Bio-waste Management in Europe:

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1 Bio-waste Management in Europe: capturing of bio-waste in cities and municipalities Henrik Lystad, Chair European Compost Network ECN e.v.

2 European Compost Network Vision Living well within the limited resources of the planet respecting the organic cycle ECN: Leading European organization promoting sustainable composting, anaerobic digestion and other biological treatment of organic resources. 2

3 European Compost Network - who are we? 64 Members from 27 European Countries ECN represents >3.500 treatment plants with treatment capacities per year > 33 M tonnes Compost and digestate production of M tonnes per year, used as Organic Fertiliser Soil Improver Mixing component in Growing Media Source: ECN data. 3 *

4 Potential of municipal Biowaste % biowaste in MSW Potential of biowaste from MSW in Europe: 96 Mt pa Recycling of biowaste in Europe: 40 Mt pa 56 Mt pa of biowaste from MSW is wasted Source: EUROSTAT 2016

5 Biowaste in the Circular Economy * 5 * 5

6 Benefits of biowaste recycling Job creation Soil protection and improvement Greenhouse gas savings Renewable energy Resource management and sustainable food production Protection of natural habitats and biodiversity * 6

7 New waste legislation Four biowaste policy cornerstones Recycling targets of municipal waste 55% by 2025, 60% by 2030, 65% by 2035 Mandatory separate collection of bio-waste by 31/12/2023 FINAL AGREEMENT 22 May 2018 Maximum 10% landfill of municipal solid waste by 2035 MBT output will not longer count towards recycling targets from 01/

8 100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 0 % 27% 26% Municipal solid waste treatment in % 51% 44% 53% 47% 39% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% EU 28 + CH/N/ICE 4% 8% 6% 4% 6% 17% 18% 16% 12% 10% 19% 19% 20% 16% 17% 18% 16% 14% 16% 10% 5% 7% 5% 4% 2% 7% 8% 13% 16% 16% 6% 27% 31% 3% 25% 26% 26% 19% 21% 31% 16% 23% 11% 17% 28% 22% 30% 27% 26% 32% 3% 27% 46% 26% 28% 34% 25% 21% 18% 14% 12% 12% 48% 26% 18% 13% 35% 21% 59% 32% 48% 34% 18% 23% 24% 26% 30% 18% 9% 12% 42% 44% 49% 53% 54% 55% 55% 7% 93% 81% 81% 82% 82% 68% 73% 67% 9% 21% 17% 21% 26% 4% 32% 67% 53% 47% 3% Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling * : 2014 data (most recent data available) **: 2012 data (most recent data available) Composting Source: EUROSTAT 2017

9 Development of biowaste treated in selected MS Denmark, % Italy, % 70 % 91 % Green waste Kitchen waste

10 Status of separate collection in capitals and MS Capitals Countries 13 MS have implemented door-todoor for biowaste (including food waste) 2 MS have implemented door-todoor collection only for garden waste 1 MS has implemented a bring system for biowaste 12 MS do not collect biowaste separately Separate collection and composting of biowaste Separate collection of biowaste in preparation/implementation Only limited collection of biowaste Source (capitals): EU COM 2015: Assessment of separate collection schemes on the 28 capitals of the EU. Countries: ECN data. 8

11 Potential for Job creation in the EU Norway Oslo region (direct + indirect effects) Biogas from biowaste (per 1000t): 2,5 jobs / GDP EU: 35 billion p.a sustainable jobs in EU * 11

12 Potential for Job creation of wasted biowaste in the EU 12

13 Capturing of Biowaste in Cities and Municipalities Examples of Capitals/Cities in Europe Oslo Berlin Vienna Rome - Norway - Germany - Austria - Italy Separate collection and composting of biowaste Separate collection of biowaste in preparation/implementation Only limited collection of biowaste 8

14 Capturing of Biowaste in four European Countries Norway Germany Austria 3) Italy Population (persons) 1) MSW generated (kg per capita) 2) MSW treated biologically / separately collected 2) (t) Biowaste separate collection Since 1990s Obligation in preparation Since 1985, obligation since 2015 Ordinance since Landfill derogations / ban for untreated waste Since1992 Ban 2009 Ban 2005 Ban for untreated waste: Since 2004 Landfill Dir. Source separation and recycling level (%) Biowaste capture rate (kg per capita) >70% of popul. 38 % (household) 64 (household) 59 kg bio-waste with biobin 65 kg green waste - Rel to MSW: 42% (all org Waste) 26% (Biotonne only) All org waste: 205 kg Biotonne only: 116 kg ( kg ) Since % 66 kg food waste 34 kg green waste 1) Source Eurostat : 2) Source Eurostat:

15 Capturing of Biowaste in Cities and Municipalities Oslo 1) Berlin 2) Vienna 3) Rome4 ) Population (persons) 1) Inhabitants/km / ) Economic system PAYT PAYT PAYT PAYT? Biowaste in MSW door-to-door collection 45,5 % (household waste) 43,7 % (municipal waste) 36,9 % (municipal waste) 41,8 % (IT) (municipal waste) Potential biowaste (t) Separate collection rate of biowaste Separate collection system Biowaste separate collection (tonnes) Biowaste capture rate (kg per capita) Impurity content of biowaste (45,3%) Door-to-door Optical sorting system green waste green bag total 26,0 kg food waste 21,1 kg green waste 47,1 kg total (24 %) Door-to-door (2-weekly) Biobin green waste biobin total 18,5 kg food waste 45 kg green waste 63,5 kg total (37,4 %) Door-to-door (2-weekly in winter, weekly April- Oct) Biobin bring systems biobin total (32 %) Door-to-door (3/week) bring systems door-to-door total 62 kg total 92 kg food waste ca. 4 % < 1,5 % ca. 4 % 1) Information from City of Oslo; 2) Information from Berlin Abfallbilanz 2015;3)Sttus Report Waste Management Plan Austria; personal information City of Vienna - MA48&F.Amlinger 4) EC 2015: Assessment of separate collection schemes in 28 capitals of the EU; 5) calculated with/without preservation areas

16 Some barriers for separate collection in greater Cities Densily population, little space for bio-waste collection system, traffic restrictions in city centers etc. Living structure and collection systems with little traceability and high anonymity Multiethnical population challenges with culture and language Scarcity of treatment areas and NIMBY effect Distance to market for compost and digestate 1) Information from City of Oslo; 2) Information from Berlin Abfallbilanz 2015; 3) EC 2015: Assessment of separate collection schemes in 28 capitals of the EU

17 THANK YOU!

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