DEEPER IN THE OCEAN. Manuel PUNGO. Oil Production, Processing & Offloading

Transcription

1 DEEPER IN THE OCEAN Manuel PUNGO Oil Production, Processing & Offloading MEP IST 2014

2 AGENDA KEY WORDS AND CONCEPTS FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE SPS AND SURF SYSTEMS FLOW ASSURANCE GIR FIELD: MAIN FEATURES WELL STREAMS PROCESSING OFFLOADING Looking beyond the horizon

3 KEY WORDS & CONCEPTS DEEP / ULTRA DEEP OFFSHORE PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the reservoir through well & XT and convey it to processing or storage plant via pipelines. Extraction or recovery can be called Primary or natural drive. Secondary or artificial lift (WI, GI, GL, pumps, etc) Tertiary or enhanced recovery (Steam, Surfactants tension reducers, Detergents, etc) PROCESSING: Combination of physical and chemical processes allowing separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable. Each of the by products will go through further procedures to meet pre-defined legal, contractual and/or commercial specifications. OFFLOADING / EXPORT: Selling liquid hydrocarbon or gas by loading into tanker or through pipelines

4 FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE FPSO Loading buoy Production loop Riser Umbilical Injection line Manifold Injection well Production well Seabed conditions : P = 140 Bar; T = 4 C Av. Well depth = 1400 m; Fluid: Preservoir: 265 Bar ; Treservoir: 65 C

5 SPS & SURF SYSTEMS Gather and Convey the HC stream up to topsides facilities Allow reinjection of topsides fluids down to reservoir Supply power and hydraulics to power subsea systems Allow MeOH injection and Dead oil circulation System isolation in case of upset LISBON May 2011

6 FLOW ASSURANCE The ability to produce hydrocarbon fluids economically from the reservoir to processing or export plant, over the field life in any environment. FA can be impacted by: Solids: Hydrates, Aspalthenes, Paraffin / Waxes, Sand, Scale Flow behavior: Pour point, velocity, density, specific gravity, emulsion, slugging Material limitation: Corrosion, Erosion, Mechanical strength, thermal performance Reservoir Conditions & Product specifications: BHP, BHT, BSW, Salt, RVP

7 FLOW ASSURANCE (Cont d) ASPHATENES: Complex and heavy aromatic structure, precipitated by change in fluid composition Pressure dominated Depends on fluid specification Clogging low points / Separators Mitigation Thermal Mechanical Chemical PARAFFIN / WAX: Based on heavy saturates C16 to C36 paraffinic and C30 C60Naftenic Solidification (Solid Liquid equilibrium) Temperature dependant (WAT) Widespread but mainly on flow lines Mitigation Thermal (Heating, insulation, etc) Mechanical (Pigging, etc) Chemical (Wax inhibitors)

8 HYDRATES THE NIGHTMARE FORMATION CURVE Hydrate: ice-like structures in which gas, most often CH4, is trapped inside water molecules. PHASES DIAGRAM MITIGATION METHODS HYDRATE PREVENTION DEEP OFFSHORE

9 GIR: MAIN SITE CHARACTERISTICS Key dates & FPSO characteristics 1 st Oil GIR : 4 th of December st tanker loading: 31th of December st Oil ROSA: 31 st march 2007 Dimensions : 300 m x 60 m x 31 m Spread mooring: 16 chain/cable lines Total wet weight: t. Electric power: 3 x 25 MW Oil storage: 2 million barrels Offloading: Via SBM buoy or tandem Living quarters: 180 beds Emergency Evacuation capacity: 240 Pax Flare height : 97 m Production/ treatment capacity Producer wells: 39 (ROSA 14), Water injectors: 24 (ROSA 9) & Gas injectors: 2 Production: BPD (max). Today: BPD. Sea water treatment: BPD. Injection Water: Bar Gas: 8 MNm 3 /d injected / 250 Bar

10 GENERAL PROCESS OUTLINE OIL PROCESSING SEA WATER TREATMENT AND INJECTION GAS PROCESSING AND INJETION / EXPORT PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND REINJECTION OIL STORAGE OIL OFFLOADING BALLASTING / VESSEL STABILITY UTILITIES Power Generation & Distribution Inert Gas (CO2 and N2) Generation Methanol, Diesel & Fresh water Disposal (Open & Closed Drains + Flaring) LISBON May 2012

11 SEPARATION TRAIN Wells and Risers testing Gravity 3 phases separation + Crude oil washing Stabilisation and storage

12 GAS PROCESSING AND INJECTION/EXPORT Handle gas from separators and tanks Provide LP/MP and THP compression capability Provide Gas injection to reservoir Supply gas to LNG plant Supply Gas Lift for artificial lifting of the risers Supply Fuel Gas to power turbines Supply Blanketing gas for storage tanks Processing Steps Liquid Knock out Cooling Compression Dehydration + methanol Injection Export / Injection

13 SEA WATER TREATMENT Lift and process Sea Water Provide Sea Water for injection Supply cooling water Supply Utility water (Reverse Osmoses) Processing Steps Sea water Intake Chlorine Injection Filtration (Coarse, Micro & Nano) Dearation / O2 scavenging Sulphate removal Pumping Injection

14 OIL EXPORT / OFFLOADING Mode: Buoy or Tandem Contractual Laycan and Offloading duration Crude Specifications Quantity: Usually 1000 K bbls Salinity: Up to 60 mg/l BSW: up to 0.01% First or Second Port TANDEM OFFLOADING OFFLOADING BUOY

15

16 MAKING OFF LIFE ONBOARD LISBON May 2012