FILE COPS. E662 November 23, 2002 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK. For The Chhattisgarh District Rural Poverty Project

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1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK For The Chhattisgarh District Rural Poverty Project Department of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Government of Chhattisgarh, Raipur E662 November 23, 2002 November 23, 2002 FILE COPS

2 1.Introduction The District Poverty Reduction Project aims at poverty alleviation in all the 16 districts of Chhattisgarh using a strategy that takes precaution that the environment is not negatively impacted while addressing the needs for socio-economic well being of the people. The issue to be addressed in the Environmental Strategy for District Poverty Reduction Program is how environmental damage can be avoided or reduced so as to ensure that development initiatives and their benefits are sustainable. The directive of environmental management should be to achieve the greatest benefit presently possible for the use of natural resources without reducing their potential to meet future needs and the carrying capacity of the environment. Environmental Strategy for the District Poverty Reduction Program aims at predicting the environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, finding ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. Some environmental problems may appear to be insignificant when considered within an individual proposal but might have adverse consequences if the effects of all such proposals are added together (cumulative effects). The aim is to prevent the impact of individually harmful sub projects or environmental degradation as a result of either the cumulative effect of many small DPIP investments that individually have negligible impact. Also by carrying out environmental analysis before the implementation of the project, environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations. 2. Project Area All the 16 districts of Chhattisgarh have been selected under DPRP. Of these, Raipur, Dhamtari, Mahasamund, Durg, Rajnandgaon, Kawardha, Bilaspur, Janjgir Champa, Korba, Raigarh and part of Bastar come under the agro-climatic zone Chhattisgarh Plains, Batar, Kanker and Dantewada come under the Bastar Plateau and Sarguja and Koriya come under the Northern Hill Region of Chhattisgarh. The project area does not include any National Parks in the state of Chhattisgarh. 3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) While EIA has been primarily practised in industrialised countries as a project-oriented planning tool, the evolving concept of sustainable development has highlighted the need for the role of EIA to be expanded and for other techniques, such as strategic environment assessment, to be developed to complement the procedure. With these types of issues in mind the International Study of the Effectiveness of Environmental Assessment was launched in 1993 as a joint initiative of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency and the Intemational Association of Impact Assessment to: * review recent trends, key issues and emerging directions for environmental assessment; * examine the contribution of environmental assessment to problem-solving and decision-making;

3 * identify and document elements of environmental assessment systems that work well; and * recommend cost-effective measures for improving the application and management of environmental assessment. One of the outcomes of the two-year process of review, consultation and discussion during the International Study has been the identification of a series of core values, guiding principles and operating principles for the practice of EIA. EIA - Three core values * sustainability - the EIA process will result in environmental safeguards * integrity - the EIA process will conform to agreed standards * utility - the EIA process will provide balanced, credible information for decisionmaking EIA - Eight guiding principles * participation - appropriate and timely access to the process for all interested parties * transparency - all assessment decisions, and their basis, should be open and accessible * certainty - the process and timing of assessment should be agreed in advance and followed by all participants * accountability - decision-makers are responsible to all parties for their actions and decisions under the assessment process * credibility - assessments are undertaken with professionalism and objectivity * cost-effectiveness - the assessment process and its outcomes will ensure environmental protection at the least cost to society * flexibility - the assessment process should be able to adapt to deal efficiently and effectively with any proposal or decision-making situation * practicality - the information and outputs provided by the assessment process are' readily usable in decision-making and planning EIA should address, wherever necessary or appropriate: * all related and relevant factors, including social and health risks and impacts * cumulative and long-term, large-scale effects * design, locational and technological alternatives to the proposal being assessed * sustainability considerations including resource productivity, assimilative capacity and biological diversity EIA should result in: * accurate and appropriate information as to the nature, likely magnitude and significance of potential effects, risks and consequences of a proposed undertaking and alternatives to it * the preparation of an impact statement or report that presents this information in a clear, understandable and relevant form for decision-making, including reference to qualifications, confidence limits in the predictions made * ongoing problem solving and conflict resolution to the extent possible during the application of the process

4 EIA should provide the basis for: * environmentally sound decision-making in which terms and conditions are clearly specified and enforced * the design, planning and construction of acceptable development projects that meet environmental standards and resource management objectives * an appropriate follow-up process with requirements for monitoring, management, audit and evaluation that are based on the significance of potential effects, the uncertainty associated with prediction and mitigation, and the opportunity for making future improvements in project design or process application 4. The Process of Environmental Assessment The environmental assessment for this project will focus on the linkages between the project activities and the surrounding environment. It will first examine how the project might affect human resource and stocks of natural resource, and then consider what measures might be introduced to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of the project. 4.1 Screening- This involves a broad analysis of the impacts of project activities with a view to identifying those which will entail a detailed study. Screening would be undertaken at the time of project identification. Environmental screening helps to determine the choice of EA instruments, depending on the needs of the project. Based on the location, the type of activities in the sub-project, the range of impacts and their magnitudes and the availability or absence of mitigatory measures, four Categories of sub-projects have been identified and four categories of environmental assessment suggested for these Category D: The proposed sub-project doesn't depend on or use any natural resource directly (such as water, forests, grazing land, soil, etc) and more importantly doesn't adversely impact any natural resource (such as ground water depletion, soil erosion, and loss of Biodiversity). A detailed environmental assessment is not required for sub-projects in this category (such as a sub-project on tailoring). However, depending on feasibility, some proactive environmental interventions may be included. Category C: The proposed sub-project has either marginal or short-term impact on the natural resources or environment (such as a small scale cooking operation that consumes fuel wood). Projects, which have moderate environmental impacts for which standard mitigative measures may be applied. In such cases Environmental Review is suggested. Category B: If the proposed project has a significant or irreversible or long-term negative impact (such as bore well leading to depletion of ground water), Limited Environmental Assessment is suggested. Category A: If the proposed sub-project has a severe adverse environmental impact, that cannot be mitigated within a feasible timeframe and budget, Environmental Impact Assessment is suggested. However, the probability of such sub-projects emerging is very less. In case such a sub-project does emerge, it will most likely be rejected, as mitigation would demand time and resources beyond that available for a sub-project. Category C assessment will be done by the PFT and the CIG.

5 Category B assessment will be done by at the district level by the District Environment Team (DET) Category A assessment will be commissioned by the State Project Monitoring Unit in consultation with the Environment Agency. Besides this a negative list of subprojects is attached in Annex 1. It is suggested that the projects included in the list not be supported in DPRP. 4.2 Assessment of Potential Impacts of Sub-projects After classifying the sub-project and ensuring that it does not belong to the negative list, the PFT/ District'Environment Team proceeds to use the appropriate assessment tools. Category D: No detailed environmental assessment is necessary. However, efforts should to enhance the positive impacts of such projects. Category C: If the screening indicates that Environmental Review is required, the PFT is to refer the subproject to the DET who will use the Environmental Review tools to determine measures to mitigate the impacts of the sub-project, if it is decided to proceed with the subproject. Category B: If the screening indicates that a Limited Environmental assessment is required, the PFT will refer it to the DET. The DET will refer to Annex 3 determine (i) whether or not to proceed with the sub-project (ii) measures to mitigate the impacts of the sub-project, if it is decided to proceed with the sub-project. Category A: If the screening indicates that EIA is required, the PFT will refer it to the DPSU. The DPSU will forward the sub-project for assessment to the SPU. The SPU will issue a contract in consultation with the Environment Agency for a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment of the sub-project. 4.3 Documentation On the basis of above, the Environmental Appraisal Report will be prepared which will include the project location, project description, identification and prediction of impacts, analysis of impacts, clearly stated and argued recommendations for immediate action and a list of altematives with comments on the economic impacts of each. At a minimum the document should contain: i) A description of the proposed activity; ii) A description of the potentially affected environment, including specific information necessary for identifying and assessing the environmental effects of the proposed activity; iii) A description of practical alternatives as appropriate; iv) An assessment of the likely or potential environmental impacts of the proposed activity and alternatives, including the direct, indirect, cumulative, short-term and v) long-term effects;

6 vi) An identification and description of measures available to mitigate adverse environmental impacts of the proposed activity and alternatives, and an assessment of those measures; vii) An indication of gaps in knowledge and uncertainties which may be encountered in compiling the required information; 5. Administrative Structure for Environmental Assessment of DPRP Sub Projects Preliminary activities would include the appointment of an Environmental Agency. It will be responsibility of the Environmental Agency to: * Train the'district environment team to carry out Environmental Assessments of projects requiring ER and LEA. * Monitor implementation of the EMF and keep abreast of the changing environmental con * cerns and inform the SPU and DETs accordingly. * Develop standard mitigatory measures for the common sub-project types * Carry out EIAs of sub projects where requested by the SPU or draft the ToR for EIAs and facilitate the process of hiring an independent agency for EIA. * Carry out supervision of at least 5% of all subprojects and at least 10% of subprojects requiring LEA/ EIA. The sequence of activities involved in environmental appraisal of the sub project is illustrated below: I) The sub project is identified by the CIGs and formulated in consultation with the PFT. 2) A prescribed pro forma, the green form or the environmental clearance application (Annex 1) is filled by the CIGs with the help of PFT. 3) PFT screens the sub-projects based on checklist for Screening of Subprojects (Annex 2 and 3). 4) In case the screening indicates that Environmental Review is required, the prescribed application pro forma along with proposed mitigation plan (Annex 5.2) is filled by the PFT on the basis of Environmental Review Guidelines (Annex 5.1) and submitted to the DPSU, to be cleared at their level. Once the projects are cleared on the basis of Environmental Review, the PFT will ensure the compliance of mitigatory measures. 5) In case the screening checklist indicates that a project requires LEA, then the prescribed form (Annex 6.2) should be filled out by the CIGs with the help of PFT on the basis of LEA guidelines (Annex 6.1) and submitted to the DPSU. 6) DPSU will appoint the DET trained by the Environmental Agency to conduct the LEA. 7) For sub-projects that require an EIA the PFT will inform the DPSU which will convey the information to the SPSU. The SPSU in consultation with the Environment Agency will decide on the steps for having the EIA conducted. 8) All the project proposals with application for EIA should be forwarded to the Environmental Agency within a week after receiving the application 6. Training

7 Training programmes to equip the DPSU staff members (responsible for facilitating implementation of the EMF) and the DET members and PFT members in using the environmental assessment tools will be organized by the Environment Agency. A session on the EMF will be part of the induction training for the CIGs. Each PFT will organize environmental awareness programmes for the communities at least once every year. For detailed course content, course duration and costs of training refer to Annex Environmental Supervision and Monitoring Environmental supervision would be carried out at two levels. At the district level, as part of their overall supervisory responsibilities, the DPSU staff would be required to verify that PFTs are cotrectly using EMF guidelines and outputs, and the environment mitigation measures prescribed in the approved sub-project are implemented. These supervision reports would be submitted to the Environment Agency for review of the EMF implementation. At the state level, the Environment Agency will conduct six-monthly supervision of the EMF, selecting a sample of subprojects from different categories of environmental assessment. It is the responsibility of the Environment Agency to remain abreast of the changing environmental conditions and emerging environmental concerns in the project areas. The EA will constantly be involved in collecting information from various departments of the Government and civil society sources. On the basis of the information, the Environment Agency will recommend revisions to the EMF and highlight local concerns to the DPSUs. 8. Budget A budget of Rs. 15 million will be set aside in the project for the purpose of implementing the Environmental Management Framework. This will be spread across Training, hiring of the Environmental Agency and the assessment activities. The detailed breakup of Budget For Environment Capacity Building and Consultancy Fees is as follows. Cost Head Amount INR Training component Course l: Environmental Awareness Raising For DPIP beneficiaries Course II: Basic environmental screening and mitigation for PFT members Course III: Limited Environmental Assessment for District Environment Team Course IV: Environmental Management Framework for SPSU and DPSU Staff Course V: Environmental Impact Assessment for Environmental Consultants Consultancies Consultancy Fee for Environmental Agency Consultancy Fee for EIA Consultants Total

8 Annexures 1: Environmental Clearance Application (Green Form) 2: Guidelines for Screening of Sub-projects 3: Generic List of Sub-projects and Environmental Assessment Categories 4: Negative List of Sub-projects 5: Format and Guidelines for Environmental Review (ER) of Sub-Projects 6: Format and Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) of Sub-Projects 7: Natural Resources to be Impacted, Nature of Impact and Indicators 8: Dam Safety Plan 9: Training and Capacity Building for the Environment Management Framework of DPRP

9 Annex 1: Environmental Clearance Application (Green Form) 1) Present Land Use: (Forest/ Wasteland/ Grazing Land/ Fallow Land/ Agricultural Land/ Government Land/ Private Land/ Any other specify) 2) Likely Impacts i) Land: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Soil drosion/ Land slide/ Contamination of soil through accumulation of waste material, Degradation of productive agricultural land, Contamination of soil due to use of fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides, Loss of grazing land, any other specify) ii) Water: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Increase in runoff, Increased sedimentation into streams, Loss of fishery, Creation of stagnant water pool or water logging, Water pollution including contamination of surface or ground water, Water pollution due to use of fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides, Contamination of drinking water, Contamination by livestock, poultry, Problems of waste water disposal, Overexploitation of aquifers leading to ground water depletion, Clogging of drainage, any others specify) Ili) Air Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Dust during construction, due to movement of vehicles, Increased air pollution due to use of polluting fuels, Increased pollution due to burning of waste, Pollution due to increased vehicular traffic, agricultural equipments, tractors, diesel pumps etc.) (Iv) Noise: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Increase in noise levels during construction or operation) (v) Odour: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Increased odour) (vi) Solid waste (Solid waste generation, problem of garbage disposal) (vi) Flora and Fauna' Yes/ No If Yes, specify

10 (Disruption of natural habitats of flora and fauna, Loss of vegetation, Disruption and destruction of vegetation, wildlife, Threat to rare and endangered species, Encroachment in ecologically sensitive areas) (vii) Aesthetics: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Marred landscapes, debris) (viii) Historical Cultural Sites. Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Disturbance to and degradation of Historical and Cultural sites) (ix) Health: Yes/ No If Yes, specify (Increased chances of accidents, Transport of hazardous substances, Health hazard from improper waste disposal, Emission of methane or other noxious chemicals, Risk of water borne diseases, Mosquito breeding due to stagnant water around the project site, Spread of disease from animal vectors, Toxicity from pesticides 3. Mitigatory Measures

11 Annex 2: Guidelines for Screening of Sub-projects Step 1: Identify natural resources impacted by the sub-project Identify the natural resources proposed to be used, the nature of impacts, including whether short or long-term impact, from implementation of the proposed sub-project. Name of the sub project:... :. Resources to be used eg. Soil/grasses/forest lands Nature of impacts eg.: short term; reversible; medium to long term; irreversible; impacts on health, natural resources etc. Source of information and method: Information on resources to be used and nature of impact could be obtained by discussion with village community, field visit and observation in a location where a similar project activity was implemented and finally by consulting the experts at the district level. Step II: Decision on level of environmental assessment The decision on level of environment assessment to be adopted depends on the extent of dependence or use of natural resources, extent of impact on the resources, nature of impact such as short or long-term impact, possibility to mitigate the impacts. Three levels of environmental assessment are suggested: No Review: The proposed sub-project doesn't depend on or use any natural resource directly (such as water, forests, grazing land, soil, etc) and more importantly doesn't adversely impact any natural resource or health (such as pollution, ground water depletion, soil erosion, and loss of Biodiversity). Environmental Review (ER): The proposed sub-project has either marginal or short-term impact on the natural resources or health. Even if a project has only positive or beneficial impact (such as soil and water conservation), it is necessary to ensure the positive impacts. Thus Environmental Review is suggested. Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA): If the proposed project has large adverse impact or irreversible or long-term negative impact (such as bore well leading to depletion of ground water). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): If the proposed sub-project has a severe adverse environmental impact, that cannot be mitigated within a feasible timeframe and budget, EIA is suggested. This is a detailed assessment that would be carried out by the Environmental Agency or an independent agency contracted by the State Project Unit.

12 Annex 3: Generic List of Sub-projects and Environmental Assessment Categories Category D Sub projects Natural Remarks Resource Used Bamboo skill Bamboo Programme component is only training i.e., development skill development. Training should include sustainable extraction of bamboo Mike set and lighting It is a business. Usage of energy efficient unit ' lighting should be encouraged Jeep Diesel Diesel is not a local resource. The number of jeeps proposed, even under different subprojects, is not likely to be large. However, a check on the number is required. Readymade garments/ Nil No natural resource usage. cloth business Rickshaws Nil It is a service sector enterprise using human labour. Skill development on Nil Programme component is only training i.e., tailoring skill development. Business (Tamarind / Nil Programme component is marketing. May Vegetable / Amla / Dal emphasize on sustainable extraction. and oil / Ground nut /petty shop /fish) Tent House Nil Programme component is service. Band set Nil It is a service sector enterprise. Bullock carts Nil It is a service sector enterprise. Candle making unit Fuel wood Insignificant fuel consumption because it is low temperature heating Category C: (Environmental Review) Sub Projects Natural Resource Potential Positive Potential Negative Impacted Impacts Environmental Impacts (minor/short-term) Agarbathi Human health Impact on health from making harmful chemicals if no protection Bamboo Bamboo Over extraction of bamboo products unit Creche/ Child Health and hygiene Improved health, if Adverse impact on health if care centre sanitation and sanitation and drinking drinking water water are not provided provided Irrigation canal Soil If soil water Enhanced soil erosion, conservation water loss and water practices logging

13 implemented Dairy Grazing land and Improved fertilizer Over grazing crop land value of dung if Adverse effect on composted regeneration Conserving Poor health if sanitation fuelwood if biogas facility absent in cattle shed is used for cooking Community Water Exotic species of fish may pisciculture harm native fish species Excessive feed may cause eutrophication in small ponds Community Soil Use of pesticides vegetable growing Land Land and soil Conserves soil and Wrong practices may lead development moisture and to soil erosion and loss of prevents erosion moisture holding capacity Construction of Livestock Improved hygiene If no proper waste sheds for animals population conditions collection and disposal, poor sanitation results NTFP collection Trees and other Over harvesting, affects plants regeneration, tree growth and health Food making Tree wood Wood / Tree depletion Wood chips Trees If wood harvested noncutting sustainably or over extraction leads to tree depletion Poultry farms Soil Poultry waste as manure Bullocks Grazing land and Improved fertilizer Over grazing crop land value of dung Adverse effect on regeneration of forests Biogas for cooking leads to conserving fuelwood Godown Soil Loss of top soil construction to store forest produce Paddy cultivation Soil and water Use of pesticides usage Over irrigation leads to salinization Goat rearing Grazing lands/ Excessive grazing can cause forests degradation if mitigatory measures are not undertaken; a check on the cumulative impacts is necessary

14 Category B: Limited Environmental Assessment Sub Projects Natural Resource Depletion or Potential Long-term Resource Degradation Impacted Brick making Soil Loss of fertile soil Loss of top soil Wood or fuel Loss of tress Bore well Ground water Ground water depletion Loss of ground water Minor Water Loss of water Water submergence Irrigation Tank Soil Loss of soil for Enhanced soil erosion Land embankment Loss of land Lift Irrigation Water Ground water decline if Loss of ground water (Open well bore well or Water level decline if open Bore well) well Check dams Land and Prevents soil erosion Land submergence water Improved percolation of water Category A: Environmental Impact Assessment This is for sub-projects, which are likely to have very serious negative impact on the environment, and for which an EIA will be required.

15 Annex 4: Negative List of Sub-projects It is recommended that the following sub-projects must not be supported through Chhattisgarh DPRP 1. Environmental Assessment Any sub-project not screened for Environmental impacts. 2. Forests and wildlife Any sub-projlect that is likely to cause damage to wildlife, or likely to cause damage to a sanctuary by setting fire, injuring wildlife, or involves indiscriminate felling of trees or involves removal of plant, animal or mineral produce from a sanctuary. Any sub-project located within a national park 3. Concerning Dams Any sub-project that involves construction of a dam (old or new) of I Ometres or more height. 4. Concerning Agriculture Any agricultural sub-project that does not incorporate integrated pest management (IPM) approaches Any agriculture sub-project that intends to use banned pesticides, agrochemicals in WHO Classes IA, IB and II Any subproject that involve manufacturing, sale, stocking, distribution or exhibiting for sale insecticides without a licence Any sub-project that involves intensive aquaculture including harvest of fish/shrimp seed from the wild, pumping of saline water, conversion of prime agricultural land into aquaculture ponds 5. Miscellaneous Any subproject that involves promotion of or desecration of a religion or a religious place or cultural property.

16 Annex 5: Format and Guidelines for Environmental Review of Sub-Projects 5.1 Guidelines for Environmental Review Environment Review will involve seeking information on the resources to be used and impacted, type or nature of impact, what indicators could be used to assess impacts, can the impacts be measured, if the impacts are negative can the adverse impacts be minimized or avoided. Source of Information and Methods: Information needed (as given in the format below) could be obtained from i) CIG members (and village community or farmers or artisans), ii) field visit to a location where a similar project has been implemented, iii) reference to technical literature and iv) experts in the relevant field at the district level. Given the wide range of potential projects and impacts, it is difficult to suggest specific methods. However, a sample of the types of impacts, indicators for assessing the impacts and method for assessment are given in Appendix I (at the end of this section). It is very important to obtain the opinion and perspective of local community or persons who are likely to be impacted by the implementation of the project.

17 5.2 Format for Environmental Review Sub project:... Information required on 1. Resources to be used What resources will be used for the sub-project (for initiating the sub-project, during implementation of the sub-project, etc.)? Ex: soil, tree leaves, groundwater, fuel Discuss with community 2. Resources to be impacted What resources will be impacted? Ex: soil, ground water, open well water, tree leaves, grass, etc. Discuss with community 3.Type of impact What type of impact: * Positive or negative * Depletion of resources or degradation of resource * Long-term or short-term Discuss with community and project staff 4. What are the indicators of What indicator can be used? impact? Discuss with project staff Refer technical literature 5. Quantification of impact Can the impact be - Is it possible? measured, if yes, what can - If no, opinion of be measured village community Discuss with community 6. If impact is positive, What activities or practices what needs to be done to should be stressed to ensure ensure it? positive impacts Discuss with community and project staff 7. If negative impact, is it Possibility to minimize or possible to mitigate? avoid negative impacts Discuss with community and project staff 8. If yes, what mitigation Improved technology / measure could be practices suggested? Discuss with community and project staff 9. Indicators for mitigation List indicators for improved measures technology / practices Discuss with community and project staff Record observations here

18 Annex 6: Format and Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) of Sub-Projects 6.1 Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) If the sub-project needs LEA, adopt the following procedure, which is only an elaboration of the procedure adopted for ER. Under this approach, more detailed or intensive quantitative methods could be adopted to evaluate the potential impacts, to enable decision on the project. Projects that need LEA are likely to have significant and medium to long-term impact on natural resources. Thus, the impacts have to be quantitatively assessed and mitigation measures integrated into the recommendations on the sub-project. If the impacts are long-term and irreversible, an alternate subproject providing the same or similar service or benefit needs to be suggested. Source of Information and methods: As the impacts are likely to be adverse and long-term, systematic and scientific measurement of impacts may be necessary. The types of impacts, examples of indicators and methods for different resources are given in Appendix-I at the end of this section. Methods could include: i) Participatory approach ii) Field visit and observation iii) Technical or scientific measurement of indicators iv) Consultations with experts

19 6.2 Format for Limited Environmental Assessment Sub-project.... Information required on 1. Resources to be used What resources will be used for the sub-project (for initiating the sub-project, during implementation of the sub-project, etc.)? Ex: soil, tree leaves, groundwater, fuel Discuss with community 2. Resources to be impacted What resources will be impacted? Ex: soil, ground water, open well water, tree leaves, grass, etc. Discuss with community 3. Type of impact What type of impact: * Positive or negative * Depletion of resources or degradation of resource * Long-term or short-term Discuss with community and project staff 4. What are the indicators of What indicator can be used? impact? Discuss with project staff Refer technical literature 5. Measurement of Refer to methods suggested indicators - Methods for similar indicators in appendix or to other similar projects with similar impacts. 6. Quantification of impacts Use methods suggested as above to measure the indicators Consult community 7. If impact is short term, Mitigation measures what is the mitigation Discuss with community measure suggested? and project staff 8. If impact is long-term, Mitigation measures what is the mitigation Discuss with community measure needed? and project staff 9. If difficult to mitigate Alternate sub-project or what alternate practice technology/practice could be suggested Discuss with experts Record observations and measurements here

20 Annex 7: Natural Resources to be Impacted, Nature of Impact and Indicators Natural resource Impact Indicator Methods and health Soil Soil erosion Gravel exposure Field observation Gully formation Soil extraction Depth and area of soil Observation and extraction measurement Soil conservation Soil conservation Observation of measures implemented presence of soil l conservation structures Soil pollution Presence of toxic chemicals Laboratory test Water Ground water depletion Depth of bore wells Measurement of water level Loss of water in open well Depth of water in open Laboratory analysis wells Water pollution affecting health Presence of coliform Field Observation bacteria Water logging High water table (water below soil Survey surface) Availability of drinking Survey water Human effort for collecting water. Presence of taps Forest Forest loss/ clearing Area of forest cleared Area estimate forests or converted Number of trees and Counting or species felled estimation of trees felled Over lopping of trees Percentage of trees Counting of damaged with crown damage trees / ha Loss of biodiversity No of species and Counting of number species wise density of plants of different Trees species per hectare. Medicinal plants Counting tree Absence of Percentage of trees in seedlings in different regeneration tree girth range < 5 tree girth classes cm, 5-10cm,> 10cm..

21 Annex 8: Dam Safety Plan I. In the Chhattisgarh DPRP, there are sub-projects proposed for funding under the Community Investment Fund (CIF) component. Some of these sub-projects are water retention structures / dams, which are relevant in the context of the Bank's Operational Policy OP 4.37 Safety of Dams. This Dam Safety Plan has been prepared to ensure that the provisions of the Bank's Operational Policy are met by the project. 2. As this project is going to adopt a community demand driven approach, the sub-projects that will be undertaken cannot be specified with certainty upfront. Drawing from the MPDPIP implementation experience so far, the possible sub-projects are as follows: * Masonry Check Dams: These are for the purpose of diversion of irrigation water. * Rehabilitation, re-sectioning and unsilting of village tanks for irrigation and water supply. * Construction of earthen tank for minor irrigation (usually less than 100 acres) Negative list 3. No sub-project involving a dam (existing or new) of lom high or more will be permitted. Sub-project Design & Construction Management Principles 4. For dam sub-projects below 10 m, the project will follow a Design and Construction Manual for check dams (and other water retention structures), which includes the following: * Design guidelines on determining the dam sizes, sizing of reservoir capacity and other salient design features. * Design guidelines on how to provide for adequate spillways. * Design guidelines for deciding the appropriate downstream slope. * Construction guidelines for an earth filling procedure. * Other generic dam safety measures. 5. The design of the dam sub-projects would be done by qualified engineers. Training 6. Whenever there are dam sub-projects, beneficiaries will be given training by qualified engineers. This training will focus on the maintenance of the dam sub-projects and will be organized by the concemed DPSU. Monitoring 7. For each dam sub-projects, the DPSU will ensure that the engineers who designed the dam revisit the sites during the initial filling of the reservoirs and suggests appropriate remedial measures in case any abnormal behaviour is observed.

22 Records 8. All design and construction reports will be available in print and will be maintained as records for future reference. These will be retained during the project period in the respective DPSU and, subsequently, with an appropriate authority.

23 An'nex 9: Training and Capacity Building for the Environment Management Framework of DPRP Course I: Environmental Awareness Raising For DPRP Beneficiaries Ultimately, the prevention of environmental damage and promotion of environmental improvements under the DPRP will depend on the enthusiasm and understanding of the subproject beneficiaries. Environmental awareness raising modules shall help in wider DPRP grass-roots publicity and information & communicational effort. Course content These modules shall highlight the need for environmental protection, and promote activities for environmental improvement that may be supported by the DPRP. The use of creative mechanisms for grass-roots communication, such as theatre, will be considered with the guidance of the SPSU and DPSU training experts. Environmental Awareness Raising module will be integrated into the orientation and sensitization module of the CIGs. The PFTs will focus an orientation specifically on this subject Total course duration The course shall be of half-day duration. Cost of training Assumptions: * There are CIG members attending the training * This is for the entire project period of 5 years * The training will be for 4-5 hours * Cost of the training including boarding, training material, stationery will be Rs.20 per person. Total cost based on above assumption = Rs29,15,140 ( x 20)

24 Course II: Basic Environmental Screening and Mitigation For PFT Members To enable the PFT member to effectively apply the Environmental Review Guideline (ERG), the Environmental Agency shall prepare and deliver courses on Basic Environmental Screening and Mitigation. In this course, the most fundamental environmental issues and problems that can be expected in a given project will be described and the standard mitigation measures will be taught. This course will be integrated with the Module 4' of the PFTs Course content The course shall be tailored to emphasize local environmental issues. The PFT member will be trained with a practical orientation to carry out ERG for the sub-projects. It is best to have a small batch for the training which does not exceed 25 members. Total course duration The course shall be of one day. Cost of training Assumptions: No of PFTs = 40 No of members per PFT = 5 No of days of training = I day No of trainings per year = I; Therefore no. of trainings for 5 years = 5 Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/- Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 15,00,000 (40 x 5 x I x 5 x 1500) Refer to training and capacity building strategy paper

25 Course III: Limited Environmental Assessment for District Environmental Teams To enable the District Environment Team Members to effectively carry out the Limited Environment Assessment, the environmental issues and problems that can be expected in a given project will be described and the steps involved in conducting the LEA taught. Course content The course contains an orientation to the basic tenets of Limited Environment Assessment. 1) The local environmental issues of concern and impact of the sub-project on theme 2) Steps involved in conducting the LEA study The course shall be tailor-made district wise to incorporate local environmental issues of concern. J Total course duration The course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 32 participants in a single batch. Location The course will be conducted at the state level. Cost of training Assumptions: No of DET members sent for training = 2. No of days of training = 2 days No of trainings during the project period = 2 Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/- Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 1,92,000 (32 x 2 x 2 x 1500)

26 Course IV: Training in Environmental Management Framework for SPSU and DPSU Staff To ensure that DPIP staff at the district and state levels understand the objectives of the Environmental Management Framework (EMF), and are equipped to implement it effectively, the EA will prepare and deliver courses for DPSU and SPSU personnel. Line department staff at district level will be consulted for subproject preparation and implementation. Apart from them, the Project Directors and the Project offices also can be trained in order to have a check on the technical committee. This course has to be given to following people SN Personal/Designation Level Number I Project Coordinator SPSU I Co-ordinator Human Resources 1 2 District Project Manager (lx16) DPSU 16 Project Coordinators (2x16) 32 Members from district line 3 departments (3) Therefore, the total number of trainees for this course shall be 53. Course content These courses shall cover all elements of the EMF, including ER, LEA and EIA, as well as the environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing requirements. Total course duration The course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 26 participants in one batch. Location The course will be conducted at the state level. Cost of training Assumptions: No of DPSU and SPSU members to be trained= 53. No of days of training = 2 days No of trainings during the project period = I Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/- Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 1,59,000 (53 x 2 x I x 1500)

27 Course V: Environmental Impact Assessment for Environmental Consultants One of the duties of the Environmental Agency will be to compile a list of approved environmental consultants from which the DPSUs may select experts to conduct EIAs. In addition to appropriate qualifications and experience, it will be a pre-condition for inclusion in the approved list that environmental consultants attend a short course on the application of the ElAs. The project will support one training for the consultants. Course content The course contains an orientation to the basic tenets of Environmental Impact Assessment. 3) The local environmental issues of concern and impact of the sub-project on theme 4) Steps involved in conduction the EIA study The course shall be tailor-maid district wise to incorporate local environmental issues of concern. Total course duration The course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 20 participants in a single batch. Location The course will be conducted at the state level. Cost of training Assumptions: No of consultants to be trained per district = 2. No of days of training = 2 days No of trainings during the project period = 1 Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1000/- Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 64,000 (32 x 2 x I x 1000)

28 FINAL REPORT on PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS For The Chhattisgarh District Rural Poverty Project Department of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Government of Chhattisgarh, Raipur November 23, 2002

29 Consultations were conducted in three phases Phase I-March 19-20, 2002 * Intensive workshop with NGOs, MPDPIP, NGOs form CG and others, Govt officials. Phase I1-August 25-26, 2002 * Consultations with Gram Pantheist in Bilaspur with selected villages under DPRP pilots. Phase III-November 16-18,2002 * Hamlet and village consultations in Pendra and Garella blocks of Bilaspur PHASE I-MARCH 19-20, 2002: WORKSHOP ON CHHATTISGARH DISTRICT POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMME (DPRP), 19-20TH MARCH 2002, ORGANISED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT Representation The workshop was attended by the Chief guest, Hon. Minister of Panchayat & Rural Development, Mr. Amitesh Shukla, Hon. Minister of state, Mr. Tuleshwar Singh and Hon. Minister, S.C.S.T. Commission, Mr. Ramdayal Uike. The M. P. DPIP team including project co-ordinator, Smt. Gauri Singh, Finance Controller Mr. Jitendra Singh & PFT,co-ordinator Shri G. S. Tekam. The participants included members from PRIs, Government Officers, NGO personnel and people's representatives from various districts. The CG team included Secretary, Panchayat & Rural Development Mr. M. K. Raut, Deputy Secretary finance, CEOs of Zila Panchayats and block Panchayats. Issues of concern * Prior efforts in similar programmes: In the inaugural speech, the Secretary, P&RD said that so far, the programmes implemented previously have had limited success in reducing poverty because of paucity of funds through DPIP with assistance from the World Bank an effort has to be made to attack poverty. * Hon. Minister of state, P&RD in his speech said that the programme being implemented for the uplifpment and empowerment of poor tribal should address the following aspects during the implementation of the programme: > Transparency in planning and execution > Ensure people's participation > Involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions.

30 * The programme coordinator of MP DPIP, Mrs. Gauri Singh gave the guidelines information on implementation and objectives and approach of the programme. The project will institutionalize the core values, which are: Peoples' participation Empowerment v Process orientation V Decentralization V Learning through experiences / Transparency and collaboration/cooperation About the project approach: In order to achieve its objectives the project has adopted the following approach: > Empower disadvantaged groups by putting funds under their direct control group bank accounts. > Ensure that groups, in view of their need, can select and develop Sub-projects by taking various possibilities into consideration. They will not be restricted to use project funds for some specific activities only. However, the activities on which funds are utilized must fulfill the objectives of the project. Community will be free to seek technical support from government and non-government persons & organizations. > Support and strengthen groups having common needs and problems. > To ensure group participation, the decision making process will be closely monitored and approval to Sub-projects will be given only when decision-making process is democratic, healthy and participatory in nature. > To develop participation and feeling of ownership, create credibility and foster a culture of local financing, cost recovery and user charges by requiring community cash contributions for Sub-projects and creation of Group and village funds; > Strengthen local governments at the district and village levels by giving them responsibility for the budgeting, its disbursement and monitoring of group activities. > Ensure transparency, widespread information, and communication and learning about the project and groups' performance, successes and failures through formal and informal mechanisms created by the project. Feedback from NGO representatives Smt. Hemlata Sahu, Mahila Shiksha Kalyan Evam Prashikshan Parishad * For selection of beneficiaries a baseline study and wealth ranking is being done in the Gram Sabha. This could be done on the basis of the IDEP implementation and evaluation parameters, IDEP being mainly based on economic development. * Participation of women in the project should be ascertained. * The implementation of the project should be done through public participation. * The process of approval by the Gram Sabha is important. * The income generating schemes should be on the basis of the demands of the people.

31 Smt. Satya Bhama Awasthi, Vasudha Mahila Manch * People from similar socio economic situations should be brought together in the CIG. * Selection cannot be made on the basis of the BPL list since many a time it does not cover the people who may be in actual need. A special list of actual people in need, needs to be made. * Need to clarify the conditions under which a grant of Rs. 30, 000 is given, and the 5 percent advance is not justified for a poor person. It could be given in the form of labour, materials etc. that could be used by the beneficiary. * Apna Kosh needs specific descriptions on how and when it will be utilised. * It is essential to mention how many minimum or maximum members could form a group. * In a tribal area the project must be sensitive to the basic needs and the culture of the area. Further clarification is needed on the role of PRIs in the project, the process of monitoring and evaluation of the same. It has been seen in all government projects that no social and cultural aspects have been considered while launching the project, especially for women. These aspects need to be taken into consideration.. The out line of the project seems promising but in the later stage much government interference might discourage the beneficiary. More public participation and less government interference needs to be ensured. * Over and above economic planning, planning specially on education, health, social crime, torture against women and children, clean environments, prohibition against drugs etc. needs to be looked at along with economic development to achieve the goal. Shri Vijay Tiwari, Gram Sewa Sansthan * Sending a notice to the Sarpanch/Secretary of the Gram Panchayat and displaying it at public places is an option. But one cannot be sure that everyone will be aware of it, there fore a communication strategy is a must. * The process and the means of communication adopted must be in response to the reality of the area, as this will determine the success or failure of the project. * The implementers of the project must have a complete understanding of the project. * It must be ensured that the implementers carry out the baseline survey and the consequent categorization and finalization of the beneficiaries. * It must be ensured that the project process is bottom up i.e. from the beneficiary to the state level. * It must be ensured that people from similar economic situations and with similar interests come together.

32 * After the groups are formed, they must be adequately trained and empowered, according to their needs and understanding. * It is proposed that a separate team for the project is instituted. 20th March 2002 Initial discussion started with "Criteria for selection of Block". from the participants were as follows: Major suggestion v Priority to Tribal Blocks. / Focus on backward classes and literacy level. v/ Priority to unreachable forest areas. V Priority to poor rather than particular caste/class. In line with the MP DPIP. / Develop one model village. Further four groups were formed among the participants to discuss four major issues for successful implementation of the programme: A. TRIBAL STRATEGY: The group focussed on the relevance of entry-point activities especially for the tribal dominated areas as: > Tribals have a rich culture and heritage > The tribes have different style of working > The local dialect varies from non - tribal areas > The tribals have a strong social structure but lack in economic advancement. The discussions led to the conclusion that there is a need to address the tribals first but at the same time other poor people should also benefit from the DPIP programme. Hence each of the CIG members should be made aware of the programme and related activities so that the group becomes self-sufficient. B. ROLE OF NGOs: This group suggested that among the three members of PFT if two are from G.O. then third one should be NGO personnel.. During the discussion the following points were highlighted: > Good NGOs should be given opportunity > Regular training of the PFT members should be conducted. > PFT while working at the district level has major responsibility of monitoring. ) Women members from NGO should be given preference

33 C. GENDER STRATEGY: The group came out with the following suggestions: > 80% of the groups (CIG) formed should be of women. > Priority should be given to the widow, divorcee, dependent, landless, and physically handicapped persons. > While selecting the activities stress should be on women - oriented activities that will lead to their empowerment. > There should be no compulsion on women for 10% contribution. D. COMMUNICATION: According to this group, the local people should be considered as primary source and the data needs to be collected through: > PRA technique > House to House visit > Group - meetings of men & women (combined as well as separate) > Wealth - ranking > Training of the CIG (common interest group) as well as PFT (project facilitation team) members along with the people's representatives. > Continuous interaction between the PFT & CIG members. PHASE II-AUGUST 25-26, 2002: CONSULTATIONS WITH GRAM PANCHAYATS IN BILASPUR WITH SELECTED VILLAGES UNDER DPRP PILOTS. Notice and information circulated in villages before the meeting. All the villages are hereby informed that Chhattisgarh Government has proposed to launch the DPIP Programme with the help of the World Bank. The main features of this programme are as under:- 1. This is an effort of the government to reduce the poverty of villages, in accordance with the needs of the people. 2. The main target group of the project is the poorest of the poor, especially tribal and women. 3. The main aim of this project is to provide them with opportunities of selfprogress, which will lead to income enhancement and improve their social status. 4. The process employed in this project will include, establishing a dialogue with the village people, forming groups, enhancing the capacities of and strengthening the groups, preparation, implementation and evaluation of sub-projects including budget preparation and allotments. The project will emphasise on learning by experience.

34 5. A process of wealth ranking will be followed among the families in the village and 70% of the poorest families will be selected as beneficiaries. In a predominantly tribal or schedule caste village, all the families will be selected in the project. 6. Through the project, every poor family will be entitled to get a maximum of Rs Beneficiaries of this project, will form groups of five or more people, and jointly select the economic activity they want to carry out. The maximum membership of the group is not restricted. 8. The economic activity/project selected by the group will have to be sanctioned by the Gram Sabha. 9. Every group will have to contribute 5% of the demanded grant, for their subproject. 10. On completion of the sub-project, the group will deposit 10% of the income into the Apna Kosh account, for use in village development. 11. To ensure transparency in implementation of the group's activities, every group will maintain a cashbook and a register, and will have to present their expenditure details to the Gram Sabha from time to time. August 25 th 2002, Village - Kanchanpur, Block - Kota People: Government Representatives: World Bank Representatives: NGO Representatives: Villagers of Kanchanpur Mr. M.K. Raut, Development Commissioner. Mr. Anil Rai, CEO Bilaspur CEO Janpad - Kota Mr. Ranjan Jha Mr. Luis Constantino Ms. Madhavi Pillai Ms. Varalakshami Gram Sewa Sansthan, Vasudha Mahila Manch, Mahila Shiksha Kalyan Evam Prashikshan Parishad Sanket Development Group. Major issues of concern/ proceedings of the meeting: After giving a brief introduction to the project, one of the issues that were raised by Mr. Raut was that of skill development and of realising the skills that already exist with

35 people. A number of skills were identified by the gram sabha as skills that already exist amongst people. Some of them were:- - Fishery - Goatery - Forest related skills - Poultry - Construction of Stop dams - Construction of Water pond - Construction of roads A point was, thus, put up by Mr. Raut that those projects should be identified of which people already have some knowledge and skill. He also added that projects which are viable in nature should also be given priority. However, the decision related to the project lies completely with the people and members of the CIG and all sub projects are approved by the gram sabha. August 26th 2002, Village - Harradi, Gram Panchayat - Harratola, Block - Gaurella Representations of various groups People: Government Representatives: World Bank Representatives: NGO Representatives: Members of CIGs form pilot villages and members form other villages of Gaurella PRI Representatives, Janpad Panchayat members, Mr. Anil Rai, CEO Bilaspur Mr. Luis Constantino Ms. Madhavi Pillai Sanket Development Group. Major issues of concern/ Proceedings of the meeting: * People from 11 villages had gathered to welcome the World Bank team. Out of these 11 villages, only 3 come under the pilot project.. 54 CIGs had already been formed in the gram panchayat and 31 had already opened their accounts. Some of the groups have already deposited the whole of 5 % that they are supposed to contribute towards the sub project. * Some people had taken loans on interest from other villagers for depositing this amount. They were advised by Mr. Rai, CEO Zila Panchayat to return the money to their creditors as soon as possible and to deposit money only when they have their own.. There was a lot of anxiety amongst people regarding when the project is going to start. Mr. Rai advised people that they should be patient as the project may take 4-5 month in reaching the implementation period.

36 * Most of the groups had taken up Animal husbandry esp. goatery as their project activity. Some other sub projects that the CIGs had decided were brick kiln, vegetable shop, kirana / ration shop, poultry, thread making, auto rickshaw, tube wells, Sangeet Mahavidyalaya, etc. * Some people also expressed desire to get the money on an individual basis. They were advised by Mr. Anil Rai that they can take money under some other scheme.. Mr. Rai also gave information regarding how the common land can be used for growing fodder in case many groups are taking up activities such as goatery, dairy, etc.

37 PHASE III-NOVEMBER 16-18, 2002 HAMLET AND VILLAGE CONSULTATIONS IN PENDRA (Villages Jumdi Khurd, Amadand, Navagaon and Jhabar) AND GAURELLA BLOCKS (Village Andhiyaar Kho), BILASPUR No. of villages covered 5 (Jumdi Khurd, Amadand, Navagaon, Jhabar, Andhiyaar Kho) 16th November, 2002 Meeting at Semraha, Andhiyaar Kho Panchayat, Gaurella Block. People: Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: men and women of the Baiga community, dominant in the pada, and some men from the Rathaur community. Accountant from Janpad Panchayat, Gaurella. Sanket Development Group No major issues of concern were raised the people felt that they needed time to understand the programme and give their feedback at the consultation meeting scheduled on 18th November 2002.The facilitators informed them that in case they had any issues of concern they must raise them in the meeting. Semaraha being a pada far from the main centre of the Gram Panchayat, Andhyar Kho, there was some cynicism about whether the scheme would percolate down to all these scattered hamlets, which are independent by virtue of the different communities living there. 17th November, 2002 Meeting at para of Jumdi Khurd, Lata Panchayat, Pendra. People: Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: 10 men of the Oraon tribe, which is the dominant group in the said pada. Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District. Sanket Development Group Major issues of concern raised by the people Different livelihood options (subprojects), which can be undertaken under the DPRP, were discussed in terms of their possibility and viability:

38 * Improvement in their current agricultural activities - the group felt that help from DPRP could be put effectively to improve their current agricultural activities. These could be related to providing infrastructure such as irrigation facilities (canals, wells, pumpsets), and in training the community to enhance present agriculture skills since the same has been imbibed and not inherited. Upon further inquiry, the members pointed out that since they do not use 'modem' agriculture practices such as use of fertilisers, this pointed to the need for agriculture extension in this field. * Animal husbandry-most of the Oraons are not experienced in animal husbandry; it was felt by them that it would be easier to rear small animals like goats, pigs, and poultry which are easier and less expensive to rear in comparison to stall fed cattle. According to the group, the forest departments had already indicated that they could provide land for pastureland development. * Oraons, traditionally forest dwellers, are very knowledgeable about local forest produce and its usage, and use of forest products is an integral part of their daily lives. In the discussion it was brought out that their knowledge of existence, ability to locate, identify and collect forest produce and to make it into usable products could be supported by sensitive marketing support, and this could lead to sustaining their livelihoods. The Oraons felt that this support is required both for increasing their own procurement capacities and to market within the existing local markets. - * Many of the Oraons today are labourers working in the neighbouring stone cutting quarries, which provide gitti (gravel) for road construction. The trading of this gitti is done at different levels, before it reaches the final contractor of the road construction. There was a discussion in the group on whether a CIG could get involved in this process of trading, though most were unclear on the marketing channels and abilities needed for the same. It is clear from these discussions that the local economy is still largely a fairly closed economy and its interface with externalities are more in terms of trade and relations of exchange. The Oraons will require substantial managerial and skill support in organised livelihoods systems and marketing and financial support to increase their capacities to eam better from their traditional livelihood sources. Forming CIGs * There was some discussion on the difficulty of coming together and forming a group due to differences in economic conditions. This could give rise to conflicts, based on resources contributed by CIG members. An example given by one member of the community was that on building a common well there could be different individual needs for water on land holdings, which may create conflict between members.

39 17th November, 2002 Meeting at pada of Jumdi Khurd, Lata Panchayat, Pendra. People: Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: 8-10 men and women of the Dhanuar tribe, who reside in the pada. Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District. Sanket Development Group Note: The residents of this hamlet have received some information on this programme. However they are still in the process of understanding this project and hence have not been able to see themselves as a part of this project. Therefore this meeting was used to understand the economic situation and livelihood options available to this community in the light of the project. Observations based on the discussions held This is a hamlet of the main village Jumdi Khurd. The total area of the hamlet is about 15 acres including farmlands. It consists of a community of 11 families of the Dhanuhaar tribe. This tribe was originally a hunting tribe, deriving its name from the 'dhanush' or bow (made of bamboo) and hence the community's inherent association with Bamboo. Today the members of the community have shifted to making of bamboo articles, agricultural labour and procurement and sale of forest produce. Most of the bamboo work however is restricted in its variety. The articles are made for sale in the 'haat' or market and in the nearby villages where there is a demand for the same. When the articles are sold in the village 'haat', the maker often gets a very low price for them. While both men and women are engaged in the making of the articles, it is the men who do the marketing and trading. The bamboo used is procured by the maker or supplied by the buyer. Labour is another source of livelihood for both men and women. This could be in the form of agricultural labour, cow herding. They are also engaged in collecting for'est produce for self-consumption and for sale. This includes a fruit called 'Bhakranda', a weed called 'Charauta' and leaves of the Sarai tree. This fetches them a nominal amount. They also have very small 'badis', on which they grow mostly 'jowar' for self-consumption. Most of these transactions for labour and goods are made in kind, the return for which is usually husked rice or poor quality grain.

40 Issues of concern * The community has developed a specific skill related to bamboo work over the years. Enhancing this skill, formalising procurement systems for raw material and encouraging further expansion and introduction of variety in this activity will help the community in developing this activity into a viable livelihood option. * The traditional market system of the community is a barter system, and usually much of the exchange takes place with neighbouring communities who the Dhanuars are familiar with. As interactions with a larger market economy increase the channels, expertise awareness and communication systems need to be developed in the community. * Most importantly there are very few available resources with this community to start an enterprise. Existing resources thus need to be understood and tapped to their fullest potential in order to ensure sustained livelihood options. 17th November, 2002 Meeting at Dongrapara, Village Amadand, Amadand Panchayat, Pendra. People: Sarpanch of Amadand and a few villagers belonging to the Kanwar from Dongrapada Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District. Sanket Development Group There could not be a full meeting in Amadand since many of the villagers were out on work and due to a lack of time the team had to go further on to the neighbouring villages. However discussions with the Sarpanch and villagers revealed that the CIGs had been formed in the village for the last six months and the people were still waiting for the initiation of the programme. There is great enthusiasm to start with the same soon. 17 'h November, 2002 Meeting at Village Navagaon, Navagaon Panchayat, Pendra. People: Govt. Functionaries: Embroidery workers of Navagaon belonging to the Muslim community. Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District.

41 Facilitators: Sanket Development Group The group present were embroidery workers who have recently become trainers, trained women in different villages to embroider on intricate designs on silk. This has been initiated and supported by local leaders and the government to train women to work at home. The effort however is at its initial phase, the market for the same still needs to be explored and there is a great degree of talent, skill and quality required for the production of this embroidered cloth. It definitely came across as an option for those talented in embroidery, but the certainty of market and sustenance of the same as a livelihood option seems to be questionable till one sees the project move further. Though there was less knowledge on the programme itself, experiences showed that the community present at the meeting seemed enterprising and open to venturing out to newer options related to livelihoods. 17th November, 2002 Meeting at Harijanpara of Village Jhabar, Lata Panchayat, Pendra. No. of Villages covered 2 People: Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: men and women of the Chamar community, who reside in the pada. Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District. Sanket Development Group Major Issues of concern among men's group in Harijanpara * Most of them own little land (less than one acre) and are not able to meet subsistence needs through farming on the lands - it is not clear whether they own the land or are sharecroppers. * Goat rearing, pisciculture, carpentry and shoe making are the other economic activities the community is currently involved in. The community discussed the viability of expanding these activities in terms of skills, market facilities and existing resources. * The members also shared the concern that there might be a danger if all the CIGs take up the same activity. For example if all of them take up carpentry then where would they market the goods? Hence a variety of activities need to be initiated. * Some new options for subprojects, which the CIGs can take up, were suggested. This included trading in buffalo bulls, activities related to transportation and minor irrigation work.

42 Major Issues of concern among the women's group in Harijanpara * The women in Harijanpara would prefer to work in a large group of over five members * The main activity pursued by women at present besides agricultural labour was trading vegetables between markets and households, of which the profits made are minimal. The women discussed a scope of expanding this activity to a larger trading activity, exploring better markets where the same could be sold for higher prices. They also discussed that they could diversify and trade other goods like grain, goats, vessels, etc. Observation * Processing of leather and using it for shoe making is the traditional skill of the community. While the older generation is aware of the various processes and techniques involved, they emphasised that the younger generation has not learnt this skill. This may be attributed to the social stigma attached to this activity and hence the community historically. The community has picked up new skills like goat rearing, carpentry, etc and is willing to enterprise on the same. 17th November, 2002 Meeting at Village Jhabar, Lata Panchayat, Pendra. People: Govt. Functionaries: Facilitators: men of the Gond tribe and Chamar community, who reside in the village. Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Dr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District. Sanket Development Group Major issues of concern * Can the DPRP funds be used as a common fund resource from which individuals can draw money to start their own enterprises? * Another major concern was that the groups have been formed and been involved in saving activities for the last six months, and have been waiting for the funds to initiate their sub projects. * The money that is given for village development by the CIG should not be exhausted in one time. What are the ways in which this could be kept alive and floating? * Will the number of CIGs remain the same as they are today? There are many people who have lost faith and disbanded from the CIGs. It was clarified that once a few CIGs start their work and are successful others would and could also form more CIGs

43 later. There is scope for linking with financial institutions, which will help in strengthening and expansion of the CIG and its activities. * Has it been successful in other villages? * The success of this programme requires the cooperation and the assistance of the people in the village. Hence, one will need to ensure effective participation and involvement of the Gram Sabha. 18th November, 2002; DPRP Semraha pada, Andhiyaar kho, Gram Panchayat Andhiyaar kho Gaurella block Representation: People: Semraha is dominantly a Baiga pada, hence mostly members of the Baiga tribe were present. There were some individuals from the Rathaur community who comprise a few households in the pada. Both men and women were present, with the women comprising about 30% of the total group present. There were also some people from the main village of Andhiyaar Kho present. The Sarpanch of the Panchayat, a member of the Gond tribe of Andhiyaar Kho was also present. Government Functionaries: Mr. Anil Rai, CEO, Zilla Panchayat, Bilaspur Mr. Paraste, CEO, Janpad Panchayat, Gaurella Dr. Mishra, CEO, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Pradhan, ADO, Gaurella Mr. Khokhar, ADO, Marwahi Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Sachiv, Andhiyaar Kho Representatives of the Dept. of Panchayat and Rural Department - Ranjan and Rajat Representative from the World Bank: Mr. Warren Waters Representatives from Sanket Development Group: Dr. P. Bose. Maheen Mirza, Sayantoni Datta, Neha Pradhan The details of the scheme were explained by the government functionaries and then issues raised by the people were addressed.

44 Issues and concerns raised: 1. The absence of a lump sum of money, which is, required as initial contribution of each member of the CIG. -This issue was raised by a woman belonging to the Rathaur community first, and then later by a man from the Rathaur community. The Government response to the same was that since the project is yet to start, there is time to save and build the lump sum required for the initial contribution to the CIG. If a group of very poor men or women do not have this money even then, the village can decide to loan them the money, which they can pay back within a year or so, when the sub-project initiated by them brings its returns. 2. The people of the village have very small land holdings (The largest holding is that of 8-9 acres) if at all. There are many landless labourers also. What can be done by them and where? The Baiga men and women raised the issue. The Government response to the same was that an enterprise, which can be done on a small piece of land and once they, start getting their returns, they can take larger pieces of land on lease. 3. It is difficult to meet subsistence needs and family members are constantly engaged in labour in other farms or in government programmes. They get paid in grain for the same. This issue was raised by members of the Baiga community. 4. There is no electricity and this worsens the water problem in the village. This issue was raised by many members of the group present. The government response to the same was that to make provisions for electricity is something which will take a long time. Hence, the people can use alternatives like diesel pumps to draw water for irrigation. They can come together as CIGs in the village, pool their resources together and take up minor irrigation projects like lift irrigation to address the water problem in the village. 5. Is there a minimum number of CIGs that need to be formed in the selected village before an interested and ready group can get the money to initiate the sub-project? This question was raised by the Sarpanch. The response from the government functionary was that there are no such criteria. A group of interested 5 people have to come together, make the initial contribution and prepare a proposal for the sub-project they want to initiate. The money will then be sanctioned to them. After a period of time, someone from the block or district level will come and see the sub-project being managed and then more money will be sanctioned. The Gram Sabha would have to be informed of the sub-project and its management, all through the process also. 6. The process of this scheme has to implemented and managed by the people themselves. The final say will be that of the Gram Sabha and the CIG will have to be working with the Panchayat. The returns will also have to be managed so that they raise the income of the CIG members as well as feed back into the sub-project initiated. This point was made by the government functionary. Some people responded by saying that they will be able to manage the sub-project.

45 7. Livelihood options like rearing goats or pigs, minor irrigation programmes like digging of wells, procurement of pumps, and construction of tanks (which can be used for pisciculture also) were demanded and suggested by the people. These demands and suggestions were made by the people. The government response to the same was that such projects could be taken up by the members of the CIGs by pooling in their resources and using the project money. Some details of these livelihoods were discussed. 8. Proforma currently being used for collection of baseline data (see annexure) was explained to Mr.Warren. All the data collected by the PFTs during this exercise will be analysed at district and state level. This data will help in framing, monitoring and learning indicators.