General Fusion CNS
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- Lilian Blankenship
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1 General Fusion CNS
2 Fusion Technologies $ Cost of Confinement $ Cost of Driver Plasma Energy 1.00E+11 Driver Power 1.00E+15 GJ ITER $20B NIF $6B TW 1.00E E+12 MJ GF $150M GW 1.00E E+09 kj 1.00E E E E E E+25 MW 1.00E+06 Plasma Density (cm -3 ) CNS
3 Magnetized Target Fusion 1. Form a compact torus of plasma 2. Confine in conductive chamber 3. Compress and heat to fusion conditions 4. General Fusion will use a liquid metal vortex container CNS
4 LINUS Naval Research Laboratory, 1976 CNS
5 General Fusion s Acoustically Driven MTF CNS
6 Practical Compressed gas driver Uses power plant working fluid Low cost Thick Lead-Lithium blanket Extracts heat Shields structure Breeds tritium Plasma target Pulsed system with no consumables CNS
7 Practical Compressed gas driver Uses power plant working fluid Baseline steam, could be CO2 or Helium Low cost for high energy: <$0.2/J compared to >$2/J for pulsed power CNS
8 Practical Thick Lead-Lithium blanket 300 C inlet temperature 550 C outlet temperature 2 m 3 /s flow rate Neutron flux to structure at 2 MeV and up is 5 orders of magnitude lower than ITER 4π coverage, n,2n Pb reaction provides tritium breeding ratio of 1.5 CNS
9 Practical Plasma target Liquid wall cannot be destroyed Target is plasma only Provides a pulsed system with no consumables CNS
10 Development and Commercialization Technology Development Phases Phase 1 Phase 2 Progress to Date Phase 3 Commercial Operations Net Gain System Core Physics Validation Proof of Principle Research and Validation Subsystem Development Full Scale Prototype Alpha and Beta Plants Financing Phases < $1M Full Scale Plasma Injector Full Scale Pistons Pb Vortex and 14 Piston Sphere ~$50M Matching Simulations $150M ~ $2B Plasma Compression Tests CNS
11 Plasma Injector Simulation CNS
12 Plasma Injector Heritage Scale comparison of previously constructed CT accelerators With GF s plasma injector design CTX CNS
13 Plasma Injector Design Power Supply 2.4 MJ pulse power supply (22 kv formation, 44 kv acceleration) programmable pulse shaping control 1 MW DC stuffing flux power supply Diagnostics Thomson scattering X-ray photo diodes triple Langmuir probe 5 interferometer chords >12 Rogowski coils >50 B-dot probes with in-situ integration high resolution time resolved spectroscopy 1 million frame/second video camera CNS
14 Largest Plasma Injectors ever built Record spheromak plasma energy (~100 kj) Plasma temperatures over 200 ev (>2.3M C) Density of cm -3 CNS
15 Plasma Acceleration CNS
16 Plasma Cools Quickly Plasma rapidly cools when entering pot CNS
17 Plasma Injector: Confinement CNS
18 Plasma Formation Magnetic Field (T) Temperature (ev) 120 Thomson Scattering Temperature vs. Time after Formation Time (µs) CNS
19 Plasma Compression cm ev 0.2 T Formation 8x10 14 cm ev 0.8 T Adiabatic! 2X Radial Compression 6x10 15 cm T 200 ev Expect >600 ev, not adiabatic 4X Radial Compression CNS
20 Acoustic Driver CNS
21 Acoustic Driver Milestones Met Piston Impact Timing Control (5 sequential shots) Piston Impact Velocity Performance Requirement μs 30 m/s Performance Requirement 0 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 0 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 HP1 HP3 HP1 HP3 CNS
22 Mini-sphere 14 full scale pistons, liquid metal vortex CNS
23 Plasma Compression May 2012 CNS
24 PC Small Experiment Compression time: 65 µs CNS
25 Redesigned PC Compression Chamber CNS
26 PC Small Plasma Data May, 2013 >250 µs lifetime 120 ev from 50 µs to 150 µs September, 2012 < 75 µs lifetime CNS
27 PC Small Experiment #2 CNS
28 Objectives for Phase II Subsystem Development Full Scale Component Development Plasma Injector Temperature Density Lifetime 50 μs Target is 100 μs Acoustic Driver Impact Velocity Impact Timing Vortex Collapse Spallation issue Plasma Compression Tests Small Tests Large Tests Ongoing Starting end of 2013 Net Gain Possible Build Strategic Relationships Customer / Partner Cenovus Energy - Invested 2011 CNS
29 The Path Forward Plasma Injector Confinement improvement Power increase Increase in magnetic compression Geometry upgrade: efficiency improvement Demonstrate heating beyond 500 ev Plasma Compression Small Test Experimental campaign of 10 or more tests Power increase Target 10X radial compression, 10 kev Plasma Compression Large Test Experimental campaign of 10 or more tests Validate reactor-scale plasma behavior Reactor Development Vortex stability improvements Demonstrate smooth radial compression CNS
30 Triple Product: nτt (10 20 m -3 s kev) generalfusion Pursuing a Compressible Plasma, towards Net Gain GF PC Large NIF ITER DOE Compact Toroid Formation Experiments CNS
31 Clean energy. Everywhere. Forever. CNS
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