Solid Waste Management City Profile

Transcription

1 Solid Waste Management City Profile ANTANANARIVO - Madagascar City Information Population: 2,287,322 inhabitants (year 2016) Area (km 2 ): 87 km2 (8 700 ha) Climate: The city has a tropical climate characterized by a rainy season from November to March, and a dry season from April to October Average annual rainfall: 1360mm per year Main Economic Activities: Local industrialization (food, tobacco, textiles), trade, transport City website: 1

2 Country Information Population: 24, 313,180 inhabitants Area (km 2 ): 587,041 km2 Economy and GNI/Capita According to WB classification Madagascar is a country classified as Low Income Economy ($1,005 OR LESS) USD/per Capita in year USD/per Capita in year USD/per Capita in year 2014 (Sources: INSTAT Madagascar) Main Economic Activities - primary sector (agriculture): 24.8 % of GDP - secondary sector (industry): 16.2 % of GDP - tertiary sector (services): 59 % of GDP (Sources: INSTAT Madagascar). Government Agencies responsible for guidance on waste legislation 1) Ministry of Water Energy and Hydrocarbons (MWEH) 2) Ministry of State in charge of Presidential Projects of Spatial Planning and equipment (MSPPSPE) (Technical supervision) 2

3 MSW Sector Overview: City Level Classification of MSW Waste types classified as MSW for Antananarivo city: - Household Waste - Commercial Waste - Ordinary Industrial Waste (OIW) MSW Generation For Year 2016 in Antananarivo city, tons generated per year kg/per Capita/year - 0.6Kg/per Capita/day Collection Coverage and Type In Ton/per year, Tons are collected in Approximately 53% of the waste generated is formally collected and disposed. There is no selective waste collection Waste Composition - Organic Waste: 45.37% - Papers and cardboard: 4% - Plastics: 6% - Metal: 1% - Glass: 0.76% - Textile: 3.45% - Others and fine part of waste: 39.42% (Source SAMVA 2003) Waste Management Practice The bulk of the waste is collected in bulk and disposed of at the Andranalitra landfill operated since 1966, which is an open-air landfill without any treatment (no gas treatment or leachate collection pond). Landfill description: overall capacity and tonnages of buried waste: 1,050,000 tonnes (approximately 2100,000 m3: 18ha * 15 to 20m height) 3

4 Formal Waste Sector Collecting, transporting waste in Urban Community of Antananarivo (UCA) is managed by SAMVA which is a service created by Law whose mission is the operation of sanitation works including three strands: wastewater, household garbage - waste products - Law of creation of SAMVA (Presidency of the Republic of the Council of the government) Collection description: Wastes are collected from 320 bins placed in six boroughs, transported by 35 rented trucks in the landfill of Andranalitra. The landfill of Andranalitra is also managed by the SAMVA. Pre-collection description: Waste are collected in door-to-door by association agents in neighborhoods (Called RF2) without a contract but governed by a municipal decree create in The pre-collection waste is sent to the SAMVA bins for collection. There are 44 neighborhoods who are working in pre-collection in Recycling and composting description: Since 2016, a pilot project of composting is carried out on the landfill to treat the organic fraction of the waste. This project is operated by Madacompost society with the financial support of French Development Agency and technical support of GEVALOR Ngo. Informal Waste Sector The informal sector is particularly important in the commune of Antananarivo, particularly in the recovery of materials. Number of waste pickers in Andranalitra Landfill: waste pickers (more or less) in Number of waste picker in the city: Unknown. Type of materials recovered by the informal sector: Organic Waste, Papers, Plastics, animal bones, metal. 4

5 Financing of MSW Pre-collection financing: direct payment of users to neighborhood associations à Ar / pet month (1$ USD = Ar) Collection financing: Fee on household waste collected at the rate of 4 to 8% on the IFBP / property taxes on the built properties). Financing also from SAMVA's own fund. SAMVA bills collection of ordinary industrial waste following the service provision (collection from private companies and industries). Since SAMVA is a body attached to MEEH and one with the Ministry of Planning as Technical Supervision: a budget PIP (public investment program) is planned as subsidy / annual by both ministry. Waste Management Challenges - Investment in rolling stock for collections - Increase the storage capacity of the Andranalitra landfill pending the opening of a new site - Research and construction of a new landfill site (CETV) - Increase valorization waste on intermediate centers to reduce tonnages to collect and bury - Initiation of selective collection at source Technical Assistance - Technical Assistance according by Madacompost Society and Gevalor NGO for a pilot project of a rehabilitation of Adranalitra landfill through the combination of excavation associated with fresh garbage composting - Carry out a feasibility study to develop recovery and sorting at source in order to reduce the amount of waste to be buried - Support for planning at the collection and transport sector level in order to reduce the number of trips to be made in landfill and optimize the collection circuits 5

6 MSW Sector Overview: Country Level General description and overview of common practice A study conducted by INSTAT in on the distribution of households by household waste disposal method by region (%) gives the following results: o More than 50% of households throw away their waste o About 20% burn their waste o About 10% bury them o About 10% put them in the public collection bins Waste Generation (per capita/year) - Waste Generation: 292kg/per Capita/year (source: World Bank 2012 UFC) - Waste Generation projection for 2025: 401.5Kg/per capita/year (source: World Bank 2012 UFC) This statistic data can be specified with the annual production of waste in each regional chief town 6

7 Estimated production of household waste by county seat (Kg / city / day) Antananarivo Renivohitra ANTSIRABE I TSIROANOMAN DIDY MIARINARIVO Fianarantsoa I AMBOSITRA TOAMASINA I FENOARIVO ATSINANANA AMBATONDRAZ AKA Mahajanga I Maevatanana Maintirano TOLIARY I MORONDAVA TAOLANARO ANTSIRANANA ANTALAHA ANTSIRANANA I TOTAL Source: INSTAT, RAJAOMANANA H - Management and treatment of household waste in developing countries. Thesis: Science and technology (pollution) - Treatment: ONE Collection Coverage 2014: 48% (source: COI Waste Management, December 2014) Number of Landfills/MSW Disposal rate (tons/year) There is no landfill inventory. An estimate was made by the Ministry of Environment team giving the following results: - In Urban Communities: 72 Landfill/ Dumpsites. Average surface: Ha - In Rural Communities: Landfill/Dumpsites. Average surface: 2-5 Ha Recycling Rate Identification of recyclable waste in Madagascar: - Paper and cardboard: 89,681 Tons / year - Metal: 13,797 tons/year - Plastics: 68,985 Tons/year - Tires: 666 Tons/year Source: Diagnostic Study for Optimized Waste Management in the Indian Ocean (IOC / AFD-December 2014) 7

8 Some industries and society well known are operating in recycling in Madagascar: Industries Waste Type Product SMTP Plastics: LDPE Pipes, tanks SACOPLAST Plastics: LDPE, HDPE, PP Bags, sachets VITAPLAST Plastics: LDPE, HDPE, PP Sachets, buckets MADACOMPOST Plastics: LDPE, HDPE, PP Self-locking pavers M IHARISOA Plastics: PET Self-locking pavers SPAH Paper paper cloth Madagascar also experiences recycling experiments under a traditional model: - Recycled aluminum in art object and kitchen utensils in the city of Ambatolampy - Recycled metal in art object in the city of Ambohimanambola Waste management of Organic fraction (composting, anaerobic digestion) Some large-scale composting sites (windrow composting) for waste management in the cities of Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga and Toliara could be cited and summarized: - Association TAFITA in the city of Ambohimanambola procuce 12 tons/per year of compost - FAKOFIA in the city of Fianarantsoa produce 1800 tons/per year of compost - MADACOMPOST Society in the cities of Mahajanga and Toliara produce more than tons/per year of compost Several smaller scale experiments exist but are not inventoried. Energy Recovery Rate The production of energy from waste is only at its stage of experimentation in Madagascar. As a result, the energy recovery rate is not yet available and is not determined 8

9 Plans, Strategies, Policies (incl. financial instruments) & National Objectives City Level Aimed at improving Waste Management in General A master plan for waste management is in progress. Several entities participate in the realization of this master plan (Artelia Group / World Bank / PIAA / Creation of a planning department for this purpose) Aimed at addressing Climate change and reducing SLCPs through waste related activities No information available Country Level Aimed at improving Waste Management in General National sanitation policy and strategy (NSPS): The National Sanitation Policy and Strategy mainly concerns the management of domestic solid waste, excreta (latrinisation and dumping), wastewater and rainwater. National Sanitation Policy and Strategy aims to organize and promote actions to improve sanitation and hygiene throughout the Malagasy territory General State Policy: Strategic Area 6: Water and Sanitation - Ensure sanitation at all levels - Sizing levels of collection services by planning the development of their urbanization - Rational and secure operation of current landfills, and new smaller sites for one or two municipalities Aimed at addressing Climate change and reducing SLCPs through waste related activities General State Policy: Strategic Area 16: preservation of the environment - Adapt and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on sustainable development policies and strategies 9

10 Legislation City Level Legislation governing MSW management Water code lays down responsibility and commitment of the municipality for the disposal of household waste Guidance for MSW management (after legislation, before inspection activities) Lays down by Municipal Code of Hygiene Inspection activities/supervision and enforcement of legislation The municipality monitors, inspects and issues sanctions through approved hygiene inspectors National Level Legislation governing MSW management - Law No of 19/08/1999 on the Management and Control of Industrial Pollution Policy - Law No of 20 January 1999 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal - Decree N of 07/08/12 prohibiting the import of waste under the Basel Convention until the installation of appropriate treatment centers. - Decree No of 07/08/12 laying down the management procedure for end-of-life products, sources of waste and hazardous waste harmful to the environment as part of the implementation of the Basel Convention. - Decree N of 23/01/13 prohibiting the importation, distribution, sale, use and reduction of some pesticide active ingredients in agriculture and chemicals in the industrial sector in the context of the application of the Rotterdam Convention and the Stockholm - Decree N of 12/09/2006 adopting the National Policy of Waste Management of Care and Safety of Injections Guidance for MSW management (after legislation, before inspection activities) No information available Inspection activities/supervision and enforcement of legislation No information available Current Projects or Activities Aimed at Reducing SLCP Emissions - Project for the establishment and authorizing the marketing on the national market of biofuel resulting from the treatment of waste according to the decree passes in council of governor of the 25/07/17 - Pilot project on the valorization and the improvement of the development of the site of Andralanitra (site of municipal discharge (city of Antananarivo) - Pilot project on collection and treatment of LBC lamps 10

11 Key Stakeholders - SAMVA - Ministstere of Energy and Hydrocarbon Water (MEEH) - WWF - Municipality of Antananarivo Additional Useful Information Contacts MSW Initiative City Lead CUA : Lalao RAVALOMANANA Ramanamidonabodo@yahoo.fr MSW Initiative City Representative: Fanja Rakotoaritera fanjarakotofr@gmail.com Chef Executive of SAMVA: RATOLOJANAHARY Damy Jean Baptiste damyjb@gmail.com MSW Initiative Country Contact 11