Low Carbon Energy Options for India

Transcription

1 Invited talk at AvG Kolleg Aurangabad, 2nd February 2018 Low Carbon Energy Options for India Rangan Banerjee Forbes Marshall Chair Professor Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

2 Kaya Identity Total CO 2 Emissions = (CO 2 /E)(E/GDP)(GDP/Pop)Pop CO 2 /E Carbon Intensity E/GDP- Energy Intensity of Economy

3 India and World Comparison Year CO 2 /E (kg/gj) E/GDP (MJ/$) GDP/Pop ($/capita) CO 2 /Pop (T/capita) Pop (Billion) CO 2 (GTonne) World India Data source: IEA Statistics

4 Options for Low Carbon Reduce Carbon Intensity Renewables Fuel Switching Nuclear Carbon Capture and Storage Reduce Energy Intensity Change Structure of GDP Energy Efficiency Behavioural Changes Increase Sinks- Afforestation

5 During the last 40 years the share of renewables in the primary energy mix in India? I) Has more than doubled from its earlier value II) Has remained almost constant III) Has decreased significantly IV) Has increased by 10% V) None of the above

6 Primary Energy Mix Coal Oil and Gas Renewables and Nuclear

7 Renewable Energy Options Renewable Energy Options Solar Wind Biomass Small Hydro Tidal Energy Solar Thermal Solar Photovoltaic Ocean Thermal Energy Geothermal* Wave Energy

8 Installed Capacity India (as on ) Diesel, 838 Renewables, Solar, Hydro (Res.), Waste to Power, 114 Wind, Natural Gas, Nuclear, 6780 Coal, Biomass / Cogen, 8414 Small Hydro, MW Total MW Renewables Source: CEA, GOI, Ministry of Power, India ( Source: MNRE, Govt. of India (

9 World s largest solar power plant 648 MW Million~ Rs 72 Million/ MW Area 10 km 2 Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu Robotics for automatic panel cleaning Plant built in 8 months

10 Tariff Bid Rs/kWh Variation in Solar Price Bids

11 Wind farms Wind farm in Satara, Maharashtra Suzlon Wind farm

12 Solar Thermal Power

13 Biomass Power 100 kwe Pfutseromi village, Nagaland Arashi HiTech, 1MW gasifier Biogas plant, Pura, Karnataka Kaganti Power Ltd. Raichur Distt. A.P. 7.5 MW

14 Biomass Cooking and Gasifier Stove Source:

15 Biomass Cooking and Gasifier Stove Source:

16 Husk Power Biomass gasification system Engine Gas Cleaning Gasifier Rice husk Monitoring Distribution network End load Remote data monitoring Billing & Payment collection Incense making from ash

17 MW Wind speed(m/s) Wind Seasonal and Daily Variation Wind Power Tamil Nadu Apr Jun Sep Dec Variation in Wind speed for a day HOUR Source: Powergrid 2012 Time(Minutes) Wind speed(m/s) measured at 10m at Chandrodi station, Kutch Gujarat

18 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 18:30 19: MW Solar Irradiance(W/m 2 ) Solar PV Variation Charanka (Gujarat) Solar Generation 11/4/ /4/ /4/ Variation in solar Irradiance for a day Time of the Day Time(Minutes) Source: Gujarat SLDC GHI(W/m 2 )measured at Chandrodi station,kutch Gujarat

19 GW Indian Duck Curve (with Niti Aayog Scenario) 700 Jan Projected Load Demand Ramp Rate 250GW/hour 200 Projected Solar PV generation 100 Projected Solar Generation with CSP Time of day (hours)

20 Standard Fan vs Efficient Fan Standard Fan Efficient Fan Power 70 W 35 W Price Rs Rs BLDC motor Life : 10years Sweep 1200 mm RPM Similar air delivery 230 m 3 /min

21 LED Price ( ) EESL LED Price reduction Nov-13 Aug-14 Dec

22 TEAM SHUNYA

23 Issues Equity impacts of alternative strategies Impact on GDP growth Competitive Indian Manufacturing Impact on Employment Innovation Centralised versus decentralized DISCOM deficits and affordable electricity Improved forecasting Demand Response and Storage

24 What remains unchanged? Income Inequality, Energy and Carbon Inequality Energy as a means to an end Demand for cost effective 24/7 Energy Self Interest, Local, National Multiplicity of Actors, Decision levels Inertia in Institutions

25 References 1. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), GOI, New Delhi, 2. Central Electricity Authority, GOI, Ministry of Power, India ( (last accessed on February 1, 2018) 4. (last accessed on February 1, 2018) 5. NITI Aayog, Draft Energy Policy, Government of India, ID_ pdf (last accessed on February 1, 2018) 6. Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), (A Joint Venture Company of PSUs of Ministry of Power, Govt. of India), (last accessed on February 2, (last accessed on February 1, 2018) Acknowledgement: Jani Das, Ajit Paul, Balkrishna Surve / Thank you