Energy in the World. What you need to know. CRICOS Provider No 00025B

Transcription

1 Energy in the World What you need to know

2 Energy by numbers Units of Energy How we use it Where it comes from today How it is changing Haves and have-nots 2

3 First a quiz 1. Who uses more energy? a) The combined 27 countries of the European Union; or b) China. 2. The average family home in Australia consumes how much energy in one week? a) 100 kwh; or b) 10 kwh; or c) 1,000 kwh. 3. What percentage of the world s electricity comes from solar energy; a) 1.5%; or b) 15%; or c) 30%. 4. True or False - With the advent of power generation technologies over a century ago more than 90% of the world can now enjoy reliable and affordable energy. 3

4 How we use Energy (= Power x Time) Watt (the basic unit of power) x seconds = Joule (the basic unit of energy) 1,000 W used over hour = 1000 Watt hours = 1000 Wh = 1 kwh = 3.6 million Joules Let s think about Energy carriers electricity and fuels 1 kwh in our daily lives The unit of your electricity bill 20 hours 2 hours 20 minutes 20 seconds 4

5 Energy is used to make everything in our lives Embodied energy ~ 300 kwh (1 candescent light bulb for a whole year) 1 smart phone Groceries for a small family Clothing for a football team 5

6 Energy use the big picture Globally, each year we consume over 500 trillion kilojoules or 1.8 trillion kw hours of energy in Heating, cooling and cooking Transport Manufacturing stuff Agriculture Source: International Energy Agency 6

7 Where our energy comes from Today Nuclear Hydro 85% from fossil fuels Last year, the world consumed 4.2 million tonnes of oil 8 billion tonnes of coal 3,400 billion cubic meters of natural gas Fossil Fuels Renewables Some of this fossil fuel production and all of the nuclear, hydro and renewables produce 24 trillion kwh of electricity Source: International Energy Agency 7

8 Climate Change Why our energy mix must change Kaya Identity Technology GGGGGG CCCC 22 = PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP EEEEEEEEEEEE GGGGGG EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE CO 2 and climate impacts caused by our fossil fuel use Affluence CO 2 Source: IPCC AR4 and AR5 8

9 Our energy sources are changing - Solar & wind growing rapidly A story of very big numbers IF we could harness all of it s energy; The Sun could supply hundreds of times our electricity needs for ever and ever Solar electricity has grown 50 times in the last 10 years! (more than any other source) But, also a story of very small numbers Last year just 1.5% of all of electricity came from solar Source: Perez & Perez

10 The numbers it s all about Energy Density What it takes to generate all of Australia s electricity for 1 year 244 billion kw hours Uranium Black Coal Brown Coal Natural Gas 50 tonnes 90 million tonnes 350 million tonnes 40 million tonnes Wind Solar PV Biomass 12,000 wind turbines 30,000 square km land 1,000 square km PV panels 2,000 square km land 300 million tonnes 60,000 square km land to grow 10

11 Energy in the World the haves and the have-nots 1.3 billion people in the world do not have access to electricity Another 2 billion have basic access enough for just two light bulbs and a fan Source: Fires, Fuel, and the Fate of 3 Billion: The State of the Energy Impoverished, Yadama, G

12 Around 3 Billion people in the world are Energy Impoverished No access to clean cooking Cook in household stoves burning sticks and cow dung Women travel many kilometres each day carrying kg of fuel 4 million people die from indoor air pollution Mostly women & children Source: Fires, Fuel, and the Fate of 3 Billion: The State of the Energy Impoverished, Yadama, G

13 Source: Pascale, A et al, 2017

14 3 Big Picture Messages Energy is vital to all humans aspiring to a higher standard of living Several billion people still lack access to modern energy services Energy is pervasive in every aspect of our life The world currently uses enormous quantities of energy Most of this energy currently comes from fossil fuels CO 2 and climate change are motivating a transition to renewable energy The scale, size of investment and technological challenges mean the transition is likely to be slower than we would like 14