Making LowEnergy Cities and EcoDistricts Work Experiences from U.S. Cities

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1 Making LowEnergy Cities and EcoDistricts Work Experiences from U.S. Cities 10 th IGBC Green Building Congress October 30-31, 2012, Hyderabad Vatsal Bhatt Brookhaven National Laboratory Presentation Overview Urban Energy Scenario in India BNL/USDOE collaborative activities in India Promoting near-zero energy cities and districts Similar U.S. examples

2 India Urban Energy Outlook Half of humanity now lives in cities, which will be 60% by % of future growth will take place in cities Rapidly growing Indian cities will be home to nearly 40% of Indians by 2021 (UN Habitat 2008). Greenpeace report predicts climate change impacts will force major population movements from coastal cities to inland already over burdened cities (125 million people by 2050). With ambitious development plans and GDP growing between 5 to 10%, India is poised to consume enormous amounts of energy and resulting higher levels of emissions. India can leapfrog to advanced adaptable clean energy technologies in the path towards sustainable development. 3 Funding Needs for Urban India by 2030 $ billion, real 2008 x $ per capita per annum Notes: 1. Net of beneficiary contribution, 2. CapEx= Capital Expenditure, OpEx= Operational Expenditure Five States are likely to be more than 50% urbanized Urban energy demands outpace supply with staggering rationing and frequent blackouts/brownouts Energy costs are driving up with limited resources in cities 4 Source: Sankhe et al, 2010,

3 Energy Consumption in India is Growing Rapidly Clean Energy Investments to address greenhouse-gas emissions will create a global market of $13 trillion by 2050 (IEA 2008) Source: World Energy Outlook 2007, IEA Marching Towards a Low Energy Society India Showing Steady Improvements Climate performance and accountability has significantly increased Countries with effective climate policies and consistently pursuing improvements have seen economic progress Source: Lee et al,

4 Increasing Clean Technology Investment India s Increasing Investments Countries such as India, China, Turkey, Italy and U.S. have increased their investments in clean energy by over 100% in the last five years 7 Source: Lee et al, 2010 India s Energy Activities India has taken a series of initiatives for tackling energy security, climate change and environmental sustainability, including; National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) announced by the Prime Minister in 2008 Integrated Energy Policy developed by the Planning Commission in 2006 Announcements around COP15 e.g. reducing emission intensity by 20 to 25 percent by 2020, compared with 2005 levels India Green Buildings movement

5 Concerted National Missions Sustainable Urban Energy developments can contribute to most of these activities and especially for directed Missions under the NAPCC, like; National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change India-US Collaboration

6 US-India Green Partnership Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Barack Obamalaunched the Green Partnership on November 24, 2009in Washington DC, to combat climate change, ensuring their mutual energy security, working towards global food security, and building a clean energy economy that will drive investment, job creation, and economic growth throughout the 21st 11 century. The two countries agreed on a comprehensive Memorandum of Understanding to enhance cooperation on Energy Security, Energy Efficiency, Clean Energy, and Climate Change. President Obama sindia visit in November 2010 strengthened this versatile partnership. BNL/DOE Facilitated MOUs Atlanta and Ahmedabad in March 2008 legislated energy audit for public water supply and waste water systems developing Green Building Guidelines preparing a Sustainability Plan for 2030 Chicago and Shanghai in September 2010 collaborating on geothermal, solar, green buildings, fuel cell and energy museums Columbus/Franklin County and Hefeiin October 2011 collaborating on electric vehicles, landfills, wetlands and green buildings 12

7 Promoting Low-Carbon Communities Provide DOE Technical Assistance on Energy Planning and Implementation in Cities; Collaborate with National Ministries under Bi-lateral Partnerships US-India Energy Dialogue Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Commerce & Industriesand Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of Power and State and City Governments Promote energy efficiency and renewable energy (EE&RE) in national plans and guidelines Select cities/towns/industrial zones to demonstrate casestudiesfor low-carbon development Infuse EE&RE in city development plans and implementation strategies Near-zero Energy EcoCity Development ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOR ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY 14

8 Integrated EE&RE Planning Principles A city/region consuming substantially low energy and producing at least as much renewable energy as it uses in a year with very efficiently planned and operated sectors, including; buildings, transportation, industries, water supply and sanitation, and; solid waste NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements 1. Integrate existing stock, future availability and accessibility of all resources, sectors, components and subsystems and their interconnection for comprehensive energy planning for the city and surrounding communities 2. Develop efficient, ecologically responsible and compact mixed-use communities with walkable, bikeable and transit oriented transport reducing vehicle miles travelled 3. Design and maintain residential, commercial and public buildings with gradually improving green building standards Construct all new government buildings showcasing green guidelines Designate and incentivize near-zero energy townships and development zones Progressively incorporate improving green guidelines in development regulations California Academy of Sciences LEED Platinum Building with Living Roof Bank of America LEED Platinum Building with ICE Storage for cooling 11/3/ Sources: bustler.com, calacademy.org, sfweekly.com, newyorkcityfeelings.com

9 NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements 4.Promote city and customer utilized renewable energy based on local resource availability, including; photovoltaics, solar thermal, wind, geothermal, biofuels co-generation, landfill gas or waste -water methane local smart grid for integration Concentric Solar Thermal Solar Photovoltaics Solaire-Building Integrated PV Geothermal Rooftop Wind Smart Grid Applications 5.Establish clean and efficient public/private transportation services interconnected with neighborhood no-emission pooled vehicles using locally produced renewable fuels Metro Bus Rapid Transit System Plug-in Hybrids Shared Bikes 11/3/ Sources: gadhia-solar.com, eere.doe.gov, avinc.com, oe.energy.gov, mmrdamumbai.org, ahmedabadbrts.com NearZero Energy Cities - Essential Elements 6.Encourage industrial symbiosis, energy efficiency and green accounting at firm/industry/zone/regional level Individual Industrial Ecology Industrial Ecology Inter-Industry SIR/SEZ Ecology Inter-Regional Industrial Ecology Technology and Process Efficiency Eco efficiency Green accounting at an industry level Life-cycle Analysis Industrial Symbiosis Product Life-cycle Analysis Material, energy and products flows Budgets and cycles 7.Promote energy efficiency and distributed energy/electricity/heat generation from water supply, waste water and solid waste systems; including maximum water and waste recycling Solidwastemethane to energy Waste-water methane to energy 8.Establish management frameworks for effective operation of urban infrastructure and services and develop frameworks for continuous improvements in the plans based on the performance of actual systems 11/3/ Sources: eere.energy.gov, methanetomarkets.org, suratmunicipal.org

10 Strategies for EcoDistricts in Mumbai Focused Strategies for Deploying EE&RE in Mumbai Metropolitan Region Designate Green Zones Guidelines Building Development Guidelines Incentives from MMRDA/City/State EE & RE financing options and funds Work with Banks on setting up low interest financing MNRE/MOUD/BEE/MPSE Funding & Incentives Develop NrZeroEnergy Districts & Showcases

11 Multi-sector EE&RE Strategies for Mumbai Suburbs/Navi Mumbai Some U.S. Examples of Near-Zero Energy EcoDistricts and Campuses

12 West Village University of California, Davis Net-zero Campus Carbon-neutral development Mixeduseneighborhood students & 500 faculty members Green buildings LEED Gold Renewable Energy Central and integrated green transit Integrated circulation network bicycle & pedestrian Master Plan approved in 2003 occupied Fall 2011 Davis Low Carbon Diet Challenge

13 FortZED Fort Collins, Colorado Net-zero Energy District Residential and commercial Downtown Fort Collins, Colorado Clean energy cluster University Research, Utilities and Companies Distributed Renewable energy (20 projects -solar PV, micro wind), smart grid (advanced controls and inverters), microturbines, plug-in-hybrid, energy efficiency (smart buildings, DSM, thermal efficiency) Fosters local innovation, entrepreneurship and jobs 20-30% peak reduction of 45MW Rebates for residential and commercial consumers FortZEDCommunity Challenge Take it to ZERO

14 Treasure Island San Francisco, CA Project Location Source: Arup

15 Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco Treasure Island Wholistic Energy Approach Source: Arup

16 Sustainable Integrated Development at Its Best 100% native or regionally appropriate species used within landscaping Organic waste Processed on-site to generate energy and/or compost Urban agricultural park for 5% energy generated local produce and education through on-site renewables Streets oriented to maximize solar exposure and protect against prevailing winds Adaptive reuse of historic properties 65% of the site is dedicated to parks and open space Homeless or disadvantaged persons to fill 25% of all jobs Efficient infrastructure and utilities 30% of all housing will be affordable Treasure Island Urban form enhances public realm and pedestrian experience High quality, frequent, accessible transit Multimodal transit center Transportation network prioritizes pedestrians, cyclists, and public transit Treasure Island Development Authority Source: Office of Community Investment and Treasure Island Community Development Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco Solar PV Scenarios 5% of Peak Demand Commitment (2%) Business Optimized (33%) Maximum Build Out (56%) Gas Offset (41%) Electricity Offset (100%) Energy Offset (141%)

17 Moving towards Near-Zero Energy Electrical Consumption as a % of CA Energy Code Source: Arup A Transit-First Community Compact and Walkable Homes per acre Convenient Transit Options Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco INTERMODALHUB 15-Min Walk 12-Min Walk 9-Min Walk 6-Min Walk 3-Min Walk WALKING DISTANCE / TIME 3,000 = 10 MIN. WALK (APPROX.) 3-Min Walk 6-Min Walk 9-Min Walk 12-Min Walk

18 INTERMODAL Transportation A Model for Clean, Efficient Mobility Systems 15-minute walk to transit hub mode shift to ferries bike friendly incentives What s changed? Intermodal Transit Hub --- SF MUNI / AC TRANSIT BUS LAYOVER PROPOSED SHUTTLE ROUTES BUS STOPS OPTIONAL EXTENDED WEEKEND ROUTE Treasure Island FERRY TERMINAL FERRY 13 MIN TO SF HUB Bus ever 7 minutes and ferry every 15 minutes during peak hours Source: Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure, City and County of San Francisco Near-zero Carbon Development Source: Arup

19 The Challenge is: Can we scale-up India s Green Building Movement towards achieving NET-ZERO ENERGY EcoCitiesby deploying Energy Efficient and Renewable Energy solutions THANK YOU Brookhaven National Laboratory Contact: VATSAL BHATT (vbhatt@bnl.gov) US Department of Energy