The 2nd Yellow Sea Regional Science Conference in Xiamen, China, Feb 24-26, 2010

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1 The 2nd Yellow Sea Regional Science Conference in Xiamen, China, Feb 24-26, 2010

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3 NOWPAP region

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5 The Common Procedures

6 Holistic Secondary Assessment checkup for finding drivers Detailed Holistic assessment in the detected potential eutrophic areas with the Common Procedures

7 Means of observation Strength Weaknesses Satellite Remote Sensing Preliminary Assessment for screening Ship board measurement Holistic Assessment for finding drivers Wider area and higher temporal coverage Free data access over the Internet Objectively detect relative change Obtain data under sea surface Can obtain actual measured value Low accuracy in estimation of Chl-a in coastal area No data obtained under cloud Data is available only at sea surface Data represent only point of information Analysis of Chl-a need expertise Costly

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9 36.5 to 38.0 O N to O E Toyama Bay Toyama Pref.

10 36.5 to 38.0 O N to O E Toyama Bay Toyama Pref.

11 Achievement rate of water quality standard (%)

12 Sensor Algorithm Duration Data NASDA (JAXA) OCTS on ADEOS NASA SeaWiFS on Orbview 2 NASA MODIS on Aqua NASA OC4 (standard algorithm) 13 Years from Jan 1997 to Dec 2009 Monthly composite Jun 2002 Dec 2009 Present Nov 1996 Sep 1997 Jun 1997 Dec 2004

13 HD Current status high but decreasing trend HN Current status high but no decreasing or increasing trend HI Current status high and increasing trend LD Current status low and decreasing trend LN Current status low and no decreasing or increasing trend LI Current status low but increasing trend

14 Decrease Increase

15 HI Severe eutrohic area -> Holistic assessment needed HN Eutrophic area -> Holistic assessment needed HD Potential eutrophic area -> Holistic assessment needed LI Potential eutrophic area -> Holistic assessment needed LN LD Non eutrophic area -> No Holistic assessment needed Non eutrophic area -> No Holistic assessment needed Decrease Increase

16 Holistic Assessment for finding drivers Detected eutrophic area by preliminary assessment Detailed assessment with the Common Procedures in the detected potential eutrophic areas by satellite Chl-a

17 Category I Degree of nutrient enrichment (NE) II Direct effects of NE Parameters Loading of TN and TP TN and TP Winter DIN and DIP Winter DIN/DIP ratio Chl-a (field data) Chl-a (satellite) Red tide (diatom) Application of identification tools Status (High or Low) Comparison - Occurrence - - Trend III Indirect effects of NE DO Fish kill COD - - IV Other possible effects of NE Food poisoning Red tide (Noctiluca sp.) - -

18 Category I Degree of nutrient enrichment (NE) II Direct effects of NE III Indirect effects of NE IV Other possible effects of NE Parameters TN TP Winter DIN Winter DIP Winter DIN/DIP ratio Chl-a (for both field and satellite data) Red tide (diatom) DO Fish kill COD Food poisoning Red tide (Noctiluca sp.) Status (High or Low) Comparison 0.3 mg/l Occurrence - -

19 Location Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient (!) Probability (p) Significant difference Identification Result Joganji R ns N Jinzu R I Total I ns: no significant difference detected,:<0.05, :<0.01

20 Location Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient! Probability p Significant difference Identification result Joganji R ns N Jinzu R D Total D ns: no significant difference detected,:<0.05, :<0.01

21 Category Parameter Identification Status Trend Comparison Occurrence Classification by Parameter by Category I Loading of TN - - I I Loading of TP - - D D TN L - None LN TP L - None LN Winter DIN H - None HN Winter DIP L - None LN Winter DIN/DIP ratio - - None N II Annual max Chl-a (field) L - None LN Annual mean Chl-a (field) L - None LN Annual max Chl-a (satellite) H - None HN Annual mean Chl-a (satellite) L - None LN Red tide (diatom) - None D LD III DO H - D LI Fish kill - None None LN COD L - I LI IV Food poisoning - None None LN Red tide (Noctiluca) - None None LN HI HN LI LN

22 Category I Degree of nutrient Enrichment (NE) II Direct effects of NE III Indirect effects of NE IV Other possible effects of NE Classification results HI HN LI LN Interpretation of results Nitrogen was considered as a driver of eutrophication, because loading of TN was increased and winter DIN was also high Annual max of Chl-a over 20µg/L was recorded in satellite observation, and therefore routine observation is required Continuous observation is necessary, because decrease of DO and increase of COD was found. Eutrophication is not yet proceeded in category IV, but continuous observation is necessary.

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24 Thank you very much!