation Vehicle/Container washing facility Effluent Treatment Plant 3. CBWTF should have following infrastructure: Treatment Equipment Room Main Waste Storage Room Treated Waste Storage Room Page 13

14 Administrative Room D.G. Set Room Site Security Green Belt Sign Board 4. CBWTF should have proper record keeping: Waste quantum received and treated Solid waste disposal Logbook for equipment Site records 5. CBWTF should have proper waste collection & transportation facility 6. In accordance with the EIA Notification, 2006& subsequent amendment made by MoEF& CC vide S.O.1142 (E) dated that the Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities are included as under:- (1) (2) (4) (5) 7(d) ( a) Bio-Medical Waste All General Condition shall apply Treatment Facilities projects Table: Biomedical waste categories and their segregation, collection, treatment, processing and disposal options. Category Type of Waste Type of Bags or Container to be Treatment and disposal options used (1) ( 2) (3) (4) Yellow Human Anatomical Waste: Yellow colored Incineration or Plasma Human tissues, organs, body non-chlorinated paralysis or deep burial parts and fetus below the plastic bags viability period (as per the medical Termination of pregnancy act 1971, amended Page 14

15 from time to time) (b) Animal Anatomical Waste: Experimental animal carcasses, body parts, organs, tissues, including the waste generated from animals used in experiments or testing in veterinary hospitals or colleges or animal houses. (C) Soiled waste: Items contaminated with blood, body fluids like dressings, plaster casts, cotton swabs and bags containing residues or discarded blood and blood components. (d) Expired or Discarded Medicines: Pharmaceutical waste like antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs including all items contaminated with cytotoxic drugs along with glass or plastic ampoules, vials etc. Yellow coloured non- chlorinated plastic bags or containers Incineration or plasma pyrolysis or deep burial In absence of above facilities, autoclaving or micro-waving / hydroclaving fallowed by shredding or mutilation or combination of sterilized and shredding. Treated waste to be sent for energy recovery. Expired cytotoxic drugs and items contaminated with cytotoxic drugs to be returned back to the manufacturing or suppliers for incineration at temperature >1200 o C or to common biomedical waste treatment facility or hazardous waste Page 15

16 treatment, storage and disposal facility for incineration at >1200 o C or Encapsulation or plasma pyrolysis at >1200 o C All other discarded medicines shall be either sent back to manufacturer or disposed by incineration. (e) Chemical waste: Chemical used in production of biological and used or discarded disinfectants. (f) Chemical liquid waste: Liquid waste generated due to use of chemicals on production of biological and used or discarded disinfectant, silver X- ray film developing Formalin infected secretions, aspirated body fluids, liquid from laboratories and floor washing, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting activities etc. Yellow colored non- chlorinated plastic bags Separate colored containers system leading to effluent treatment system. Disposed of by incineration or plasma pyrolysis or Encapsulation in hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facility. After resource recovery, the chemical liquid waste shall be pre-treated before mixing with other wastewater. The combined discharge norms given in schedule III. Page 16

17 (g) Discarded linen, Non chlorinated Non- chlorinated mattresses, beddings yellow plastic bags chemicals disinfection contaminated with blood or or suitable packing fallowed by incineration body fluid. material of plazma pyrolysis or for energy recover. In absence of above facilities, shredding or mutilation of combination sterilized and shredding. Treated waste to be sent for energy recovery or incineration or plazma pyrolysis. (h)microbiology, Autoclave safe Pre treatment to sterilize Biotechnology and other plastic bags or with non chlorinated chemical laboratory waste: containers chemicals on site as per Blood bags Laboratory cultures, National AIDS Control stock or specimens of Organization or World microorganisms, live or Health Organization attenuated vaccines, human and guidelines thereafter for animal cell cultures used in incineration. research, industrial laboratories, production of biological, residual toxins, dishes and devices used for culture. Red Contaminated waste (recycled) Red colored non- Autoclaving followed by (a) Waste generated from chlorinated plastic shredding or mutilation disposable items such as bags or containers or combination of tubing, bottles, sterilized and shredding. Page 17

18 intravenous tubes and sets, catheters, urine bags, syringe (without needles and fixed needles syringe) and vaccutainers with their needles cut) and gloves White Waste Sharps including metals: Needles, Syringes with needles, needles from needles tip cutter or burner, scalpels, blades or any other contaminated sharp objects that may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both used discarded and contaminated metal sharp. Blue (a)glassware: Broken or discarded contaminated glassware including medicine vials and Puncture proof, Leak Proof, tamper proof container Cardboard boxes with blue colored marking Treatment waste to be sent to registered or authorized recyclers or for energy recovery or plastics to diesel or fuel oil or for road making, whichever is possible. Plastic waste should not be to landfill sites. Autoclaving or Dry Heat Sterilization followed by shredding or mutilation or encapsulation in metals container or cement concrete; combination of shredding cum autoclaving; and sent to final disposal to iron foundries (having consent to operate from the state pollution Control committees) or sanitary landfill or designated concrete waste sharps pit. This infection (By soaking the washed glass waste after cleaning with detergents and sodium hypochlorite treatment) Page 18

19 ampoules except those contaminated with cytotoxic waste (b) Metal Body Implants. Cardboard boxes with blue colored marking or through autoclaving or microwaving or hydroclaving and then sent for recycling Disposal by deep burial is permitted only in rural or remote areas there is no access to common biomedical waste treatment facility. This will be carried out with prior approval from the prescribed authority and as per the Standard specific in Schedule-III. The burial facility shall be located as per the provision and guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board time to time. (iv) Need for the project and its importance to the Country and or Region Keeping in view the difficulties faced by private Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Clinics that cannot make their own arrangements due to high cost involved in Treatment facilities, there was need for centralized system for treatment. Most of the tribal villages have very poor transportation and communication infrastructure. Most of the hospitals do not have adequate arrangement for disposal of the hospital waste. (v) Demand and Supply Gap As per BMW Rules one CBWTF is allowed to cater up to 10,000 beds. In order to manage the huge quantum of Biomedical Waste generated in and around Sitapur, Lakhimpur, Hardoi and Shahjahpur CBWTF is required to cater to the need of the health care facilities. The proposed CBWTF shall be located in Maholi, Sitapur and shall ensure the proper management of Biomedical Waste generated by the Health Care Facilities of Sitapur, Lakhimpur Kheri, Hardoi and Shahjahpur as per Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rule 2016 Page 19

20 (vi) Employment generation (Direct & Indirect) due to the project During Construction phase the labors and workers will be hired from nearby villages. Persons will be hired for Plant operations including officers, skilled and unskilled workers. 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (i) Type of Project A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is required for the treatment of the biomedical waste generated from a number of healthcare units to reduce adverse effects that this waste may pose. Proposed project of setting up of the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility includes Incinerator, Autoclave, Shredder, Storage and Effluent Treatment Plant. (ii) Location of the Site Railway line: Maholi Railway Station is 3.06 Km towards north east direction of the project site. Roadways: The site is well connected by road ways NH km approx. and SH-29 about 0.83 km, north west from the site. Airways: The closest air terminal is Airport Choudhary Charan Singh, Lucknow which is 103 Km towards south east direction of the project site. (iii) Details of alternate sites considered and the basis of selecting the proposed site, particularly the environmental considerations gone into should be highlighted. No alternative site has been examined for setting up of Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility. The land is private land with an area of acre. The project is Page 20

21 located at village Chandra, Tehsil Maholi dist. Sitapur. The project site is well connected with road network and power supply. All necessary amenities are easily available at the site. (iv) Size and Magnitude of Operation The capacity of different divisions is as under:- Particular Capacity Nos Incinerator 100 Kg/Hr 1 Autoclave 500 Litr/Hr 1 Shredder 50 Kg/Hr 1 Effluent Treatment Plant 5 KLD 1 DG Set 25 KVA 1 (v) Project description with process details A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is a set up where biomedical waste, generated from a number of healthcare units, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effects that this waste may pose. The treated waste may finally be sent for disposal in a landfill or for recycling purposes. Treatment Technology Incineration This is a high temperature thermal process employing combustion of the waste under controlled condition for converting it into inert material and gases. Incinerators can be oil fired or electrically powered or a combination of both. Broadly, three types of incinerators are used for biomedical waste: multiple hearth type, rotary kiln and controlled air types. All the types have primary and secondary combustion chambers to ensure optimal combustion. These are refractory lined. In the multiple hearth incinerators, solid phase combustion takes place in the primary chamber whereas the secondary chamber is for gas phase combustion. These are referred to as excess air incinerators because excess air is present in both the chambers. Page 21

22 Thus the waste is incinerated in two stages i.e. the primary chamber and the secondary combustion chamber which are positioned adjacent to each other. The flue gases then passes through the high pressure drop Venturi Scrubber, droplet separator and are let out to atmosphere via ID fan and chimney. The Primary Combustion Chamber operates under near pyrolytic condition where the wastes are decomposed & all volatiles are released. The substrate remaining gets converted into sterile ash. The volatiles released from the Primary Combustion Chamber are then completely burnt in the Secondary Combustion Chamber under high temperature & excess air. Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) The gases after being burnt at 1050 o C shall be run into a ventury scrubber followed by a flooded scrubber with water quenching arrangement. The scrubber shall be an alkaline scrubber to neutralized the gases and ensure trapping of any pollutants escaping into the environment. The purpose of water quenching is to reduce the temperature of the gases which are at high temperature. The clean gases are let out into the environment. The scrubbed water shall be collected into a sump, where the water is neutralized, and then sent into a cooling system from where the water is re circulated into the scrubber after cleaning them of their particulates by way of pressure filter and activated carbon filter. The system is thus a zero discharge system in terms of water discharges and is pollution free. Autoclave An autoclave is a specialized piece of equipment designed to deliver C temperature under 15 psi pressures to a chamber, with the goal of decontaminating or sterilizing the contents of the chamber. Decontamination is the reduction of contamination to a level where it is no longer a hazard to people or the environment. The project proponent intends to establish an autoclave with above principle. To ensure safety and quality control, all bio-hazardous materials and items contaminated with potentially infectious agents should be decontaminated before use or disposal. Such items include, but are not limited to: culture media, surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, glassware, and biomedical waste including sharps. Page 22

23 Shredder Shredding is a process by which waste are de-shaped or cut into smaller pieces so as to make the waste unrecognizable. Shredder has non- corrosive sharp blades capable for shredding of plastic waste, sharps, bottles, needles, tubing s, and other general waste. The low speed two shaft systems is effective for shredding hard and solid waste. M/s. Star Pollutech intends to establish a Shredder, thus rendering the waste free from infection. The dis-infected waste shall then be segregated into HDPE, PP, rubber, latex, glass and metal. The segregated materials shall then be shredded completing the process of dis-infection and ensuring non-recycling of the waste materials for medical/ food grade purposes. Process Diagram: Page 23

24 Fig: Bio Medical Waste Treatment Process (vi) Raw material required: This project involves the treatment of bio medical waste and the raw material for the process is collected from various hospitals, health care sector nursing homes, clinical laboratories etc. The Details and the quantity of raw material are as under:- S. Particular Source Quantity No. 1 Biomedical waste Various health care ---- units 2 Colour coded Trollies Local Vendor as per requirement 3 Non Chlorinated Local Vendor as per requirement Colour coded bags 4 Diesel Nearby Petrol Pump As per requirement 5 Spares Local Vendor As per requirement 6 Chemicals: Sodium Hypochlorite, Caustic soda, Lime Alum Disinfectant Local Vendor As per requirement 7 Personal Protection Equipment Local Vendor As per requirement (PPE) Mode of transport of raw materials and finished products Bio-Medical Waste shall be collected and transported to CBWTF in a fully covered specially designed and dedicated vehicle (as per the guidelines of CPCB). Number of vehicles used will be as per requirement. Page 24

25 Vehicle Specifications:- Separate cabins are provided for driver/staff and for bio medical waste cabin in the vehicle. The base of the waste cabin of vehicle is leak proof and easy to wash. The inner surface of the waste cabin is made of smooth surface to minimize water retention. The vehicles are properly labeled with the symbol of Biohazard as per schedule IV of the BMW (M&H) Rules, 2016 and display the name, address and telephone number of the company. The waste cabin have sufficient opening from rear so that Bio Medical waste can be easily loaded and unloaded. The vehicles are provided with the First Aid Kit to handle emergency situations. Mobile phones are given at all the vehicles for effective supervision and monitoring of collection and transportation work (vii) Resource optimization/recycling and reuse envisaged in the project, if any, should be briefly outlined. Since the project involves the development of Bio-Medical Waste treatment plant, therefore there is nothing to be reuse but only the water used in the process of treatment of Biomedical Waste shall be reused after treatment using ETP and other solid waste viz. glass bottle/plastic waste shall be handed over to authorize recycler thereby ensuring resource optimization. (viii) Availability of water its source, energy/power requirement and source should be given. About five KLD water will be used for the proposed project which is source from Tube well. Page 25

26 (ix) Air Pollution Control System (APCS) It will be for final flue gasses trapping. The unit will further bring down the pollution level in emission within specified limits set out by the Pollution Control Board. The venturi scrubber and droplet separator shall be provided as one unit. A lean concentration of NaOH solution and water will be used to neutralize the flue gasses/solutions. (ix) Power and fuel requirement The estimated power requirement for the proposed project is Approx.25 KVA for operation phase which will be sourced from UPPCL (Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd.) DG Set of 25 KVA is also used as power backup resource. Diesel (HSD) requirement for the project will be vary as per availability of electricity. Source: Nearest diesel pump (x) Manpower Requirement The manpower for the proposed project is as under:- Particulars Nos Engineer (Maintenance) 1 Supervisor 2 Site In charge 1 Security Guard 1 Office attendant 1 Accountant 1 Helper/ Labor 4 Driver 4 Total 15 (xi) Quantity of wastes to be generated (liquid and solid) and scheme for their management/ disposal. There will be generation of solid as well as liquid waste during the operational phase of the project which will be responsibly managed. Water effluents shall be generated from all Page 26

27 sources such as Venturi Scrubber, Floor Washing, Vehicle/ Container Washing etc. and the same shall be treated in ETP and after treatment the treated water shall be recycled and reused in the Quencher as well in Air Pollution Control Device (Venturi Scrubber) and green belt. Solid waste generated will be managed as:- S. No. Process Type of waste Disposal 1 Incineration Incinerated Ash TSDF 2 Autoclaving Sharp Encapsulation Autoclaved/ shredded plastic Through waste recyclers 3 ETP Sludge TSDF authorized All non-chlorinated plastic bags shall be as per BIS standards prevailing Plastic Waste Management Rules. Chemical treatment using at least 10% Sodium Hypochlorite having 30% residual chlorine for twenty minutes or any other equivalent chemical reagent that should demonstrate Log 10 4 reduction efficiency for microorganisms as given in Schedule- III. Mutilation or shredding will be to an extent to prevent reuse. There will be no chemical pretreatment before incineration, except for microbiological, lab and highly infectious waste. Incineration ash (ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste) shall be disposed through hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facility, if toxic or hazardous constituents are present beyond the prescribed limits as given in the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 or as revised from time to time. Dead Fetus below the viability period (as per the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, amended from time to time) can be considered as human anatomical waste. Such waste should be handed over to the operator of common bio-medical waste treatment and Page 27

28 disposal facility in yellow bag with a copy of the official Medical Termination of Pregnancy certificate from the Obstetrician or the Medical Superintendent of hospital or healthcare establishment. Cytotoxic drug vials shall not be handed over to unauthorized person under any circumstances. These shall be sent back to the manufactures for necessary disposal at a single point. As a second option, these may be sent for incineration at common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility or TSDFs or plasma pyrolysis at temperature > C. Residual or discarded chemical wastes, used or discarded disinfectants and chemical sludge can be disposed at hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facility. In such case, the waste should be sent to hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facility through operator of common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility only. On-site pre-treatment of laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples, and blood bags should be disinfected or sterilized as per the Guidelines of World Health Organization or National AIDS Control Organization and then given to the common biomedical waste treatment and disposal facility. Installation of in-house incinerator is not allowed. However in case there is no common biomedical facility nearby, the same may be installed by the occupier after taking authorization from the State Pollution Control Board. Syringes should be either mutilated or needles should be cut and or stored in tamper proof, leak proof and puncture proof containers for sharps storage. Wherever the occupier is not linked to a disposal facility it shall be the responsibility of the occupier to sterilize and dispose in the manner prescribed. Bio-medical waste generated in households during healthcare activities shall be segregated as per these rules and handed over in separate bags or containers to municipal waste collectors. Urban Local Bodies shall have tie up with the common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility to pickup this waste from the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) or from the house hold directly, for final disposal in the manner as prescribed in this Schedule. Page 28

29 STANDARDS FOR INCINERATION- Our Proposed incinerators shall meet the following operating and emission standards A. Operating Standards 1). Combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99.00%. 2) The Combustion efficiency is computed as follows: C.E. = %CO X 100 %CO 2 + % CO 3) The temperature of the primary chamber shall be a minimum of C and the secondary chamber shall be minimum of C + or C. 4) The secondary chamber gas residence time shall be at least two seconds. B. Emission Standards S. Parameter Standards No. (1) (2) (3) (4) Limiting concentration in mg Nm3 unless Sampling Duration in minutes, unless stated stated 1. Particulate matter or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 2. Nitrogen Oxides NO NO2 expressed asno for online sampling or grab sample 3. HCl or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more 4. Total Dioxins and Furans 0.1ngTEQ/Nm3 (at 11%O2) 8 hours or 5NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more Page 29

30 5. Hg and its compounds hours or 1NM3 of sample volume, whichever is more Stack Height: Minimum stack height shall be 30 meters above the ground and shall be attached with the necessary monitoring facilities as per requirement of monitoring of general parameters as notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and in accordance with the Central Pollution Control Board Guidelines of Emission Regulation Part-III. Note: All standards for incineration mentioned above shall be compiled from the date of commissioning of plant 1. Wastes to be incinerated shall not be chemically treated with any chlorinated disinfectants. 2. Ash from incineration of biomedical waste shall be disposed of at common hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility. However, it may be disposed of in municipal landfill, if the toxic metals in incineration ash are within the regulatory quantities as defined under the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 as amended from time to time. 3. Only low Sulphur fuel like Light Diesel Oil or Low Sulphur Heavy Stock or Diesel, Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas or Liquefied Petroleum Gas shall be used as fuel in the incinerator. 4. Monitoring of the stack gaseous emissions (under optimum capacity of the incinerator) will be done once in three months through a laboratory approved under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and record of such analysis results shall be maintained and submitted to the prescribed authority. In case of dioxins and furans, monitoring will be done once in a year. 5. Continuous emission monitoring system for the parameters as stipulated by State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committees in authorization and transmit the Page 30

31 data real time to the servers at State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committees and Central Pollution Control Board will be installed 6. All monitored values shall be corrected to 11% Oxygen on dry basis. 7. Incinerators (combustion chambers) shall be operated with such temperature, retention time and turbulence, as to achieve Total Organic Carbon content in the slag and bottom ashes less than 3% or their loss on ignition shall be less than 5% of the dry weight. 8. Combustion gas analyzer to measure CO2, CO and O2 will be installed. STANDARDS FOR AUTOCLAVING OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE The autoclave should be dedicated for the purposes of disinfecting and treating bio-medical waste. 1. When operating a vacuum autoclave, medical waste shall be subjected to a minimum of three pre-vacuum pulses to purge the autoclave of all air. The air removed during the prevacuum, cycle should be decontaminated by means of HEPA and activated carbon filtration, steam treatment, or any other method to prevent release of pathogen. The waste shall be subjected to the following: 2. Temperature of not less than 121 C and pressure of 15 psi per an autoclave residence time of not less than 45 minutes; or 3. Temperature of not less than 135 C and a pressure of 31 psi for an autoclave residence time of not less than 30 minutes; 4. Medical waste shall not be considered as properly treated unless the time, temperature and pressure indicators indicate that the required time, temperature and pressure were reached during the autoclave process. If for any reasons, time temperature or pressure indicator indicates that the required temperature, pressure or residence time was not reached, the entire load of medical waste must be autoclaved again until the proper temperature, pressure and residence time were achieved. 5. Recording of operational parameters: Each autoclave shall have graphic or computer recording devices which will automatically and continuously monitor and record dates, time Page 31

32 of day, load identification number and operating parameters throughout the entire length of the autoclave cycle. 6. Validation test for autoclave: The validation test shall use four biological indicator strips, one shall be used as a control and left at room temperature, and three shall be placed in the approximate center of three containers with the waste. Personal protective equipment (gloves, face mask and coveralls) shall be used when opening containers for the purpose of placing the biological indicators. At least one of the containers with a biological indicator should be placed in the most difficult location for steam to penetrate, generally the bottom center of the waste pile. The occupier or operator shall conduct this test three consecutive times to define the minimum operating conditions. The temperature, pressure and residence time at which all biological indicator vials or strips for three consecutive tests show complete inactivation of the spores shall define the minimum operating conditions for the autoclave. After determining the minimum temperature, pressure and residence time, the occupier or operator of a common biomedical waste treatment facility shall conduct this test once in three months and records in this regard shall be maintained. 7. Routine Test: A chemical indicator strip or tape that changes colour when a certain temperature is reached can be used to verify that a specific temperature has been achieved. It may be necessary to use more than one strip over the waste package at different locations to ensure that the inner content of the package has been adequately autoclaved. Common bio medical waste treatment facility shall conduct this test during autoclaving of each batch and records in this regard shall be maintained. 8. Spore testing: The autoclave should completely and consistently kill the approved biological indicator at the maximum design capacity of each autoclave unit. Biological indicator for autoclave shall be Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores using vials or spore Strips; with at least 1X10 6 spores. Under no circumstances will an autoclave have minimum operating parameters less than a residence time of 30 minutes, a temperature less than 121 o C or a pressure less than 15 psi. The occupier or operator of a common bio medical waste Page 32

33 treatment and disposal facility shall conduct this test at least once in every week and records in this regard shall be maintained. STANDARDS FOR LIQUID WASTE The effluent generated or treated from the premises of occupier or operator of a common bio medical waste treatment and disposal facility, before discharge into the sewer should conform to the following limits: Parameters Permissible limits ph Suspended solids 100 mg/l Oil and grease 10 mg/l BOD 30 mg/l COD 250 mg/l Bio-assay test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent. Sludge from Effluent Treatment Plant shall be given to common bio-medical waste treatment facility for incineration or to hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facility for disposal. Page 33

34 4.0 SITE ANALYSIS (i) Connectivity S.No. Particulars Name Distance & Directions 1. Nearest town Maholi 1.78 Km (SE) 2. Nearest Highway NH-24 SH Km (NE) 0.83 Km (NW) 3. Nearest Railway Maholi Railway Station 3.06 Km (NE) 4. Nearest Airport Airport ChoudharyCharan Singh, Lucknow 103 Km (SE) (ii) Land Form, Land use and Land ownership The project site is non agriculture land having an area of acre. Land is ownership with promoter at village Chandra Tehsil Maholi dist. Sitapur (UP) The Land use has been made for the installation of CBWTF by the Competent Authority. (iii) Topography (Along with map) The project site is flat. Maholi has an average elevation of 144metres (472ft). The town is located on the left bank of River Kathna. It is about 24 km from its District city Sitapur The project site is completely plain. Page 34

35 SITE Fig: Google Image of project site SITE Fig: Google Image of project site Page 35

36 (iv) Existing land use pattern (agriculture, non-agriculture, forest, water bodies(including area under CRZ), shortest distances from the periphery of the project to periphery of the forests, national park, wild life sanctuary, eco sensitive areas, water bodies (distance from the HFL of the river), CRZ. The site is surrounded by agricultural field. (v) Existing Infrastructure This is a proposed CBWTF project for the treatment of Bio Medical Waste. No infrastructure facilities exist within the area. A well equipped first aid facility is proposed to be available at there. Permanent rest shelter urinal and latrine are proposed. Water will be sourced by tube well Amenities / Facilities will be provided for construction workers by the industry owners. There will be no separate designated temporary sites for construction workers. (vi) Soil Classification The chief varieties of soil are bhur or sand, dumat or loam and matiyar or clay. Bhur is formed along the high banks of rivers and streams, matiyar is found in depressions in the upland while dumat occurs in rest of the district. (vii) Climatic data from secondary sources May and early June form the hottest period of the year. The mean monthly maximum temperature is C and means monthly minimum temperature is C. During March to May the air is least humid with relative humidity high in themorning and less in the evening mean. Monthly morning relative humidity is 70% and mean monthly evening relative humidity is 53%. During monsoon season the winds blow predominantly from east or southeast. The mean wind velocity is 5.6 km./hr. The potential evapotranspiration is mm. (viii) Social Infrastructure Available 1. Railway Station: Nearest railway station is Maholi Railway Station which is at a Page 36

37 distance of 3.06 km towards NE from the project site. 2. Road: Site is well served by a network of metalled and unmetalled road. NH-24 is 1.75 km towards NE direction. 3. Medical Facilities: Medical facility & Hospital facilities are available at Maholi at about 3.5 km N direction. 4. Electricity: The estimated power requirement for the project will be 25 kva for operation phase whch will be sourced from UPPCL. A DG Set of 25 KVA is also used as power backup resource. Diesel (HSD)requirement for the project will be variable as per demand and supply of electricity. 5. Educational Facilities: Primary schools are available at most of the prominent villages in 15 kilometers of the plot area. Govt School for girl and boys are located in the region. 5.0 PLANNING BRIEF (i) Planning Concept (type of industries, facilities, transportation etc.) Town and country Planning/Development authority Classification M/s. Star Pollutech are proposing to setup a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) where Bio-Medical Waste generated by surrounding member health care establishments shall be collected, transported, treated & disposed of as per Bio- Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, At present there are large number of health care units present in Maholi and Sitapur, Lakhimpur, Hardoi, Shahjahpur and they generate huge quantity of BMW daily. In order to manage this quantum of Bio-Medical waste a CBWTF needs to be established. Bio-Medical Waste shall be collected from each and every member HCE of district in different color coded bags/containers. After collecting the waste is transported in closed vehicles to Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility. In Common Bio-Medical Page 37

38 Waste Treatment Facility different types of waste shall be treated in different units (incinerator, Autoclave, Shredder) as applicable to that category. Finally treated waste shall be disposed of as per BMW (M&H) Rules Facilities include temporary rest shelter, first aid center proposed in the area. The project is well connected with road network. Site development is a continuous process at the location. Other facilities such as power, transportation and communication, social infrastructure facilities are locally available near project site. (ii) Population Projection The project will employ most of the workers from nearby areas. Local people from nearby villages will be given preference. Around 15 people will be employed due to the project. (iii) Assessment of Infrastructure Demand (Physical & Social) The development of the CBWTF Plant eventually results in the development of the social infrastructure and also helps in providing employment to the local population. The road facility is already available which shall be used and properly maintained. The project is well connected with state highway and national highway. Clean drinking water and medical facilities will be made available at project area. (iv) Amenities/Facilities The proposed project is located at Village Chandra Tehsil Maholi, Dist. Sitapur (UP) and is well connected through rail and road network. Communication facilities such as post office, telecommunications are available in Sitapur district and in nearby villages. Medical facilities and electricity are available in the all nearby areas including village s town etc. Page 38

39 6.0 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE Proposed amenities The Proposed project is a Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility Plant consisting I. Waste storage area. II. Incineration area. III. Autoclaving area. IV. Shredder area V. Office. (iii) Green Belt Green belt planning shall be made with ecological perspectives for the project taking into consideration and availability of space and other aspects. This will help in increasing the aesthetic effect of the environment. The trees maintain the regional ecological balance and conform to soil and hydrological conditions shall be planted. Green belt shall be provided at the common bio-medical waste treatment facility. Proposed Trees to be planted in the CBWTF Premises:- S. No. Botanical Name Common Name 1 Azadirachtaindica Neem (iv) Connectivity (Traffic and transportation Road/Rail/Metro/Water ways etc.) Railway Station: Nearest railway station is Maholi Railway Station which is at a distance of 3.06 km towards NE from the project site. Road: Project site is well served by a network of metalled and unmetalled road. NH- 24 is 1.75 km towards NE direction. Medical Facilities: Medical facility & Hospital facilities are available nearby. Page 39

40 (v) Drinking Water Management (Source & supply of water) Water required for drinking purpose will be met through bore well and hand pumpapprox 5.0 KLD water will be required for domestic & industrial purposes. (vi) Industrial Waste Management The amount of waste water generated during the CBWTF s operation, Floor washing, Vehicle/ container washing shall be treated using in-house ETP and the Treated water shall be reused in venture scrubber / vehicle washing/ for irrigation in green belt. The effluent treatment plant shall consist of the following Units: 1. Collection Tank 2. Chemical Dosing tank/ disinfection tank 3. Equalization Tank 4. Primary Settling Tank 5. Aeration tank 6. Secondary Settling Tank 7. Collection Tank 8. Activated Dual Media Filter Page 40

41 HOT WATER AND WASTE WATER COLLECTION EFFLUENT CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR DISINFECTION Fig: ETP Flow Chart PRIMARY WATER CLARIFIER AERATION SEDIMENTAION SECONDARY WATER CLERIFIER SLUDGE DRYING BED SLUDGE DISPOSAL TREATED WATER COLLECTION TANK MULTIGRADE FILTER WATER STORAGE TANK GREEN BELT VENTUARY SCRUBBER Page 41