SAFEWAY FUEL CENTER AIR POLLUTANT AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT PETALUMA, CALIFORNIA

Transcription

1 SAFEWAY FUEL CENTER AIR POLLUTANT AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT PETALUMA, CALIFORNIA January 8, 2014 Revised September 18, 2017 Prepared for: Natalie Mattei Albertsons Companies Dublin Canyon Road Pleasanton, CA Prepared by: James A. Reyff ILLINGWORTH & RODKIN, INC. Acoustics Air Quality 1 Willowbrook Court, Suite 120 Petaluma, CA (707) Job No.:

2 Introduction This report presents the results of the air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions assessment completed for a Safeway Fuel Center to be located on the southeast corner of Washington Square Shopping Center at 335 South McDowell Boulevard in the City of Petaluma. The Fuel Center will provide multi-product fuel categories at each of 16 fuel positions (8 pumps two fuel positions per fuel pump) and will replace the current single story commercial land uses at the project site. Ambient Air Quality Standards Both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) established ambient air quality standards for common air pollutants. These ambient air quality standards are levels of contaminants that represent safe levels that avoid specific adverse health effects associated with each pollutant. The ambient air quality standards cover what are called criteria pollutants because the health and other effects of each pollutant are described in criteria documents. The federal and state ambient standards were developed independently with differing purposes and methods, although both processes attempted to avoid health-related effects. As a result, federal and state standards differ in some cases. In general, California standards are more stringent. This is particularly true for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and coarse particulate matter (). Air Quality Setting The project is located in the southern portion of Sonoma County, which is in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin. Ambient air quality standards have been established at both the State and federal level. The Bay Area meets all ambient air quality standards with the exception of groundlevel ozone, respirable particulate matter () and fine particulate matter (). High ozone levels are caused by the cumulative emissions of reactive organic gases (ROG) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These precursor pollutants react under certain meteorological conditions to form high ozone levels. Controlling the emissions of these precursor pollutants is the focus of the Bay Area s attempts to reduce ozone levels. The highest ozone levels in the Bay Area occur in the eastern and southern inland valleys that are downwind of air pollutant sources. High ozone levels aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reduce lung function, and increase coughing and chest discomfort. Particulate matter is another problematic air pollutant of the Bay Area. Particulate matter is assessed and measured in terms of respirable particulate matter or particles that have a diameter of 10 micrometers or less () and fine particulate matter where particles have a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (). Elevated concentrations of and are the result of both region-wide (or cumulative) emissions and localized emissions. High particulate matter levels aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reduce lung function, increase mortality (e.g., lung cancer), and result in reduced lung function growth in children. Page 1

3 Greenhouse Gases Scientists have found that human caused emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) contribute to global warming. The State of California is addressing this issue through legislation, policy guidance, and outreach programs. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary GHG emitted from land use projects, mostly through automobile and energy use. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) is the regional agency tasked with managing air quality in the region. At the State level, the California Air Resources Board (a part of the California Environmental Protection Agency) oversees regional air district activities and regulates air quality at the State level. The BAAQMD has recently published the CEQA Air Quality Guidelines that are used in this assessment to evaluate air quality impacts of projects 1. Bay Area Air Quality Management District The BAAQMD seeks to attain and maintain air quality conditions in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin through a comprehensive program of planning, regulation, enforcement, technical innovation, and education. The clean air strategy includes the preparation of plans for the attainment of ambient air quality standards, adoption and enforcement of rules and regulations, and issuance of permits for stationary sources. The BAAQMD also inspects stationary sources and responds to citizen complaints, monitors ambient air quality and meteorological conditions, and implements programs and regulations required by law. Bay Area Air Quality Management District Rules and Regulations The project would be subject to BAAQMD regulations and permit requirements for the dispensing of motor vehicle fuels and demolition of buildings and structures that may contain asbestos. BAAQMD regulates the emissions of organic compounds (i.e., ROG) from gasoline dispensing stations through Regulation 8, Rule 7. This rule requires the facility to install enhanced vapor recovery (EVR) systems. Since the facility would emit more than 10 pounds of ROG (i.e., volatile organic compounds or VOCs) in a single day, the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) requirement of Regulation would be triggered. BACT for Gasoline Dispensing Facilities is considered the use of CARB-certified Phase-I and Phase-II vapor recovery equipment. The project obtained a permit to construct and operate from BAAQMD 2. According to the District s permit evaluation, the project would meet the requirement by using CNI EVR Phase I equipment and VST Balance EVR Phase II equipment with the Veeder-Root Vapor Polisher and Veeder-Root ISD controls. These two systems are certified by CARB under Executive Orders VR-104 and VR- 204 respectively. To ensure that the facility does not emit ROG emissions that would trigger requirements for emission offsets or exceed screening triggers that would require a health risk assessment, BAAQMD conditioned the facility to a gasoline throughput not to exceed million gallons of fuel per year (Authority to Construct Permit Application No , Condition No. 26). 1 Bay Area Air Quality Management District BAAQMD CEQA Air Quality Guidelines. May. 2 BAAQMD Authority to Construct for Permit Application No at S. McDowell Blvd & Maria Drive, Petaluma, CA Dated October 10, Page 2

4 Based on market research and operating conditions at other comparable fuel centers, Safeway estimates that the annual throughput for the Petaluma fuel center will be approximately 8.5 million gallons per year. Even though the project s estimated annual throughput amount is less than onethird of the screening triggers set by BAAQMD, Safeway has nonetheless prepared a separate health risk assessment. That report concludes that the project will result in no significant health risks to any sensitive receptor (e.g., residents, school children, etc.). Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that occurs naturally in ultramafic rock a rock type commonly found in California and was used in the past as a processed component of building materials. Because asbestos has been proven to cause serious adverse health effects, such as asbestosis and lung cancer, it is strictly regulated. The relevant local regulations are found in BAAQMD Regulation 11, Rule 2: Hazardous Materials; Asbestos Demolition, Renovation and Manufacturing. The BAAQMD s Regulation 7 limits odors from many different sources, excluding restaurants and agricultural practices. The requirements of this regulation become applicable when the BAAQMD receives odor complaints from 10 or more complainants within a 90-day period, alleging that a source has caused odors perceived at or beyond the property line of the source and deemed to be objectionable. BAAQMD Air Quality Guidelines In May 2011, the BAAQMD updated its guidelines to evaluate air quality impacts from projects 3. The guidelines include recommended thresholds of significance and methods to evaluate air quality impacts. Methods for evaluating the impacts of GHG emissions are described. BAAQMD currently recommends the use of the CalEEMod model to evaluate emissions of air pollutants and GHG associated with projects 4. These guidelines also included evaluation criteria for assessing air quality impacts from projects, including projects that are sources of toxic air contaminants located near sensitive receptors. These methods rely on modeling specific emissions from the roadways or sources, using emission factor models, dispersion modeling, and health risk criteria to determine where such sources result in significant exposures. These guidelines provide criteria for judging source-specific and cumulative-source impacts. The guidelines also recommend screening distances for various types of odor sources. Sensitive receptors are defined as facilities where sensitive population groups, such as children, the elderly, the acutely ill and the chronically ill, are likely to be located. These land uses include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, retirement homes, convalescent homes, hospitals and medical clinics. Note that health risk impacts associated with the project are addressed in a separate report. Significance Thresholds In 2010, BAAQMD adopted thresholds of significance to assist in the review of projects under CEQA. These Thresholds were designed to establish the level at which BAAQMD believed air pollution emissions would cause significant environmental impacts under CEQA and were posted on BAAQMD s website and included in the Air District's CEQA Guidelines that were updated in 3 Bay Area Air Quality Management District BAAQMD CEQA Air Quality Guidelines. May. 4 See accessed September 15, Page 3

5 2011 and subsequently updated in 2017 in response to legal challenges (discussed below). The significance thresholds identified by BAAQMD and used in this analysis are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Air Quality Significance Thresholds Construction Thresholds Pollutant Average Daily Emissions (lbs./day) Operational Thresholds Average Daily Emissions (lbs./day) Annual Average Emissions (tons/year) Criteria Air Pollutants ROG NO x PM PM CO Not Applicable 9.0 ppm (8-hour average) or 20.0 ppm (1- hour average) Dust Construction Dust Ordinance or other Best Management Practices Not Applicable Applicable Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG Annual Emissions 1,100 metric tons or 4.6 metric tons per capita Note: ROG = reactive organic gases, NOx = nitrogen oxides, = coarse particulate matter or particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers (µm) or less, = fine particulate matter or particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less; and GHG = greenhouse gas. BAAQMD s adoption of significance thresholds contained in the 2011 CEQA Air Quality Guidelines was called into question by an order issued March 5, 2012, in California Building Industry Association (CBIA) v. BAAQMD (Alameda Superior Court Case No. RGI ). The order requires BAAQMD to set aside its approval of the thresholds until it has conducted environmental review under CEQA. The ruling made in the case concerned the environmental impacts of adopting the thresholds and how the thresholds would indirectly affect land use development patterns. In August 2013, the Appellate Court struck down the lower court s order to set aside the thresholds. However, the California Supreme Court accepted a portion of CBIA's petition to review the appellate court's decision to uphold BAAQMD's adoption of the thresholds. The specific portion of the argument considered was whether CEQA requires consideration of the effects of the environment on a project (as contrasted to the effects of a proposed project on the environment). On December 17, 2015, the California Supreme Court ruled that CEQA generally does not require an analysis of the effects of existing environmental conditions (e.g., air quality) on a project unless the project would exacerbate those conditions somehow through its construction and/or operation. The project does not include sensitive receptors. In response to the legal issues, BAAQMD revised their CEQA Guidelines in May The thresholds identified in Table 1 represent the most recent guidance provided by BAAQMD that are used by the City of Santa Clara. Page 4

6 Project Emissions Air pollutant and GHG emissions associated with the proposed retail fueling station at the Petaluma Safeway store were evaluated. The primary emissions would be operational emissions from traffic. There are 4 primary sources of air pollutant emissions from the project that were analyzed: Construction period emissions; Tailpipe emissions from new vehicle trips generated by the project; Tailpipe emissions from vehicles idling in queues waiting to access pumps; and Evaporative emissions from the transfer and storage of gasoline (i.e., underground tank filling, tank breathing and vehicle fueling and spillage). In addition, there are indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the operation of the fueling station that include energy usage and solid waste generation. Methodology The California Emissions Estimator Model, Version (CalEEMod) was used to predict construction and operational emissions associated with the proposed fueling station. The project type (i.e., Gasoline/Service Station), size (16 fuel pumps), project area size (0.5 acres), location (Sonoma County), and operational year (2020) were entered into the model. Construction Using CalEEMod Construction emissions were computed with CalEEMod based on the type and size of the project. The default CalEEMod schedule and equipment usage were assumed in the modeling. CalEEMod provided emissions for demolition of the existing building based on the estimated square footage of the building to be removed. Construction was assumed to occur during As described previously, BAAQMD only directly regulates the emissions of asbestos from demolition activities associated with construction. Demolition activities may be subject to BAAQMD Regulation 11, Rule 2: Hazardous Materials; Asbestos Demolition, Renovation and Manufacturing. This regulation minimizes the emissions of asbestos through proper handling of asbestos containing materials. Operation Using CalEEMod Operational emissions included primarily those from traffic and energy usage. Operation of the project was assumed for Model default daily traffic generation rates were used, which are based on the number of fuel dispensing pumps. The model default settings assume that fifty-nine percent of these trips would be passby trips or trips already made to or near the shopping center or nearby area that would also Page 5

7 use the project. Default trip lengths and vehicle type were used in the analysis. Use of the CalEEMod default trip lengths for customer trips are quite long given the setting of this project. CalEEMod assigns a 7-mile trip length. However, most trips originating in Petaluma would be 3 miles or less. In any event, the CalEEMod trip lengths were used for this analysis since no daily traffic data in terms of travel distance suitable for this analysis were available. The vehicle mix in CalEEMod was adjusted to reflect the type of vehicles that would use the fueling station. CalEEMod s default vehicle mix is based on the on-road travels for all of Sonoma County, which includes heavy-duty trucks and buses that would not use the fueling station. The CARB EMFAC2014 model was used to compute the percentages of light-duty and medium-duty vehicles. In addition, Light-Heavy Duty trucks were included in this vehicle mix. One percent of the vehicles using the facility were assumed to be Heavy Heavy-Duty Trucks that would be making deliveries. Other CalEEMod model defaults for area sources, energy usage water consumption and waste generation were assumed. The CalEEMod modeling output is provided in Attachment 1. Idling Vehicles The CalEEMod model does not account for additional emissions due to vehicle queuing that could occur during certain peak hours at the fueling station. These emissions were computed using the California Air Resources Board s EMFAC2014 motor vehicle emission factor model. Idle emissions were computed using the methods recommended by CARB for light-duty vehicles that convert 5 mile-per hour emissions rates into hourly emissions 5. This analysis assumed the peakhour would have 12 vehicles queuing constantly for a peak hour, which would be 3 vehicles for each line of pumps. This was a worst-case scenario that was based on the maximum queuing space available. All vehicles were assumed to be light-duty autos or light-duty trucks. Since there were no predictions for daily average conditions, this was assumed to represent 10 percent of the daily queuing emissions. Traffic studies typically assume that peak hour is approximately 10 percent of the daily volume; therefore, this relationship was used for this analysis. Annual emissions assumed similar operating conditions 365 days per year. The analysis of queuing emissions is provided in Attachment 2. Gasoline Dispensing Emissions The transfer and storage of gasoline results in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also assumed to be reactive organic gases or ROG. These gases, when combined with nitrogen oxides (NOx) lead to ozone formation. As part of the permit evaluation for this project, BAAQMD used a ROG emission factor of pounds of Precursor Organic Compounds (i.e., ROG) per 1,000 gallons of fuel throughput. Annual and daily emissions were computed to reflect Safeway s projections of a maximum throughput of 8.5 million gallons per day 6. The emission factors developed by BAAQMD are based on the Gasoline Service Station Industry-wide Risk Assessment Guidelines developed by the California Air Pollution Officers Association s 5 See - accessed on April 15, Note that 8.5 million gallons represents the amount of fuel that Safeway anticipates would be delivered, stored and sold throughout one year. BAAQMD permitted the facility based on the maximum allowable throughput that could trigger emission offsets for ROG emissions or require a health risk assessment. Page 6

8 (CAPCOA) Toxics Committee. Emissions of Precursor Organic Compound (i.e., ROG) include emissions from loading, breathing, refueling and spillage. BAAQMD assumed the facility would be equipped with two 20,000 gallon underground storage tanks, eight triple-product gasoline nozzles (meeting current BAAQMD requirements) 7. These emission computations are based on annual throughput that account for emissions from fuel storage tank loading, breathing, and motor vehicle refueling/dispensing for underground tanks that meet current requirements for enhanced vapor recovery. Attachment 3 includes BAAQMD s permit evaluation, supporting the Authority to Construct Permit that was issued October 10, Existing Uses Emissions associated with traffic generated by the existing shopping center uses, which would be removed for the project, were not considered in this analysis. The predicted net increase in emissions from the project would be less had these land uses been taken into account. Significance Table 2 provides annual and average daily emissions of air pollutants and GHG during the construction period. This table also includes the quantified thresholds for criteria air pollutants that were developed by BAAQMD. Note that there are no quantified thresholds for GHG during construction. However, it should be noted that construction GHG emissions would be below the significance thresholds used to evaluate operational emissions. Emissions would be below the thresholds, and therefore considered less than significant. Table 2. Project Construction Emissions Emission Source ROG NOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO2e Construction in tons (metric tons for CO2e) Average Daily Emissions in pounds per day BAAQMD Thresholds Assuming 120 work days of construction per CalEEMod default phasing Project construction would include emissions of fugitive dust, which are considered less than significant if Best Management Practices are implemented. Standard measures recommended by BAAQMD and listed below would ensure that air quality impacts associated with grading and new construction will remain less than significant: 1. All exposed surfaces (e.g., parking areas, staging areas, soil piles, graded areas, and unpaved access roads) shall be watered two times per day. 2. All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered. 7 Phase I CNI EVR, Phase II VST Balance with Veeder Root Vapor Polisher and Veeder-Root ISD EVR. Page 7

9 3. All visible mud or dirt track-out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per day. The use of dry power sweeping is prohibited. 4. All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads shall be limited to 15 mph. 5. All roadways, driveways, and sidewalks to be paved shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used. 6. Idling times shall be minimized either by shutting equipment off when not in use or reducing the maximum idling time to 5 minutes (as required by the California airborne toxics control measure Title 13, Section 2485 of California Code of Regulations [CCR]). Clear signage shall be provided for construction workers at all access points. 7. All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with manufacturer s specifications. All equipment shall be checked by a certified mechanic and determined to be running in proper condition prior to operation. 8. Post a publicly visible sign with the telephone number and person to contact at the Lead Agency regarding dust complaints. This person shall respond and take corrective action within 48 hours. The Air District s phone number shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. Operational emissions resulting from the project are presented in Table 3. As shown, these emissions would be below the significance thresholds, and thus, the impact would be less-thansignificant. Table 3. Project Operational Emissions Emission Source ROG or VOC NOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO2e Annual Emissions in tons (metric tons for CO2e) Motor vehicles and building operation Vehicle idling emissions <0.01 < Evaporative gasoline emissions Annual Emissions BAAQMD Thresholds ,100 Significance? No No No No No Average Daily Emissions in pounds per day Average Daily Emissions BAAQMD Thresholds Significance? No No No No -- 1 Assuming 365 days operation Page 8

10 Summary of Findings Construction air pollutant emissions were predicted and found to be well below the BAAQMD significance thresholds. Per BAAQMD guidance, projects that employ best management practices for fugitive dust have less-than-significant impacts with regard to those emissions. The project proposes a construction plan that would employ those measures. There are no quantified thresholds that apply to construction period GHG emissions; however, those emissions are quite small and would not exceed the annual thresholds for operational GHG emissions. Therefore, air pollutant and GHG emissions from construction activity are considered less than significant. Operational emissions from traffic generation, vehicle idling, and fuel vapor emissions were computed and found to be below the BAAQMD significance thresholds for both air pollutants and GHG. As a result, the project would have a less-than-significant impact with respect to emissions of air pollutants that could cause a violation of an air quality standard or cumulatively contribute to existing violations of air quality standards. The change in emissions of GHG caused by the project would not be cumulatively considerable. Supporting Information Attachment 1 includes the CalEEMod Output that includes construction and operational emissions. Included in Attachment 1 is the EMFAC2014 vehicle fleet percentage computations. Attachment 2 is the vehicle idling emissions calculations that used EMFAC2014 emissions rates. The gasoline storage and dispensing emission calculations are provided in Attachment 3. Page 9

11 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 1 of 1 Date: 9/16/2017 2:15 PM Attachment 1 CalEEMod Output Petaluma Safeway - Sonoma-San Francisco County, Annual Petaluma Safeway Sonoma-San Francisco County, Annual 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Gasoline/Service Station Pump , Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 75 Climate Zone 4 Operational Year 2019 Utility Company Pacific Gas & Electric Company CO2 Intensity (lb/mwhr) 307 CH4 Intensity (lb/mwhr) N2O Intensity (lb/mwhr) User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data Project Characteristics - PG&E projected 2019 rate Land Use - default gas station Construction Phase - default schedule Off-road Equipment - Off-road Equipment - Trips and VMT - added paving trips Demolition - estimated based on 180ft x 75 ft Vehicle Trips - default Fleet Mix - Adjusted based on EMFAC2014 with no heavy trucks or buses Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblfleetmix HHD tblfleetmix LDA tblfleetmix LDT tblfleetmix LDT tblfleetmix LHD tblfleetmix LHD e tblfleetmix MCY e tblfleetmix MDV tblfleetmix MH e tblfleetmix MHD tblfleetmix OBUS e tblfleetmix SBUS e tblfleetmix UBUS e tblprojectcharacteristics CO2IntensityFactor tblprojectcharacteristics OperationalYear tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripNumber Emissions Summary 2.1 Overall Construction

12 Unmitigated Construction N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr e e e Maximum e e e Mitigated Construction N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr e e e Maximum e e e NBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) Highest Overall Operational Unmitigated Operational N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Area e- Energy Mobile e- Waste e e e e e e e e e Water e e e e e Mitigated Operational

13 N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Area e- Energy e e e- Mobile e- Waste e e e e e e Water e e e e e NBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Demolition Demolition 1/1/2018 1/12/ Site Preparation Site Preparation 1/13/2018 1/15/ Grading Grading 1/16/2018 1/17/ Building Construction Building Construction 1/18/2018 6/6/ Paving Paving 6/7/2018 6/13/ Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 6/14/2018 6/20/ Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0.5 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 0 Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 3,388; Non-Residential Outdoor: 1,129; Striped Parking Area: 0 OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Site Preparation Graders Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading Concrete/Industrial Saws Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Cranes Building Construction Forklifts Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers Paving Pavers Paving Rollers Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Architectural Coating Air Compressors

14 Trips and VMT Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Demolition Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Hauling Vehicle Class Site Preparation LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction 3.2 Demolition Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

15 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling e e- Vendor e e e e e Worker e e e e e e e e e e e Site Preparation Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

16 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e Grading Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Dust e e e e- Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

17 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Building Construction Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Off-Road e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Off-Road e e

18 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e Paving Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Off-Road e e e e e e e Paving e e e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Off-Road e e e e e e e Paving e e e e e e e

19 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e Architectural Coating Unmitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Archit. Coating Off-Road e e e e e Unmitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling e e e- Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Archit. Coating Off-Road e e e e e

20 Mitigated Construction Off-Site N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Hauling e e e- Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e e Operational Detail - Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Mitigated e e Unmitigated e e Trip Summary Information Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT Gasoline/Service Station 2, , ,553,903 1,553,903 2, , , ,553,903 1,553, Trip Type Information Miles Trip % Trip Purpose % Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C- Gasoline/Service Station W 2.00 H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Fleet Mix Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Gasoline/Service Station Energy Detail Historical Energy Use: N 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy

21 N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Electricity Mitigated e e Electricity Unmitigated e e NaturalGas Mitigated e e e NaturalGas Unmitigated e e e Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas Unmitigated NaturalGa s Use N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kbtu/yr tons/yr MT/yr Gasoline/Service Station e e e e e e Mitigated NaturalGa s Use ROG NOx CO SO2 N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kbtu/yr tons/yr MT/yr Gasoline/Service Station e e e e e e Energy by Land Use - Electricity Unmitigated Electricity Use CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use kwh/yr t o n Gasoline/Service Station e- MT/yr e e e Mitigated Electricity Use CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e

22 Land Use kwh/yr t o n Gasoline/Service Station e- MT/yr e e e Area Detail 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Mitigated e e e e- Unmitigated e e e e- 6.2 Area by SubCategory Unmitigated N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Sub Architectural Coating e- Consumer Products e- Landscaping e e e e e e e e- Mitigated N CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Sub Architectural Coating e- Consumer Products e- Landscaping e e e e e e e e- 7.0 Water Detail 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

23 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category t o n Mitigated e- MT/yr e Unmitigated e e Water by Land Use Unmitigated Indoor/Out door Use CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal t o n Gasoline/Service Station / e- MT/yr e e e Mitigated Indoor/Out door Use CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use Mgal t o n Gasoline/Service Station / e- MT/yr e e e Waste Detail 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste Category/Year CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e t MT/yr o n Mitigated Unmitigated

24 8.2 Waste by Land Use Unmitigated Waste Disposed CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons t o n MT/yr Gasoline/Service Station Mitigated Waste Disposed CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Land Use tons t o n MT/yr Gasoline/Service Station Operational Offroad Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type 10.0 Stationary Equipment Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment Equipment Type Number 11.0 Vegetation

25 Attachment 2: Idle Emissions EMFAC2014 (v1.0.7) Emission Rates Region Type: County Region: Sonoma Calendar Year: 2019 Season: Annual Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories Units: miles/day for VMT, g/mile for RUNEX, PMBW and PMTW Area CalYr Season Veh Fuel Speed VMT Assumed % of Vehicles ROG_RUNEX TOG_RUNEX NOX_RUNEX CO2_RUNEX( Pavley I+LCFS) _RUNE X PM2_5_RUN EX Sonoma 2019 Annual LDA GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LDA DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual LDT1 GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LDT1 DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual LDT2 GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LDT2 DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual MDV GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual MDV DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual MCY GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LHDT1 GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LHDT1 DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual LHDT2 GAS Sonoma 2019 Annual LHDT2 DSL Sonoma 2019 Annual 100% IdleVehicle Emission Rate = gram/hr based on 5 mph emission rate for 1 hour (5 miles) Assume 12 vehicles constantly idling per peak demand hour = gram/hr Assume peak demand hour is 10% of daily emission rate = gram/day lbs/day Source of idle emissions (from CARB, see ) tons/year (metric tons CO 2 e) Idling Emission Rates for EMFAC2011 LDV Vehicle Categories Step 1 Extract 5 MPH Running emission rates from Emission Rate Web Database at Step 2 Calculate the by model year LDV idling emission rates by multiplying the 5 MPH Running emission rates by 5 (g/mile X mile/hr = g/hr).

26 EMFAC2014 (v1.0.7) Emission Rates Region Type: County Region: Sonoma Calendar Year: 2019 Season: Annual Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories Units: miles/day for VMT, g/mile for RUNEX, PMBW and PMTW Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel VMT Fraction ROG_RUNETOG_RUNECO_RUNEXNOx_RUNECO2_RUNE _RUNPM2_5_RUNEX Sonoma 2019 HHDT Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 HHDT Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 LDA Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 LDA Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 LDT1 Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 LDT1 Aggregated 5 DSL E Sonoma 2019 LDT2 Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 LDT2 Aggregated 5 DSL E Sonoma 2019 LHDT1 Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 LHDT1 Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 LHDT2 Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 LHDT2 Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 MCY Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 MDV Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 MDV Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 MH Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 MH Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 MHDT Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 MHDT Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 OBUS Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 OBUS Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 SBUS Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 SBUS Aggregated 5 DSL Sonoma 2019 UBUS Aggregated 5 GAS Sonoma 2019 UBUS Aggregated 5 DSL

27 EMFAC2014 (v1.0.7) Emission Rates Region Type: County Region: Sonoma Calendar Year: 2019 Season: Annual Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories Units: miles/day for VMT, trips/day for Trips, g/mile for RUNEX, PMBW and PMTW, g/trip for STREX, HTSK and RUNLS, g/vehicle/day for IDLEX, RESTL and DIURN Project Fraction Project ROG_RUN ROG_IDLE ROG_STRE ROG_HOT ROG_RUN ROG_REST ROG_DIU TOG Run TOG_RUN TOG_IDLE TOG_STRE TOG_HOT TOG_RUN LOSS Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Fraction Fraction Trips EX X X SOAK LOSS LOSS RN EX X X SOAK LOSS g/mile) Sonoma 2019 HHDT AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 HHDT AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 LDA AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 LDA AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 LDA AggregatedAggregatedELEC Sonoma 2019 LDT1 AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 LDT1 AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 LDT1 AggregatedAggregatedELEC Sonoma 2019 LDT2 AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 LDT2 AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 LHDT1 AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 LHDT1 AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 LHDT2 AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 LHDT2 AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 MCY AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 MDV AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 MDV AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 MH AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 MH AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 MHDT AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 MHDT AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 OBUS AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 OBUS AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 SBUS AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 SBUS AggregatedAggregatedDSL Sonoma 2019 UBUS AggregatedAggregatedGAS Sonoma 2019 UBUS AggregatedAggregatedDSL