THERMODYNAMICS. V10CFD0 - Steam Generation and Utilization Plant

Transcription

1 THERMODYNAMICS V10CFD0 - Steam Generation and Utilization Plant 1. General Plants for the generation and utilization of water steam are particularly important for didactic purposes because due to their complexity they are of interest to various training fields such as thermodynamics, electrotechnics, mechanics, plant design and others. Didacta Italia offers a plant that is small, safe and easy to use. It can be used to conduct numerous tests on the technology and use of steam plants. The installation is also very simple: stonework is not required; only the electrical power supply and water supply from the normal distribution networks. The basic plant (see synoptic in fig. 3) generates steam by means of a boiler, uses it by means of an action turbine and, finally, condenses and recovers it. The plant includes units for supplying water and fuel, an electrical board for controls and commands, and the instruments needed for performing the basic tests. Some optional kits are provided to increase the number of ways to use the plant and run further tests. A data acquisition and analysis system for Personal Computers, called SAD/V10CF, is available to monitor the principal parameters of the plant in real time, take measurements by means of a Personal Computer, produce characteristic curves (on screen or print-outs) of various components, and store test data on disc or print them out. The optional kits and the SAD/V10CF system are described on separate sheets. The system is supplied complete with manuals describing the system in all its parts, the procedures for installation and use. It also presents numerous didactic tests along with the test results. 2. Composition Basic plant (code ) Water supply treatment unit (A); Water supply unit (M); Fuel supply unit (C); Steam generation unit (D); Steam flow rate measuring unit (E); Steam utilization unit (H); Steam condensation and recovery unit (B); Electric command and control board (L). DIDACTA Italia S.r.l. - Strada del Cascinotto, 139/ Torino - Italy Tel Fax info@didacta.it

2 Fig. 1 - Steam generation unit (D) Optional units Electric Superheater (code ) Surface desuperheater (code ); Cooling tower (code ); Separating and throttling calorimeter for steam (code ); Steam injectors study unit (code ); Pipe insulation efficiency study unit (code ); Steam condenser study unit (code ); T126D - Steam nozzle test bed (code ); Exhaust gas temperature measuring unit (code ); Kit for chemical analysis of exhaust gases (code ); Water analysis kit (code ) Double effect evaporator steam bench (code ) Process plant steam bench (code ) SAD/V10CF - Automatic Data Acquisition System for steam plants Fig. 2 - Steam utilization unit w/o insulation (H) Electronic Transducers Kit, complete with Feeding and Signal Conditioning Unit and A/D Conversion Board (Code ); Acquisition and Analysis Software for MS-Windows (Code ). 3. Description Water supply treatment unit (A) Water softener unit made of plastic (A1) with max. capacity of 1000 I/h and automatic operation with timed resin regeneration; can be cut-out by means of by-pass valves; Polyphosphate dispenser to neutralize water (A2); Volumetric meter of supply water flow rate (QA); Supply water filter (FA); Supply water pressure control gauge (PA). Water supply unit (M) Supply water tank (M1), in protected steel with epoxy paint, capacity 300 liters; Supply water thermometer (TM); Water level and overflow regulation system with level indicator (LM); Supply water filters (FM1, FM2). Page 2

3 Fuel supply unit (C) Gas oil tank (C 1), capacity 100 liters; Fuel level indicator (LC); Fuel thermometer (TC); Safety valve (VC); Set of valves unit for consumption test under conditions of maximum take and burner reflux. Steam generation unit (D) This unit (see fig. 1) consists of: High-output, forced-circulation, water pipe boiler (D1), absolutely safe (driver s licenses not required); Technical features - steam production 200 kg/h - max. potential kcal/h - heated surface 8 m 2 - max pressure 12 bar - operating pressure 10 bar Industrial-type gas oil burner (D2); Water supply piston pump (D3); Technical features - flow rate 200l/h - pressure 12 bar Fuel filter (FD); Automatic condensate drainage valve (VD1); Boiler safety valve (VD2); Maximum steam pressure switch (PD1); Steam safety pressure switch (PD2); Steam pressure gauge (PD3); Burner pressure gauge (PD4); Digital steam thermostat (TD); Water supply flow gauge (QD); Exhaust smoke chimney (D4) made of galvanized steel, built according to the needs (standard length 12 m). Steam flow rate measuring unit (E) Calibrated diaphragm (E1) located directly on steam piping; Differential gauge (PE) for measuring steam flow rate; Condensate collection tanks (E2, E3). Steam utilization unit (H) This unit (see fig. 2) consists of: Action steam turbine (H1) operating by atmospheric discharge or vacuum; Technical characteristics - power supplied: 1 kw - speed: 2900 rpm - automatic locking mechanism in case of runaway speed - manual stopping device in case of emergency. Manual steam inlet flow rate regulation valve (VH1); Automatic condensate drainage valves (VH2, VH3, VH4); Steam filters (FH1, FH2, FH3, FH4, FH5); Turbine steam inlet pressure gauge (PH 1); Vacuum gauge for measuring pressure/vacuum downstream of the turbine (PH2); Pt100 thermo-resistances for measuring steam temperature upstream and downstream of the turbine (TH1, TH2); Dynamometric unit with rocking casing (H2) equipped with strength gauge for measuring torque (T), and proximity sensor for measuring rotation rpm speed (n). The dynamometric unit transforms the mechanical energy produced by the turbine in electrical energy. Electric load built-up of a series of three 0.5Ω electric resistances and with a voltmeter and an ammeter to evaluate the electric power. The electrical energy produced through the dynamometric unit is completely dissipated in the electric load.

4 Steam condensation and recovery unit (B) A tube-bundle type steam condenser (B1) with a pressure and temperature control system; A single-stage motor-driven liquid circuit air pump (B3) for recovering condensed steam in the supply water tank (M1); Technical features - vacuum mm Hg - suction flow rate 7 50 m 3 /h - service liquid flow rate 8 12 l/min Heat exchanger (B2) Flow meter for measuring flow rate of coolant to condenser (QB); Pt100 thermo resistances for measuring water and steam temperature (TB1, TB2, TB3, TB4). Electric control and command board (L) The board supplies electricity to all electrical components of the plant and includes the following controls and indicators: Main magneto thermal switch with differential; Magnetothermal switch for water softener unit A1; Electrical board power supply push-button; Motor-driven pump B3 ON switch; Boiler D1 switch; Dynamometric unit H2 switch; Dynamometric unit H2 load variator; Dynamometric unit H2 voltmeter and ammeters; Dynamometric unit H2 rpm indicator; Dynamometric unit H2 torque indicator; Resistive load for dynamometric unit dissipation H2; Digital temperature indicator with selector-switch, connected to Pt100 thermo resistances located at the characteristic points of the plant. Digital temperature indicator with selector switch, connected to Pt100 thermo resistances located at the characteristic points of the optional (cooling tower code , desuperheater code ). 4. Experiments Procedure for running a thermal plant Safety standards Set up the plant Pressurization test Steam plant inspection Running a thermal plant Maintenance procedures Principles of operation for a thermal plant Techniques for measuring and controlling pressure in a thermal plant; Techniques for measuring and controlling temperature in a thermal plant; Studying heat transfer in a water/steam condenser operating in equi-current or counter-current mode (with optional unit code ). Steam measurements Steam flow-rate measurements; Determining steam/water ratio (with optional unit code ); Determining enthalpy and entropy values of steam (with optional unit code ). Rankine cycle analysis Determining thermal efficiency of main components of plant; Determining overall thermal efficiency of plant; Comparing real and ideal overall thermal efficiency; How condensation pressure and working temperature affect Rankine cycle; How steam lamination affects the Rankine cycle; Effects of pressure drop between generator outlet and turbine inlet on real cycle. Measurements on steam generator Determining amount of heat produced by combustion; Determining amount of heat received by water vapor in the boiler; Determining steam generator efficiency; Page 4

5 Determining chimney losses; Analysis of combustion smokes and optimization of generator operating conditions (with optional unit code ). Measurements on steam turbine Determining ideal power developed by steam; Determining real power developed by steam; Determining thermodynamic efficiency of turbine; Determining mechanical power at turbine shaft; Determining mechanical efficiency of turbine. Measurements on steam condenser Determining amount of heat yielded by steam to condenser; Determining heat balance of condenser; Determining efficiency of an evaporation-type cooling tower (with optional unit code ). 5. Required services Electrical power supply: 380V three-phase, 50/60 Hz, 4 kw Water supply from water network 6. Weights and dimensions Dimensions: 3500 x 4000 x 3500h mm Weight when empty: 1400 kg Fig.3 - Basic Plant Synoptic A. Water supply treatment unit B. Steam condensation and recovery unit C. Fuel supply unit D. Steam generator unit E. Steam flow rate measuring unit H. Steam utilization unit L. Electric command and control board M. Water supply unit

6 OPTIONAL SAD/V10CF - Automatic Data Acquisition System for Steam Plants 1. General The system enables to automatically perform the experiments on Didacta V10CF Steam Plants by means of a PC minimum Pentium. The system is supplied with an instruction manual which describes the technical features of the system (hardware and software), explains how to set-up and calibrate the data acquisition system, suggests several exercises and gives sample experimental data and diagrams. 2. Composition The automatic data acquisition system SAD/V10CF includes: Electronic Transducers Kit, complete with Feeding and Signal Conditioning Unit and A/D Conversion Board (Code ); Acquisition and Analysis Software for MS-Windows (Code ). 3. Description Electronic Transducers Kit, complete with Feeding and Signal Conditioning Unit and A/D Conversion Board (Code ) The system includes the following electronic transducers: No. 2 pressure transducers for the measurement of the turbine input and output pressure. Differential pressure transducer for the measurement of the steam flowrate. Transducer for the measurement of the water flowrate with digital indicator. No. 7 temperature digital indicators (i/o one digital indicator with selector). Signal converter for turbine torque measurement. Signal converter for turbine rpm measurement. Signal conditioning unit, 16 analog inputs, 16 bit resolution, maximum AI sample rate 250 Ks/s; signal streaming for sustained high speed data streams over USB. Data Acquisition and Analysis Software (Code ) The data acquisition and analysis software runs in MS-Windows environment and is used to acquire data in real time, to process and to file them. It allows to display or print out the parameters and diagrams obtained by the different exercises. Besides, instead of automatically acquire data from transducers, it is possible to enter such data through the keyboard by reading the values on the traditional instruments located on the equipment and using the processing and filing software. This solution allows the independent use of the software without the transducers. 4. Required PC configuration PC minimum Pentium with Hard Disk (>10Gb) and CD drive, minimum SVGA graphic card, mouse, RAM 32 Mb, USB port; Windows XP or later versions; Graphic Printer. Cod. R00518/E 0511 Ed. 01 Rev. 05 In qualsiasi momento e senza preavviso, la Didacta Italia potrà apportare ai propri prodotti, ferme restando le caratteristiche essenziali descritte, le modifiche che riterrà opportune secondo le esigenze di carattere costruttivo o didattico. Page 6