Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT) Waste Management Projects

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1 Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT) & Waste Management Projects Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon Programme Officer, IETC Penang Eco Town Workshop 7 December 2011

2 Structure of Presentation About SAT Methodology Key Characteristics of SAT methodology Use of SAT Key elements Methodology / Decision making process of SAT

3 Why integrate Sustainable Development in Technology Assessment? Technology plays an important role in Development The dominant system of decision making in technology selection, focuses on economic considerations and tends to disassociate social and environmental factors A fragmented approach in making technology choices has implications on efficiency and sustainability of technology Integration of Economic, Social and Environmental considerations ensures Resource (Economic and Environmental) Efficiency and Social Acceptability

4 Sustainable Assessment of Technology (SAT) SAT Methodology Integrates Environmental, Social and Economic Considerations Focuses on environment and development together and puts them at the centre of the economic and political decision making process... Can be adapted to country specific parameters and constraints

5 SAT Some Key Characteristics It Undergoes progressive assessment (Tiered) procedure (screening, scoping and detail assessment) thereby optimizing information requirements. It operates on strategic as well as operational level It is a quantitative procedure allowing objective assessment, sensitivity analyses and incorporation of scenarios It incorporates Continuous improvement through Plan-Do- Check-Act (PDCA) cycle It is not an automated process thereby making country specific adaptation possible

6 Use of SAT Policy and Government Level Financing Institution Level For Strategic Planning and Policy making For Assessing projects for funding Operational Level For assessment of alternative technologies Community and Cluster Level For assessment and comparison of collective alternative technologies Community / Enterprise Level For comparing technology options

7 Application of SAT The application areas include: Environment and health related programs Provision of basic infrastructure such as roads, power, water etc. Bio-diversity management End-of pipe water and waste management technologies Water and waste recycling programs Process technology modernization at shop floors and at industrial clusters

8 SAT Methodology Issues to be addressed / Problems to be solved Situational Analysis Monitoring / Performance Evaluation Define targets Implementation Strategic Level Assessment Detailed engineering design & costing Public Information / Consultation Operational Level Assessment Anticipating Future Scenarios Preferred Technology Options Detailed Assessment Scoping Screening Customized Criteria and Indicators considering environmental, social and economic considerations

9 SAT Methodology Situation Analysis Situational Analysis Define targets Situation Analysis and Defining Targets The Situation Analysis includes: Baseline data collection Stakeholder consultation Mapping and analyses These two Steps help to identify issues, assess their significance and leads to setting of targets that should be addressed by proper technology intervention.

10 SAT Methodology Strategic level assessment Strategic Level Assessment This is done by planners, decision makers, elected representatives through participatory sessions The outcomes are important as it Helps to develop customized criteria and indicators for operational level from generic level. Facilitates short-listing and identification of suitable options Provides leads to future scenario building (e.g. population growth, tighten legal requirement) there by putting more light on technology choice.

11 SAT Methodology Operational level assessment Engineers and technical staff assess the available technology options Operational Level Assessment In community or enterprise level, operational level assessment can be the first step. The level of expert opinion and technical information is very important.

12 Tools for SAT Stakeholder Consultation Expert Opinion Information Strategic Level Assessment Operational Level Assessment

13 SAT Methodology Operation Level Three-Tier Assessment Screening Scoping Detailed Assessment Customized Criteria and Indicators considering environmental, social and economic considerations

14 SAT Methodology Operation Level In this Step: Screening The short listed systems from Operational level Assessment, undergoes objective YES/NO type answers Options which do not qualify one or all conditions, are directly eliminated. E.g.: Compliance to legal requirements or Use of nonhazardous substances

15 Screening at Operational Level Example: Waste Treatment Technology Criteria Mass burn Modular incineratio n Fluidized bed incinerati on RDF Sanitary land filling combined with aerobic composting Sanitary land filling combined with biomethanation Manual land filling combined with vermicompos ting Compliance with local env. Laws Compliance with national env. laws Compliance with MEA s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Safe to Use Yes No* Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Provides savings on resources Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes * There has been widespread concerns over the consistencyand adequacyof air pollution controls.

16 SAT Methodology Operation Level It is a Comprehensive and Qualitative type (High/Medium/Low) assessment Various technology options are assessed against generic or customized criteria and indicators with use of computational methods such as: The weighted sum technique Sensitivity analysis Scoping Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM): By Expert choice, a software using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to carry out MCDM

17 Sccoping at Operational Level Example: Waste Treatment Technology Criteria Weig ht (Wt.) Mass burn Fluidized bed incineration RDF Sanitary land filling combined with aerobic composting Sanitary land filling combined with biomethanation Manual land filling combined with vermicomposti ng Score Wt.*s core Score Wt.*sc ore Sco re Wt.*s core Score Wt.*sco re Score Wt.*scor e Score Wt.*scor e Suitability of waste characteristics to technology application Past experience (under similar condition) Land requirements 10 Overall pollutant removal efficiency Acceptability (to the public) Income generation potential 7 TOTAL (Weight * Assign score)

18 Scoping at Operational Level Example: Waste Treatment Technology Rank Number Score Technology system 1 Sanitary land filling with biomethanation 2 Manual land filling with vermicomposting 3 Sanitary land filling with aerobic (windrow) composting 4 Fluidized bed incineration 5 RDF 6 Mass burn The first three ranks of technology systems are short listed for Detailed Assessment

19 SAT Methodology Operation Level Detailed Assessment The options with best overall ratings from Scoping are selected for Technical and Economic feasibility Assessment The Assessment level is situation specific and requires detailed and quantitative information. The outcome is a list of technology options ranked as per their scores

20 Star Diagram for Detailed Assessment of criteria pertaining to Environmental Aspects only Secondary contaminant generation Sanitary landfilling with aerobic composting Sanitary landfilling with biomethanation Manual landfilling with vermicomposting 133, 126, Odour levels Noise levels

21 Star Diagram for Detailed Assessment of criteria pertaining to Economic Aspects only) Savings in energy Sanitary landfilling with aerobic composting Sanitary landfilling with biomethanation Manual landfilling with vermicomposting Capital investment NPV / IRR 249, 353, 316 O & M costs Payback period 100 Financial incentives

22 Star Diagram for Detailed Assessment of criteria pertaining to Technical Aspects only) Technical knowledge requirements Sanitary landfilling with aerobic composting Sanitary landfilling with biomethanation Manual landfilling with vermicomposting Process stability Level of automation Person-power requirements 367.5, 387.5, 459 Estimated useful life 25 Electricity consumption Fuel consumption

23 Composite Star Diagram for Detailed Assessment Sanitary landfilling with aerobic composting Sanitary landfilling with biomethanation Manual landfilling with vermicomposting Person-power requirements Technical knowledge requirements Process stability Level of automation Estimated useful life Odour levels Fuel consumption Noise levels Safety risk for workers and communities 805.5, 922.5, 1008 Electricity consumption PPE requirement for staff 25 Savings in energy 50 Capital investment Secondary contaminant generation NPV / IRR Payback period 75 O & M costs 100 Financial incentives

24 Ranking of Technology Options At this stage the ranking of technology system options is as follows: Option 1: Manual land filling with vermicomposting Option 2: Sanitary land filling with bio methanation Option 3: Sanitary land filling with aerobic composting

25 SAT Methodology Operation Level Anticipating Future Scenario In order to check the robustness of selected technology options, same methodology with simulated future scenario s to be applied so at to confirm that the technology stands the test of time.

26 SAT Methodology Preferred Technology Options Before discarding low scoring options and/or final decision on selection of technology one must keep in mind Highest score technology option for current scenario needs to be carefully reviewed for different scenarios as it may not be equally eligible as feasible option in other scenarios On the other hand, the technology options with less score may qualify for different scenarios with suitable technology transfer/capacity building efforts.

27 SAT Methodology Operation Level Implementation and Monitoring Once the decision on Suitable Option is made, this step covers the following: Engineering design Tendering Actual construction and commissioning Evaluation of technology during operational phase ensures meeting of desired objective against criteria considered in SAT process

28 SAT Methodology Reporting, Monitoring and Feedback Reporting the outcome of monitoring and evaluation to stakeholders, govt. agencies and decision makers acts as basis for situation analysis for future projects and helps in making informed decisions It helps refine and build the Methodology by - Inclusion of additional criteria Disqualification of technology in future for similar situations due to negative experiences.

29 SAT Application Details Tier 1 screening Tier 2 Scoping 4 criteria total Compliance with local environmental laws or guidelines, compliance with national environmental laws, compliance with MEAs, meeting project objectives 5 components, 32 criteria total Technical suitability: compatibility with local conditions (geographical and climate, including settlement patterns and density), local material usage, availability of expertise, track record on performance, technical knowledge requirements, compatibility with existing situation, adaptability to future situations, process stability, estimated useful life, pollutant removal efficiency Environment health & safety risks: risk levels for workers, communities, biodiversity Environment resources and emissions: resource usage, energy consumption, renewable energy, water consumption, resource augmentation capabilities Economic/financial aspects: capital investments, O&M costs, benefits Sociocultural aspects: acceptability, extent of resettlement/rehabilitation, etc. Tier 3 Detailed assessment 3 components, 18 criteria total Environment resources and emissions: land/space requirement, labor requirement, energy consumption,, emissions, etc. Economic-financial aspects: capital costs, O&M, benefits (nutrients and energy reclaimed, carbon credits, etc.), financial incentives Economic viability: NPV, payback period

30 IETC Activities on Waste Management Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) projects in Wuxi (China), Pune (India), Maseru (Lesotho), Matale (Sri Lanka), Novo Hamburgo (Brazil), Bahir Dar (Ethiopia), Pathum Thani (Thailand), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) WEEE / e-waste management project in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) Converting waste agricultural biomass into resource in Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Sri Lanka Converting waste plastics into resource in Philippines and Thailand Regional training SAT, ISWM, WEEE / E-waste management, waste agricultural biomass management, and waste plastics management Various publications including compendiums of technologies and guideline Report on Waste and Climate Change launched in Cancun Global Partnership on Waste Management (GPWM) Information Platform on Waste Management

31 Integrated Waste Management based on 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) 3 1 3R Methane & heat Residential Energy Treatment Recovery Final waste Final disposal Hazardous Waste for Treatment & Disposal 3R Industrial& Commercial Collection of Waste Segregation of Waste Recycling waste (organic & inorganic) Waste Exchange Discarded waste Sanitary Landfill, Incineration 3R Services (Healthcare, Laboratory, etc.) Resources Plastics, wood, steel, paper, glass, and compost/biogas

32 3 2 Pilot Projects on ISWM Wuxi New District, China 2008 Pune City, India 2008 Maseru City, Lesotho 2009 Matale City, Sri Lanka 2009 Novo Hamburgo, Brazil 2009 Nairobi, Kenya 2010 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 2010 Pathum Thani, Thailand 2011 Addis Ababa 2011 Danang, Vietnam Kampot, Cambodia

33 Outcomes of Projects Local capacity building on: Baseline studies, assessment of gaps, target setting, stakeholders consultations, development of plans, identification of environmentally sound technologies and implementation & review Enabling environment: Policy recommendations (regulatory and financing) based on learning from international experiences Tangible outcomes: Resource augmentation and resource efficiency to support economic activities without putting pressure on environmental resources Partnerships: Multi-level government, private sector and civil society partnerships 3 3

34 Normative Work on ISWM South-South Cooperation on ISWM 2008 Training Manuals on ISWM (four volumes) Waste characterization and quantification Assessment of current waste management system Target setting and stakeholders issues of concern how to develop ISWM Plan? Regional Training on ISWM Manuals: Africa in Mauritius Mar 09 Asia-Pacific in Osaka Oct 09 Asia-Pacific in Seoul July10 Training on SAT for ISWM Dec10 3 4

35 Technologies Methodology to assess technologies (Sustainability Assessment of Technologies, SAT) was developed to assist practitioners to provide financial, environmental, social and technical assessment to policy makers for well informed decision-making Various compendium of technologies are compiled to provide information on technology routes, technology providers and technology details (wherever available) Experts, technology providers, technology users and policy makers workshops on technology to provide opportunity discuss the challenges and possible solutions Field visits to provide direct feeling and understanding on how technologies are working in different environments / locations 3 5

36 E-waste Management Capacity building of local partners on E-waste Inventory and Management: Training and application of manuals through pilot projects International Workshops in Osaka 2010 and /02/2012 Centre 36

37 Global Partnership on Waste Management 3 7

38 Information Platform Structure 3 8

39 International Environmental Technology Centre Osaka Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka , Japan Tel : +81 (0) Fax : +81 (0) unep.tie@unep.org Web: Thank You