Viscosifying FR Fluids Mark Van Domelen

Transcription

1 Viscosifying FR Fluids Mark Van Domelen

2 Topics What are VFRs? Potential Advantages Using VFRs with Produced Water Q & A Current activity Challenges R&D work 2

3 What are VFRs? VFRs are viscosifying polymers used in fracturing operations that are added to frac water in order to reduce pipe friction, develop viscosity, and transport proppant. VFR 3 gpt VFR fluids are being used as alternatives to slickwater or hybrid-type frac designs. 3

4 Potential Advantages of VFRs Fewer chemicals required on location Rapid hydration High regain fracture conductivity Good proppant transport Reduced water consumption Can be used in produced waters 4

5 Fewer Chemicals Crosslinked Gel Formulation Guar gel ph Control (low) ph Control (High) Instant Crosslinker Delayed Crosslinker Breaker Biocide Surfactant Scale inhibitor Clay control VFR Formulation VFR Polymer Breaker Biocide Surfactant Scale inhibitor Clay control 5

6 Viscosity Profiles Test in Tap 3 gpt VFR Test in Average Quality Frac Water 6

7 Hydration and Friction Reduction Test in Tap Water Test in Produced Water 7

8 Regain Fracture Conductivity Regain conductivity is a measure of how well the fracturing fluid restores the original, undamaged fracture conductivity after flow through a proppant pack. 9 Data from PropTester and StimLab Consortium All tests included breaker and surfactant

9 10 Proppant Transport (Guar vs. VFR)

10 Proppant Transport (Guar vs. VFR) Proppant Transport Experimental Setup 11

11 Proppant Transport 1 ppg 40/70 sand 3gpt Viscosity sec-1 20 ppt linear guar gel Viscosity sec-1 12

12 Reduced Water Usage and Shorter Pump Times 30% Less Water 42 minute shorter pump time Slickwater Design Water Used 10,810 bbls Pump Time 128 minutes Prop Conc. (PPA) Stage Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Prop. Mass (LBS) Pump Rate (BPM) Cum. Time Description Fluid Type Load Well Slickwater 0 2,000 2, % HCL Acid ,000 4, Pad Slickwater ,000 44, mesh Slickwater ,000 84,000 20, mesh Slickwater , ,000 50, mesh Slickwater , ,000 90, mesh Slickwater , , , mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , /70 mesh Slickwater , , , Flush Slickwater , , , VFR Design Water Used 7,000 bbls Pump Time 86 minutes Prop Conc. (PPA) Stage Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Prop. Mass (LBS) Pump Rate (BPM) Cum. Time Description Fluid Type Load Well HVFR , % HCL Acid 0 3,000 4, Pad HVFR ,000 29, mesh HVFR ,000 54,000 12, mesh HVFR ,000 79,000 37, mesh HVFR , ,000 75, mesh HVFR , , , mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , /70 mesh HVFR , , , Flush HVFR , , ,

13 VFRs in Produced Waters Current Activity Midland Basin Operator Frac Design Objectives 3-4 ppg sand +/- 600k lbs per stage Started with 50:50 ratio Now pumping 100% produced water Over 20 wells completed using HVFR General Information Water 1 Water 2 Water Fresh water Produced water Date received Fluid appearance Clear Turbid Precipitate at bottom None yes Fluid color Colorless Opaque light brown Fluid Odor None Organic smell ph Specific gravity Parameters Concentration Concentration Alkalinity (1) (as CaCO3 mg/l) 186 mg/l 1080 mg/l Total Hardness (1) (as CaCO3 mg/l) 376 mg/l 9530 mg/l Calcium (1) (as CaCO3 mg/l) 354 mg/l 8150 mg/l Magnesium (1) (as CaCO3 mg/l) 22 mg/l 1380 mg/l Manganese (2) (as Mn) 0.1 mg/l 11.5 mg/l Iron (2) (Fe) 0.06 mg/l 17.8 mg/l Phosphate (3) (PO4) 5 mg/l 5 mg/l Sulfate (2) (SO4) 230 mg/l 790 mg/l Barium (2) (Ba) 1 mg/l 16 mg/l Hydrogen Sulfide (4) (H2S) 0 0 Free Chlorine (as Cl2) 0 0 Chloride (3) (Cl) 189 mg/l mg/l TDS (5) (as conductivity at 25C) 898 mg/l mg/l 14

14 18 Thank You