6.4.1 Water Intensity (litres per US dollar)

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1 Natural Resource Use Indicators in the SDGs For more information, please visit or contact Year SDG Goal 6.4 Increase water-use efficiency Water Intensity (litres per US dollar) 7.2 Increase share of renewable energy 7.3 Improve energy efficiency Renewable energy share in total primary energy supply2 (percentage) Energy Intensity (megajoules per dollar) 8.4 Resource efficiency and decouple economic growth from environmental degradation and Material Footprint Per dollar (kilograms per dollar) % 18.3% ,783 40, , , Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources and Domestic Material Consumption Per dollar (Kilograms per dollar) s of developing countries countries and least developed countries export value s (million dollars) 407,516 s (million tonnes) Unit price of exports (dollars per kilogram) 1.1 3,189,657 2, According to the "Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators", Item 3 (a) of the provisional agenda, Forty-seventh session of the Statistical Commission on 8-11 March 2016 at 2 Share of Renewables and Hydro of the Total Primary Energy Supply. 1

2 Materials Materials are the 'things' that make up the products and infrastructure of our society. They include biomass (crops, livestock, forest products, fish), fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), metals and minerals. These materials underpin human nutrition and health, fuel energy systems and provide the structural base for buildings, transport networks, vehicles and all consumer goods. 8.4 Resource efficiency and decouple economic growth from environmental degradation 12.2 Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources and Material Footprint Per dollar (Kilograms per dollar) and Domestic Material Consumption Per dollar (Kilograms per dollar) 4, ,783 28,833 40, , ,766 33,885 47, IAEG indicator : has a Domestic Material Consumption of 6,766 million tonnes of material per year. It grew by 35% between and. Rest of the world 37.2 % 30,353 million tonnes Asia Pacific 62.8 % 51,287 million tonnes 6,766 China 34,267 Rest of the world 30,353 country Others Indonesia 1,286 2,141 Industrialized country Rest of the world Japan 1,231 Australia 1,132 Pakistan 814 Thailand Viet Nam 601 Philippines 966 South Korea % 22 % $ 481 Malaysia 409 Others 320 3,983 million people 16 trillion dollars $ 46 % 3,361 million people 57 trillion dollars 78 % Material use Unit: million tonnes Population Unit: million people GDP Unit: trillion dollars

3 Domestic Material Consumption IAEG indicator : Import 's Domestic Material Consumption is 6,766 million tonnes. This consists of 6,566 million tonnes extracted from its environment plus the 556 million tonnes imported, less 356 million tonnes exported material. 6,767 m tonnes 556 million tonnes million tonnes 100 million tonnes 6,566 million tonnes Extraction IAEG indicator : Average in the uses 4 kilograms per dollar - this is called Material Intensity. It is 24% lower than other developing Asia and Pacific countries. Units: Kilograms per dollar Material 1 USD 4 IAEG indicator The rise of per capita material footprint (Unit: tonnes per person) Material footprint Singapore Australia South Korea New Zealand Japan China Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Bhutan Thailand Viet Nam Fiji Lao PDR Indonesia Philippines Cambodia Sri Lanka Papua New Guinea Pakistan Nepal Myanmar Afghanistan Bangladesh North Korea What about material footprint per capita in? If we only look at 's material use for its own consumption, and exclude materials used to make exports, then we have the Material Footprint. For, this was 5,783 million tonnes in, less than its Domestic Material Consumption. This is tonnes per capita per year. It is far less than the regional average but grew 27% in the past 5 years alone (Unit: tonnes per person) Material footprint 40 76

4 Energy Energy use is measured with the indicator primary energy supply. This indicator reports the total amount of energy (in joules) available to businesses and households in an economy by summing up domesticallyproduced energy and energy imports and subtracting energy exports. The supply of primary energy may come from different energy sources including coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar and wind. Electricity is only included if it is exported or imported in all other cases it is derived from one of the energy sources already measured. 7.2 Increase share of renewable energy 7.3 Improve energy efficiency Renewable energy share in total 27.4% 29.6% 17.7% 18.32% primary energy supply3 (percentage) Energy Intensity (Megajoules per dollar) IAEG indicator 7.2.1: used 39,072 petajoules of energy in. Of this, 30% was renewable. The amount of renewable energy grew each year, but the amount of non-renewable energy grew faster, therefore the share of renewable energy is decreasing ,786 3,919 15,061 10,908 6,757 5,588 46% 30% 33% ,558 2,658 1, ,216 9,444 Unit: Petajoules Renewables Hydro IAEG indicator 7.3.1: Natural gas Average in the Petroleum Coal Other uses 23 megajoules per dollar. This is lower than the regional average. Units: Megajoules per dollar Energy 1 USD For this report we include "renewables" and "hydro" as renewable energy sources.

5 Trade No country is 100% self sufficient in its resource use. Each country imports products that complement domestic supplies, and exports products to generate export earnings. SDG target calls on developing countries to increase their share of global exports, measured in economic value. Countries may wish to monitor the amount of natural resources that are exported as well as the value. This will determine whether developing countries are able to increase their share of exports by adding value to their natural resource exports or by increasing the physical amount of exports s of developing countries countries and least developed countries export value 269, ,516 2,299,614 3,189,657 s (million dollars) s (million tonnes) 1, , Unit price of exports (dollars per kilogram) Import exported 356 million tonnes of materials in. On a per capita basis, this is 277 kilograms per year million tonnes In the value of exports was $408 billion in total, or $318 per capita, which was lower than the value for developing countries ($844 per capita). The Material Footprint of the exports was 1960 million tonnes in, which was 28% of materials entering into 's economy. 356 million tonnes The unit price for exports was $1.15 per kg, which is lower than the regional average of $1.38 per kg Kg 1.38 = 356 1,960 7,122 Materials exported: 356 million tonnes Materials needed to produce exports: 1,960 million tonnes Materials entering 's economy: 7,122 million tonnes

6 Water Unlike other natural resources, water is often reused multiple times in the same year. Furthermore, the great majority of it is extracted from sources which will replenish themselves naturally, via the hydrological cycle, so issues of its usage are really those of managing a renewable resource flow rather than managing a depleting non-renewable resource stock. The water use indicator presented here reports total fresh water abstractions for use in agriculture, industry and in the residential sector, from all surface and underground sources. Direct rain fed onto crops is not included. The total water withdrawals indicator by itself is not an indicator of water stress as it does not include information on the natural availability of water in the region where withdrawals take place. 6.4 Increase water-use efficiency Water Intensity (litres per US dollar) 608 Average in the IAEG indicator 6.4.1: used 451 liters of water per dollar GDP in. This is far more than the regional average (220 liters per dollar). Units: litres per dollar Water 1 USD Want to know more information? Indicators for Resource Efficient and Green Asia Indicators data UNEP SWITCH-Asia With the support of the SWITCH-Asia Programme of the European Union For further information please contact: Janet Salem Programme Officer, UNEP Bangkok, Thailand janet.salem@unep.org