11/4/2009. Highlighting Environment in Sustainable Urban Transport. Introduction. Annual Ambient AQ Trends in Asia

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1 Highlighting Environment in Sustainable Urban Transport Introduction Current Status Sustainable Transport Framework Sudhir Gota & Bert Fabian Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center SUMA Summit Delhi, India 29 3 Oct ober 9 Solutions Building Knowledge and Capacity Policy Development Clean Air Scorecard Policy Development - Bringing governments together Implementation working with local policy makers and private sector 1 2 total number of vehicles (in millions) Motorization: explosive growth in vehicles in Asia ASEAN(Major Countries) Source: 9. ADB, CAI-Asia, Segment Y Ltd., and IEA CHINA INDIA OECD North America OECD Europe Total Vehicles (in millions) Motorization Index (V/ P) OECD Pacific motorization index Annual Ambient AQ Trends in Asia PM1 NOX SOX WHO Guidelines(1 year) EU Standard (1 year) USEPA Standard(1 year)

2 Implementing Tighter Euro Standards reduces Air Pollution But explosive growth in CO2 emissions. 9 Tons 5 Philippines Tons Growth of CO2-198 as for all regions/country United States Europe Japan Eurasia China India Other Asia Middle East Africa Latin America PM Emissions w/ Euro Standards PM Emissions w/out Euro Standards NOx Emissions w/ Euro Standards NOx Emissions w/out Euro Standards 5 Source: Modified from IEA, 8. World Energy Outlook Per Capita CO2 Emission (Kg) per day Important to concentrate on future metro cities Per Capita CO 2 and Per Capita PM Emissions small medium large Agra Bhubaneshwar Panji Hubli/Dharwad Shimla Pondicherry Nagpur Jaipur Nagpur Kochi Surat Kanpur Madurai Hyderabad Pune and Ahmedabad Chennai Delhi Bangalore Kolkata Mumbai Per Capita PM Emission (g) per day Indian cities show strong correlation between emissions of air pollutants and GHGs Some cities emissions as much as small countries As cities grow in size, transport emissions increase Importance of catching cities early before they start to grow Air Pollution and Climate Change GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Greenhouse gases covered by Kyoto Protocol CO2 CH4 SF6 PFC N2O Black Carbon HFC GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION Air Pollutants URBAN AIR POLLUTION 8 Source: 8. MOUD- Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban Area. Analysis By CAI-Asia 7 2

3 Environmental Impacts of Urban Transport not Highlighted Sustainable Transport Framework Government s Actions TOOLS PLANNING REGULATORY ECONOMIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL Urban/Transport Planning and Demand Management Public Transport & Non Motorized Transport Cleaner and Efficient Fuels and Vehicles EXTERNALITIES AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE ROAD SAFETY SOCIAL EQUITY CONGESTION NOISE POLLUTION Freight and Logistics Source: 9. CAI Asia 9 Citizens Actions 1 1. Building Knowledge and Capacity 2. Policy Development :- Clean Air Scorecard AP and Health Index Policies and + Capacity Index + Actions = Overall Clean Air Scorecard GHG and Criteria Air Pollutant Accounting for Industries Philippines Second National Communications National GHG Inventory for the Energy Sector Air Pollution and Health Index rating air pollution levels of cities against WHO guideline values and interim targets Capacity Index rating a city s capacity to determine sources, levels and impacts and capacity to address air pollution and GHG emissions Policies and Actions Index rating the presence and enforcement of policies and actions to address emissions from relevant sources (mobile, stationary, area and trans-boundary)

4 2. Policy Development :- bringing governments together Regional Level Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality and developing a Long Term Vision for Asia Review of Air Quality Standards in Asia with UNEP and WHO National Level Road Show for Clean Fuels and Vehicles in Asia in Philippines, Viet Nam and Pakistan (with UNEP PCFV) Local Level Annual City Workshops in China: Advancing Vehicle Emission Management (VEM): Emission Standards, Fuel Quality and Fuel Efficiency Implementation : 2-stroke Tricycle replacement in Metro Manila Av erage CO2 Emissions ( Tons)/Year Av erage Million Liters of Gasoline/Year BAU (with normal scrappage with no policy) Replacement within 5 years Project Duration of 2 Years Replacement in 1 Years 73, polluting 2-stroke tricycles in Manila Options include banning, replacement, retrofitting Delaying action is costly: 22% more emissions and fuel use if tricycles replaced in 1 years instead of 5 years Replacement costs are 11 million$, w ith 2 million$ average BAU ( no savings/year Replacement Replacement for 2 years replacement ) within 5 Years during 1 Year Barrier with project for ow ner: high replacement duration costs and of 1 long payback period years Solution: designing revolving fund w ith Project limited Duration investment of 1 Years can get the $$ back and allow for wider Philippines program Implementation : working with private sector Trainings with PCFV Toolkit Manila Water Company More than 3 fleet managers First Philippine Holdings Corporation 3 participants representing 9 companies Two companies have expressed their intent to implement the toolkit G-Liner has provided fleet information necessary for the calculations CitiesACT: Air quality, Climate & energy, Transport Countries & Cities Policies People Organizati ons Case studies Projects & Programs Training Courses News feed Technologies??? Specific topics 16 4

5 CAI-Asia Center Sophie Punte, Executive Director Bert Fabian, Transport Program Manager Sudhir Gota, Transport Specialist Unit 351, 35 th floor Robinsons-Equitable Tower ADB Avenue, Pasig City Metro Manila 165 Philippines 17 5