Three Connected Interactives

Transcription

1 Three Connected Interactives Carbon Dioxide and the Carbon Cycle Earth s Energy Flows and Climate Impacts of Climate Change in the Pacific Region

2 Climate Change: Causes and Impacts Human Activities More CO 2 In Atmosphere More CO 2 In Ocean More Energy In Earth System Impacts of Climate Change

3 EARTH S ENERGY FLOWS AND CLIMATE CHANGE Human Activities Change Carbon Cycle This interactive focuses on the ways that energy flows into, within and out of the Earth system. These flows result in local climates and Earth s global climate. EARTH S ENERGY FLOWS ARE CHANGING IN WAYS THAT CAUSE GLOBAL WARMING AND OTHER CLIMATE CHANGES. Climate Changes Impact Ecosystems and Human Systems.

4 OUTER SPACE ATMOSPHERE EARTH S SURFACE

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7 Greenhouse Effect Simulation

8 Testing Gases: Transmit, Reflect, or Absorb?

9 Climate Change: Causes and Impacts Human Activities More CO 2 In Atmosphere More CO 2 In Ocean More Energy In Earth System Impacts of Climate Change

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11 Heat Energy Moves In Three Ways C WAYS HEAT ENERGY MOVES CONDUCTION OBJECTS TOUCHING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (EM) CONVECTION. RADIATION

12 Heat Energy Moves In Three Ways C WAYS HEAT ENERGY MOVES OBJECTS TOUCHING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (EM) CONDUCTION Warm object touches cooler object and makes it warmer. CONVECTION Warm object flows into cooler object and makes it warmer. RADIATION Objects do not touch each other at all. Radiation does not involve objects touching. EM waves not involved in heating by conduction. EM waves not involved in heating by convection. Infrared EM waves radiate from warmer object, are absorbed by cooler object, and make it warmer.

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15 Testing Gases: Transmit, Reflect, or Absorb?

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17 Heat Energy Out Sunlight Energy In Oxygen In Carbon Dioxide Out Water In Heat Energy Out Water Out Sunlight Energy In Oxygen Out Electric Energy In Carbon Dioxide In Waste Out Garbage Out Food In A Home and Garden System Some System Properties: A Happy Family; Energy Efficiency or Carbon Footprint of Home

18 EARTH S SURFACE OUTER SPACE

19 ENERGY FLOWS AND THE EARTH SYSTEM OUTER SPACE E A R T H S Y S T E M E A R T H S Y S T E M

20 EARTH S ENERGY FLOWS OUTER SPACE 1: Light energy from the Sun radiates into the Earth system. 5: Heat energy radiates from Earth s surface as IR. Greenhouse gases keep the energy longer in the Earth system by absorbing this IR that eventually leaves the Earth system to outer space. 2: Absorption of light energy warms Earth s surface, especially the ocean. 3: Earth s surface warms the atmosphere by conduction and radiation. EARTH S SURFACE 4: Convection distributes heat energy within the Earth system.

21 ENERGY FLOWS AND THE EARTH SYSTEM OUTER SPACE Light energy from the Sun radiatesto planet Earth. Some light is reflected and not absorbed. Heat energy leaves Earth and radiatesto outer space, cooling the planet. E A R T H S Y S T E M Planet Earth is heated by the sunlight. Areas near the equator get more sunlight and are much warmer than areas near the poles. Uneven heating of the planet causes convection currents (winds and ocean currents) that move heat energy from tropical areas toward the poles. Planet Earth s regional climates and global climate result from the incoming light energy and the movements of the heat energy within the Earth system and out of the Earth system. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap radiating heat and keep the heat longer in the Earth system. E A R T H S Y S T E M

22 Global Climate Is A Property of the Earth System Global climate results from the interactions of the parts of the Earth system (e.g., atmosphere, ocean, life) with the incoming sunlight and with each other. No part of the Earth system has this property. It is a property of the whole Earth system. Changing the parts of the Earth system can alter global climate in profound and sometimes unexpected ways.

23 Global Climate Change Humans alter Earth s carbon cycle by adding adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere Increased greenhouse effect traps more heat energy within the Earth system The extra heat energy causes global warming (higher air and ocean temperatures). Global warming and the increased carbon dioxide cause even more changes which are collectively called global climate change.

24 CO 2 Levels Past 400,000 Years

25 Temperature and CO 2 Past 400,000 Years

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27 Jigsaw Puzzle People can work together to do a jigsaw puzzle. Each person can bring information and skills to help the whole group see the big picture.

28 Example of a Jigsaw Learning Activity A class is divided into three groups such as Group A, Group B and Group C. Each group learns something different about a topic by reading or doing a hands-on activity. The class then forms new groups. Each new group has at least one person from Group A, one person from Group B and one person from Group C. People in the new groups share what they learned in their previous group. Now everyone has more information about the topic. The new groups share with the whole class to help everyone correctly understand the big ideas about the topic.

29 How Do Scientists Know About Carbon In The Atmosphere? Group A reads and discusses the section Carbon Dioxide Sensors. Group B reads and discusses the section Ice Cores. Group C reads and discusses the section Plant Leaf Stomata. Instructor divides the class into new groups. Each new group has at least one person from Group A, one person from Group B and one person from Group C. People in the new groups share what they learned in their previous group so everyone learns about carbon dioxide sensors, ice cores and plant leaf stomata. Instructor leads a whole class discussion about how scientists know about carbon in the atmosphere.

30 CO 2 Levels in Atmosphere 400,000 Years Ago to 100 Years Ago

31 Imagine that a very small amount of dry air has 10,000 molecules. Each dot represents one molecule. Of the 10,000 dots shown: 7,808 are nitrogen molecules 2,095 are oxygen molecules 93 are argon atoms 4 are carbon dioxide molecules

32 Gases in Dry Air GAS % Parts Per 10,000 PPM Nitrogen 78.1% 7, Oxygen 20.9% 2, Argon 0.93% 93 9,300 CO % 4 400

33 ppm means parts per million

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47 Which diagram best shows where water usually rises and sinks in the ocean?

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