Exam Review Part 1. Energy and Civilization Non Renewable energy, Renewable energy

Transcription

1 Exam Review Part 1 Energy and Civilization Non Renewable energy, Renewable energy

2 Nonrenewable Energy

3 Energy Sources Nonrenewable energy sources = resources are being used faster than can be replenished. Coal, oil, and natural gas Renewable energy sources replenish themselves or are continuously present Solar, geothermal, tidal, wind etc. * 80% of the world s energy needs are met by the nonrenewable fossil fuels

4 History of Energy Consumption

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8 Environmental Issues with Coal: Mining process causes destruction of landscape, subsidence, and waste,(acid mine drainage) Black lung disease, pneumoconiosis Bulky and hard to transport

9 Problems with coal : When burned- air pollution contains sulfur which causes acid rain, and release of CO2 which causes global warming, and pools of acidic water. Oil is better than coal: less damaging to produce, less pollution, more concentrated energy Oil is still bad: expensive, burning gasoline produces CO2 and other air pollutants

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11 The mass production of the automobile changed the way we live. With the end of WWII, soldiers coming home, and the building of Interstate Highways, Suburbs were built and the population moved away from the Cities

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13 Use of the automobile created new industries- Hotels, car parts, gas stations, fast food and convenient stores

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15 History of energy consumption: 5. Reducing automobiles in cities London license plates entering the city are photographed, driver must pay fee, $8/day, by 10 PM Hong Kong electric sensors on cars monitor travel times and fees are assessed, rush hour costs more Singapore sensor inside car automatically deducts money from a cash card when you enter the city Sweden cars in downtown can not move freely from one area to another, only pedestrians can Tokyo you can not buy a car unless you have a proven parking space, which is restricted

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29 Fig. 9.1

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33 Issues Related to the Use of Fossil Fuels

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41 Issues Related to the Use of Fossil Fuels reclamation= land must be restored

42 Resources and Reserves A resource is a naturally occurring substance and can be extracted using current technology.( no matter what the costs) A reserve is a known deposit that can be economically extracted using current technology, Reserves are smaller than resources. Reserve levels change as technology advances, new discoveries are made, and economic conditions vary.

43 Fig. 9.17

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45 Biomass- Converting living materials to energy

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47 Renewable Energy Sources: Biomass Conversion: b) 1 landfill gas, harvest methane gas

48 Renewable Energy Sources: Biomass Conversion: c) 2 agricultural and animal material: ethanol, corn or sugarcane are base source, clean source, but energy is used to grow crop; animal waste digester

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50 BRIQUETTE MADE FROM HAY Biomass briquettes are made of various sorts of raw material including rice husk, bagasse, groundnut shells,

51 Left over food and crops

52 The use of corn to produce ethanol affects food prices

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54 Renewable Energy Sources: 3. Wind power wind turns a turbine to generate electricity, fastest growing energy source Wind turbines in Great Plains states could generate 75% of US power, 2001 California was using 15,000 turbines to produce 370 MW of power.

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57 We are now in a forest of blinking, whirling, whining, flashing towers." Shadow Flicker

58 Wind Farms

59 Bladeless Wind Power: The Windstalk Concept Like Giant Blades of Grass

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62 New Wind Turbine Designs

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64 Solar Power= renewable

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73 Solar Panel on a soldier

74 4. Geothermal power heated groundwater produces steam which is used to generate electricity Renewable Energy Sources:

75 Where Geothermal Energy is Found Volcanoes Hot springs Geysers Where the mantle or molten material is close to the surface

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79 Hydroelectric Power

80 Fig. 9.18b

81 Clean energy Renewable Energy Sources: Tidal Power: Need extreme tidal ranges (at least 5 meters), disrupts the environment, concentrates pollution, expensive to build There is only 1 plant worldwide, facility in France New style of submerged turbines are being developed, they do not disrupt wildlife or sediment migration. A protective fence will keep large mammals out

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84 Changes in the type of light bulbs we use, helps to conserve energy

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