Environment+ wind=? Welcome to the world of wind energy

Transcription

1 Welcome to the world of wind energy Environment+ wind=? Dr. D. V. Kanellopoulos OPWP Renewable Energy Training Program December 2016 Muscat, Oman 1

2 Question: Is wind energy good for the environment? Mankind and the use of wind energy, a long-long historic friendship Hr Traditional wind mill of the Aegean Sea. Karpathos island, Elymbos, summer 2005

3 Thousands of small wind mills were used for irrigation in the Lassithi plateau in Crete, Greece

4 OLD DUTCH WINDMILLS

5 Spanish wind mills, a tourist attraction

6 France, Marseille, 17 th century wind mills in 2 rows within the city walls!

7 A windmill at Konnevesi Museum in Konnevesi, Finland Boulgaria, Windmill on the causeway to old town of Nessebar

8 The technology today changes the landscape. The wts are getting larger, Austria, E-82

9 Comparing sizes with international monuments The statue of Liberty, USA Big Ben, UK

10 The WHITE TOWER of Thessaloniki, Greece h= 34 m Comparing a 3 MW wind turbine with international monuments

11 Environmental impact no 1, Visual?

12 Environmental impact no 1, Visual? USA, the 80 s Europe the 80 s Small number, single lines large number, multiple lines

13 Environmental impact no 1, Visual? E

14 Environmental impact no 1, Visual? Texas USA

15 Environmental impact no 1, Visual? New HV SS The Netherlands, 20 *E126

16 Environmental impact no 2, Noise? Mechanical, gearbox-generator Aerodynamic, from the blades We can measure it, we can predict it.

17 At distances of 300 m from the turbine it drops to db(a) Modern onshore WTs, they are quiet machines

18 An example of the sound pressure level estimations from a 6 wts wind farm

19 Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, 17*1.8 MW turbines MOE=Ontario Ministry of Environment, criteria for wind turbines

20 Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada Predicted sound levels, at V=10 m/s

21 Pubnico Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, 17*1.8 MW turbines Sound pressure level measurements, db(a) Colours: Green= V(m/s) at wt14 Blue= wind speed at met tower red=10 min aver. Sound level Gray=MOE criteria time

22 Distance from wt in m Turbine noise levels at wind speeds of 8 and 10 m/s

23 There is no noise problems and there are no dangers to human health from onshore machines following the IEC STANDARD

24 Environmental impact no 3, Ecosystem? Migratory bird paths in Greece

25 Environmental impact no 3, Ecosystem? Five zones used for analyses of the time series fro bird migration at Anholt OWF Radar observations

26 Environmental impact no 3, Ecosystem? Radar can identify incoming bird flocks and stop the operation of a wind farm if needed

27 The Tehachapi Wind Farm, with around 4,731 wind turbines, is the second largest collection of wind generators in California

28 Environmental impact no 3, Ecosystem?

29 STUDY MAPS WHERE TO BUILD WIND FARMS TO SAVE GOLDEN EAGLES

30 Wyoming, second highest golden eagle population in the United States Published: August 11, Landscapes for Energy and Wildlife: Conservation Prioritization for Golden Eagles across Large Spatial Scales, Jason D. Tack,Bradley C. Fedy The new study, from, is trying to take a preemptive approach to this problem. Researchers investigated the areas in which golden eagles are nesting, and included other information like prey availability, land use and habitat quality. They then recorded which areas would simultaneously be good sources for wind power. Putting all of these areas together yielded a map for the area in Wyoming, which has the second highest golden eagle population in the United States. The map highlights the best places for wind farm development, whilst conserving the Federally protected eagles (highlighted in blue). The green areas show the best places for golden eagle nests, and thankfully no wind farms are situated within these. However, the orange and yellow areas highlights moderate risk sites that have less than ideal winds, but plenty of golden eagles and there are many turbines located in these areas.

31 Useful information about wind farms

32 Work begins in Sandy, Bedfordshire on Monday 25 January 2016, and the 0.8 MW wind turbine will generate around two million units of green energy every year, equivalent to over half of the electricity the RSPB uses across its 127 UK locations. Martin Harper, RSPB s director of conservation, said: Climate change is the single biggest threat to our planet. This is about our birds and wildlife as well as our way of life. Around the world, and even in the UK, we can already see how these changes are affecting wildlife, the places where they live as well as damage to our homes and disruptions to the economy. It is down to everyone to play their part. In the UK, we have the potential to generate a significant portion, if not all, of our electricity from sustainable sources. This will take time and it will take investment. So I am proud to say the RSPB continues to back words with actions to show we are serious about tackling the threat of climate change with our biggest single renewable energy project yet.

33 Austria, E70

34 Environmental impact no 5, Shadow flicker?

35 Environmental impact no 5, Shadow flicker?

36 Wind turbine shadow flicker areas can easily be computed

37 Software tools usually combine noise and shadow flicker calculations

38 Environmental benefits of wind energy 10 MW wind farm provides: Electricity for families yearly Savings amounting to t diesel Avoidance of t CO2 yearly During planning and constriction faces, it requires 130 people.

39 Social acceptability of wind energy. Enemy or Friend?

40 People will always ask: what is the future wind project looks like? A photomontage done using Google tools for a new project in Crete

41 Environmental Impact Assessment studies (EIAs) are required for all projects. Visualization of the wind farm is absolutely necessary. e.g. of 3 scenarios

42 View points are defined and photomontages are performed. In the white box on the bottom picture, the farm is hardly visible! 80 wts, 5MW

43 View point: from the harbor toward the future wind farm

44 People were invited to see the erection of a wt in Wales, UK

45 USA Livestock and farming continues uninterrupted with minimal use of land Uruguay, E92

46 Engage society in an open and honest dialogue

47 Canada, E82 and E70 wts blend in the mountainous landscape

48 France, more than sunflowers are growing in the fields!

49 Martigny Switzerland, a 3 MW wt

50 As a society, we have enjoyed the benefits of wind energy in the past. As responsible citizens of planet earth, we should do the same in the future.