Effects of C/N Ratio on Nitrate Removal from PU Synthetic Leather Wastewater Treated by Anoxic Moving Bed Bio-film Reactors
|
|
- Kathleen Day
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Effects of C/N Ratio on Nitrate Removal from PU Synthetic Leather Wastewater Treated by Anoxic Moving Bed Bio-film Reactors YUANHONG DING 1, *, QING WANG 2, JUN ZHOU 1, HONGQIANG REN 2, *, YANG SONG 1 and YUNJUN YANG 2 1 School of Environment, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao China 2 State Key Lab. of pollution control and resources reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing ,China ABSTRACT: One sample of PU synthetic wastewater was analyzed, its Total Nitrogen (TN) was mainly composed of about 300 mg/l nitrate, and three pieces of anoxic Moving Bed Bio-film Reactors (MBBR) were applied to treat it, one MBBR was run with raw wastewater, the second and third were with synthetic wastewater, and the results were as followings: TN could be removed off completely under the condition of relative low C/N ratio; the C/N ratio of removed pollutants was liner correlation with C/N ratio of influent, but the C/N ratio of effluent was increase violently, the above results demonstrated that, the external carbon source, necessary to the heterotrophic bacteria, was consumed more rapidly than nitrate nitrogen in initial denitrifying stage, then the nitrogen was utilized much more rapidly at later stage, and the ratio of C/N denitrification behaved as a chamfer linear. INTRODUCTION There are more than 2,000 synthetic leather factories located in Southeast China, discharging off 10,000 thousands tons of wastewater per year, in which N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was usually found, it was used for surface modification of PU (poly urethane) synthetic leather as a kind of solvent, and toxic and inhibitive to bacteria s activities [1,2,3]. Many kinds of physic-chemical or biological processes, such as Extraction, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Integrated Anoxic-aerobic Biochemical Process and etc, are applied to treat synthetic leather wastewater [4,5], and these experimental results shows that, some main water quality index parameters, such as CODCr (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solid), Cr and sulfide in effluent, are usually measured with the National Wastewater Discharge Standard (NWDS), but the residual total nitrogen (TN) is hardly up to standard [6]. When Pollutants Disposal Standard of Synthetic Leather Industrial Wastewater (PDSSLIW) GB was carried out since 2008, the demand for residual total nitrogen in effluent is much more stricter than ever before. At present, many old wastewater *Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. (Ding) yhding@nju.edu.cn (Ren) hqren@nju.edu.cn, Tel: treatment process of municipal sewage plants and industrial factories were renovated or updated to satisfy the objective. In theory, the main components of total nitrogen in wastewater treated by anoxic-aerobic biological treatment process, is mainly nitrate nitrogen, then there is little utilizing organic compounds remained in it, therefore, many kinds of physical-chemical ways are carried out to treat it effectively, such as Fe-Mg reduction [7,8], Ion exchange, Reverse Osmosis and Electrolysis [9,10], but all these physical-chemical ways also have some disadvantages on engineering application, such as high cost, secondary pollution and complicated operation control. Then, some innovated biological ways, such as deep-bed filters and etc., are continuously investigated to be used for deep nitrogen removal that is much more preferred than physical-chemical ways for some advantages, such as low operating cost and no secondary pollution [11]. Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR), composed of moving carriers, is regarded as one kind of effective biological method to treat refractory organic industrial wastewater [12], in which the microorganism attached on carriers, does not fall off easily, contacts and degrades with pollutants completely [13,14], it seems also effective to applied anoxic MBBR reactor to treat the synthetic leather wastewater as a kind of refractory Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1 January /17/ DEStech Publications, Inc. doi: /issn /14/1/35 305
2 306 C. DING, Q. WANG, J. ZHOU, H. REN, Y. SONG and Y. YANG organic industrial wastewater, and achieve effective denitrification simultaneously [15]. In this experiments, three pieces of anoxic MBBR was applied to treat synthetic leather wastewater with added external carbon source, and this paper was to investigate the relationship between the C/N ratio of wastewater and the removal efficiencies of nitrate, total nitrogen and organics in detail. EXPERIMENTAL Three pieces of anoxic Moving Bed Bio-film Reactors (MBBR) was operated continually in long run, named RUN1, RUN2 and RUN3 respectively, RUN1 and RUN2, were added with external carbon source in influent continuously, RUN3, was run with circulating influent, added with external carbon source at beginning, the specific operational parameters were shown in Table 1. All three MBBR reactors all are made of organic glass, with length 220 mm, breadth 200 mm and height 500 mm. The carriers is made of polyethylene materials, seemed like hollow cylinder, with height 7 mm and diameter 10 mm, its specific surface area is about 500m2/m3, the rate of carrier s filling in MBBR is about 40 percentage, and its tumbling force is supplied by an electric blender. The PU synthetic leather wastewater, sampled from China Hangzhou XINGYE Synthetic Leather Co. Ltd., was formerly biological treated, Table 2 showed the raw water quality parameters from one representative sample, and indicated that, some regular items, such as COD and ammonia could reach to the standard (PDSSLIW GB ), while total nitrogen (TN) did not meet the standards, and nitrate was the main component of TN, as the ratio of COD to TN (named C/N ratio) wasn t appropriate for denitrification of nitrate, then sodium acetate or glucose was added into it as external carbon source for experiments. The measurements of COD, ammonia and nitrate, total nitrogen were conducted according to Standard Methods, one spectrophotometer UV2500 (Shimadzu) was applied. Table 2. One PU Synthetic Wastewater Sample. No Component COD cr TN NO 2 NO 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS NH 4 + TN Denitrification of Raw Wastewater Cl BOD 5 mg/l ND In RUN1 experiment, the raw wastewater was used as influent, and its total nitrogen was mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen, shown on Table 2. RUN1 was added with sodium acetate and glucose as external carbon source continuously. In initial stage, the concentration of total nitrogen was too high to obtain 50% removal efficiencies, then its concentration was diluted and maintained on 100~300 mg/l, as Figure 1 shows, the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen was increased gradually up to 93.7%, this result indicated that, all kinds of nitrogen, including with nitrate, could be degraded off the wastewater by denitrification in anoxic MBBR. The TN of raw wastewater was mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen, its diluted concentration was maintained from 100 to 300 mg/l, about 72.7% of TN was removed off, and its ratio of C/N was varied from 0.5 to 3.5, about 2.1 averagely, shown on Figure 2. It seemed that denitrification in anoxic MBBR was able to work at lower C/N ratio than generally demanded value of 4~6. The results indicated that, the denitrifying bacteria attached on the carriers in anoxic MBBR, had a potential capacity to degrade nitrate nitrogen at lower C/N ratio. Table 1. Operational Parameters of RUN1, RUN2 and RUN3. Reactor Nitrogen Type External Carbon Source RUN1 nitrate, acetate sodium, glucose RUN2 nitrate, ammonia acetate sodium RUN3 nitrate acetate sodium Figure 1. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen by anoxic MBBR (RUN1).
3 Effects of C/N Ratio on Nitrate Removal from PU Synthetic Leather Wastewater 307 Figure 2. The relationship between the TN removal efficiency and C/N ratio in anoxic MBBR (RUN1). Effects of C/N Ratio on Denitrification of Synthetic Wastewater RUN2 was run to investigate the effects of C/N ratio on the denitrification process, its influent was synthetic wastewater, prepared with sodium nitrate as nitrate nitrogen. When C/N ratio of influent was enhanced from 1.0 to 3.1 (2.2, in average), the removal efficiencies of TN and COD were increased either, in which TN removal efficiency was increased from 74.5% to 97.5% (90.9%, in average) and that of COD was increased from 44.4% to 87.2% (77.0%, in average), Figure 3 showed that, a good performance of denitrification could be obtained by increasing C/N ratio of influent. Figure 4 showed that the C/N ratio of removed pollutants was linear to that of influent, which line slope coefficient was , however the C/N ratio of effluent was increased rapidly, which was increased from 2.8 to 17.1, shown in Figure 5, and bigger than normal range of 4 to 6, it seemed that the nitrogen in influent Figure 4. Relationship between C/N ratio of influent and C/N ratio in removed pollutant (RUN2). was removed effectively, which resulted in an increasing of C/N ratio in effluent. Shown in Figure 5, although the C/N ratio of effluent fluctuated violently, there was a liner relationship between C/N ratio of influent and C/N ratio of removed pollutants, when external carbon was enhanced, the averaged TN removal efficiencies of about 90.9% and removed TN load of mg/l was achieved, Figure 6 showed that, when C/N ratio was increased up to 3.1, the TN concentration of effluent was lower than 8 mg/l, these results indicated that, a good performance of denitrification could be achieved in an anoxic MBBR reactor under condition of lower C/N ratio of influent, it seemed enough for complete denitrificaiton in MBBR. Distribution of Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia in Influent and Effluent of Synthetic Wastewater Figure 7 and Table 3 showed that, all the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia in effluent was de- Figure 3. Effects of C/N ratio on the removal efficiency of TN and COD (RUN2). Figure 5. C/N ratio of influent, effluent and removed pollutant (RUN2).
4 308 C. DING, Q. WANG, J. ZHOU, H. REN, Y. SONG and Y. YANG Table 3. Averaged Concentrations of Nitrate, Nitrite and Ammonia in Influent and Effluent. Percent of Concentration % Nitrate Nitrite Ammonia Influent Effluent Figure 6. Relationship between C/N ratio of influent and TN concentrations (RUN2). creased, nitrite was changed into gas completely, ammonia was degraded by assimilation in anoxic MBBR, however, nitrate was still the maximum residual component of TN in influent and effluent, for example, the maximum percentage of nitrate in influent and effluent was 78.9% and 64.3% respectively. When C/N ratio of influent was enhanced from 1.6 to 3.3, the removal efficiencies of TN and COD were increased either, Figure 8 showed that, the percentage of residual COD/ Total COD was decrease obviously from 55.6% to 12.7%, this results showed that, although an high C/N ratio demand much external carbon source to be added, the latter could be removed effectively off wastewater in the denitrification process. Variation of C/N and Nitrogen in One Circle Operation of Synthetic Wastewater Curve of C/N ratio of denitrification in one cycle operation was investigated by circularly operated RUN3, with sodium acetate added at beginning, in initial stage, the C/N ratio of mixed liquor was decreased slowly from 4.9 to a minimum ratio 1.9, then it was increased to large ratios 8.3 on tenth days, however the curve of nitrite nitrogen was opposite to that of C/N ratio, for example, on those corresponding point of C/N ratio, the concentration of nitrite was 95 mg/l and 0.9 mg/l respectively. as Figure 9 showed, on tenth days, the concentration of TN was maintained blow 8 mg/l with a maximum ratio of C/N 8.3, while the concentration of residual COD was decrease to a minimum ratio 73.6 mg/l, the results could be explained that, at beginning of denitrification, external carbon source was necessary to the heterotrophic bacteria, and was consumed more rapidly than nitrate nitrogen, so that ratio of C/N seemed high, however, at later stage, nitrogen was utilized much more rapidly than ever before, then the ratio of C/N seemed high either, or much more higher than that of beginning, so that the ratio of C/N denitrification was a chamfer line in this anoxic MBBR, and It take ten days to achieve a good performance of denitrification in one anoxic MBBR. CONCLUSIONS Nitrate was the main component of TN in PU synthetic wastewater, TN could be removed completely Figure 7. Concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia in influent and effluent (RUN2).
5 Effects of C/N Ratio on Nitrate Removal from PU Synthetic Leather Wastewater 309 Figure 8. Relationship between percentage of residudal COD/Total COD and ratio of C/N (RUN2). Figure 9. Curve of C/N of denitrification in a separate anoxic MBBR (RUN3). with a relatively lower C/N ratio in anoxic MBBR; the C/N ratio of removed pollutants was liner correlation with C/N ratio of influent, but the C/N ratio of effluent was increase violently, it indicated that, in initial stage of denitrification, external carbon source was necessary to the heterotrophic bacteria, and the carbon was consumed more rapidly than nitrate nitrogen, then at later stage, nitrogen was utilized much more rapidly, so that the denitrifying curve of C/N ratio behaved as chamfer linear. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors wish to thank the Foundation of Jiangsu Science and Technology Project (BE ) to support the research, focusing on deep nitrogen removal of synthetic leather wastewater. REFERENCE 1. G.H. Insel, E. Görgün, N. Artan, D. Orhon, Model based optimization of nitrogen removal in a full scale activated sludge plant, Environ. Eng. Sci., 26, 2009, A. Mannucci, G. Munz, G. Mori, C. Lubello, Anoxic treatment of vegetable tannery wastewaters: A review, Desalination, 264, 2010, A. Zhang, R. Xu, P.W. Xu, R.Y. Chen,Q. He, J. Zhong, X. H. Gu, Performance study of ZrO 2 ceramic micro-filtration membranes used in pretreatment of DMF wastewater, Desalination, 346, 2014, M. Kolomaznik, I. Adamek, M. Andel, Leather waste potential threat to human health and a new technology of its treatment, J. Hazard. Mater., 160, 2008, jhazmat M. Tamal, D. Dalia, M. Subhasis, D. Siddharth, Treatment of leather industry wastewater by aerobic biological and Fenton oxidation process, J. Hazard. Mater., 180, 2010, jhazmat L. Giusy, M. Sureyya, E.Z. Gülsüm, O. Derin, Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery.chemicals and wastewaters: A review, Sci. Total. Environ., 461, 2013, L.N. Shi, J.H. Du, Z.L. Chen, M. Mallavarapu, N. Ravendra, Functional kaolinite supported Fe/Ni nanoparticles for simultaneous catalytic remediation of mixed contaminants (lead and nitrate) from wastewater, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 428, 2014, jcis J.H. Luo, G.Y. Song, J.Y. Liu, J.R. Qian, Z.P. Xu, Mechanism of enhanced nitrate reduction via micro-electrolysis at the powdered zerovalent iron/activated carbon interface, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 435, 2014, M.L. Bosko, M.A. Rodrigues, Z.F. Jane, Nitrate reduction of brines from water desalination plants by membrane electrolysis, J. Membrane. Sci., 451, 2014, D.H. Xie, C.C. Li, R. Tang, Z.S. Lv, C.H. Wei, C.H. Feng, Ion-exchange membrane bioelectro-chemical reactor for removal of nitrate in the biological effluent from a coking wastewater treatment plant, Electrochem. Commun., 46, 2014, elecom J.M. Park, S.H. Kim, D. Ronald, J.S. Cho, J.S. Heo, Enhancement of nitrate removal in constructed wetlands utilizing acombined autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification technology for treating hydroponic wastewater containing high nitrate and low organic carbon concentrations, Agr. Water. Manage., 162, 2015, org/ /j.agwat H. Odegaard, Innovations in wastewater treatment: The moving bed bioreactor, Water. Sci. Technol., 53, 2006, org/ /wst T. Leiknes, H. Odegaard, The development of a biofilm membrane bioreactor, Desalination, 2007, 202: org/ /j.desal S. Yang, F. Yang, Z. Fu, R. Lei, Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on organic carbon and nitrogen removal, Bioresource. Technol., 100, 2009, J.C. Leyva, A. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez, M.M. Munio, J.M. Poyatos, Kinetic modeling and microbiological study of two-step nitrification in a membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, Chem. Eng. J., 259, 2015,
Total nitrogen removal of synthetic leather wastewater treated by MBBR Yuanhong Ding1,a, Yi Qian1, Lingling Li1,Hongqiang Ren2*, Qing Wang2 1
2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (MMECEB 2015) Total nitrogen removal of synthetic leather wastewater treated by MBBR Yuanhong Ding1,a,
More informationANALYSIS OF NITROGEN REMOVAL PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED RAPID INFILTRATION SYSTEM (CRIS)
- 199 - ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN REMOVAL PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED RAPID INFILTRATION SYSTEM (CRIS) XU, W. L. ZHANG, W. * JIAN, Y. WANG, J. TANG, M. PEI, X. J. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention
More informationInfluence of Temperature on MBBR Denitrification for Advanced Nitrogen Removal of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
Influence of Temperature on MBBR Denitrification for Advanced Nitrogen Removal of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Haiyan Wang K. Liu,Q.Y. Hang, Q. Yuan, M.J. Ma, and C. M. Li Research Center for Water
More informationUpgrade of an Oxidation Ditch Using Bio-Mass Carriers
Upgrade of an Oxidation Ditch Using Bio-Mass Carriers Nir Assulin and Yigal Master Aqwise - Wise Water Technologies Ltd. The Problem Oxidation ditches (OD) are very popular wastewater treatment processes
More informationStudy on nitrification and denitrification of high nitrogen and COD load wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactor
Study on nitrification and denitrification of high nitrogen and COD load wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactor S Jonoud, M Vosoughi and N Khalili Daylami Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department,
More informationStudy on Effect of Soy sauce wastewater by SBR process Jinlong Zuo1, Xiaoyue Wang1, Xinguo Yang1,Daxiang Chen1,Xuming Wang2*
6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer (MMEBC 2016) Study on Effect of Soy sauce wastewater by SBR process Jinlong Zuo1, Xiaoyue Wang1, Xinguo Yang1,Daxiang
More informationNEW BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL CONCEPT SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED IN A T-DITCH PROCESS WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NEW BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL CONCEPT SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED IN A T-DITCH PROCESS WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ABSTRACT C. Yang*, L. Zhou**, W. Luo***, and L. Johnson**** *Corstar International Corp. 111
More informationTREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTEWATER USING ACTIVATED SLUDGE COMBINED WITH BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR
TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTEWATER USING ACTIVATED SLUDGE COMBINED WITH BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR ABSTRACT In wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Dong Thap General Hospital, an aerotank was transformed to Activated
More informationPilot experimental study on secondary effluent of printing and dyeing wastewater by lignite-coke biological aerated filter
2nd Annual International Conference on Energy, Environmental & Sustainable Ecosystem Development (EESED 2016) Pilot experimental study on secondary effluent of printing and dyeing wastewater by lignite-coke
More informationRemoval of High C and N Contents in Synthetic Wastewater Using Internal Circulation of Anaerobic and Anoxic/Oxic Activated Sludge Processes
Removal of High C and N Contents in Synthetic Wastewater Using Internal Circulation of Anaerobic and Anoxic/Oxic Activated Sludge Processes Nittaya Boontian School of Environmental Engineering, Institute
More information[Type text] [Type text] [Type text]
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 19 BioTechnology 2014 An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 10(19), 2014 [11286-11290] Starch and starch sugar wastewater treatment technology
More informationSBR PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
SBR PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IMR E&T S.r.l. Maria Vittoria Marra maria.vittoria.marra@imr.it www.imr.it Purification of wastewater A process aimed at removing organic and inorganic contaminants
More informationWe Know Water. AnoxKaldnes. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification
We Know Water AnoxKaldnes Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification WATER TECHNOLOGIES AnoxKaldnes MBBR and Hybas Processes AnoxKaldnes
More informationCOKE OVEN WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY TWO ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS
Global NEST Journal, Vol 8, No 1, pp 16-22, 26 Copyright 26 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved COKE OVEN WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY TWO ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS C.A. PAPADIMITRIOU 1* 1 Chemical
More informationWastewater Treatment in a Hybrid Biological Reactor (HBR) : Nitrification Characteristics 1
BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 17, 373-379 (2004) Wastewater Treatment in a Hybrid Biological Reactor (HBR) : Nitrification Characteristics 1 JIAN-LONG WANG,2 AND LI-BO WU # Laboratory of Environmental
More informationWastewater Treatment Options For The Food Processing Industry. William F Ritter Professor Emeritus University of Delware July 27, 2018
Wastewater Treatment Options For The Food Processing Industry William F Ritter Professor Emeritus University of Delware July 27, 2018 Food Processing Categories ufruit and Vegetable Industry udairy Industry
More informationPreliminary study of Shortcut Nitrification and Denitrification Using Immobilized of Mixed Activated Sludge and Denitrifying Sludge
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Environmental Sciences 11 (2011) 1171 1176 Preliminary study of Shortcut Nitrification and Denitrification Using Immobilized of Mixed Activated Sludge
More informationWastewater Nitrogen Characteristics, Treatment and Removal Options. Bob Smith, Orenco Systems, Inc. GEC 2013
Wastewater Nitrogen Characteristics, Treatment and Removal Options Bob Smith, Orenco Systems, Inc. GEC 2013 ##/##/#### #1 Nitrogen Nitrogen (N 2 ) in the environment exists primarily in the earth s atmosphere
More informationModule 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content. Lecture 14 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content
1 P age Module 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content Lecture 14 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content 2 P age 11.3.2 BOD Model It is generally assumed that the rate at which
More informationWe Know Water. AnoxKaldnes. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification
We Know Water AnoxKaldnes Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification WATER TECHNOLOGIES AnoxKaldnes MBBR and Hybas Processes AnoxKaldnes
More informationAt the Mercy of the Process Impacts of Nitrogen Removal Performance on WWTP Disinfection
OBG PRESENTS: At the Mercy of the Process Impacts of Nitrogen Removal Performance on WWTP Disinfection Ned Talbot, PE Tri-Association Conference 2018 8/30/18 9:00-9:30AM AGENDA Overview of Plant Processes
More informationEFFECT OF FERROUS SULPHATE ON THE SIMULTANEOUS ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL PERFORMANCE OF SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR
EFFECT OF FERROUS SULPHATE ON THE SIMULTANEOUS ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL PERFORMANCE OF SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR Engin Gürtekin Department of Environmental Engineering, Firat University, Elazığ,
More informationTreating Heavy Oil Wastewater for Beneficial Use by Integrated Technology of Bio-Oxidation and RO
Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development Vol. 5, No. 1, 2013, pp. 112-116 DOI:10.3968/j.aped.1925543820130501.1156 ISSN 1925-542X [Print] ISSN 1925-5438 [Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org
More informationAnoxKaldnes. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS)
AnoxKaldnes Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) AnoxKaldnes MBBR and Hybas Processes AnoxKaldnes is the global leader in MBBR and IFAS technologies. Kruger,
More information2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2016)
2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 16) Comparative Trial on Biological Contact Oxidation and Bio-filter Process for Wastewater Treatment Shan-Quan JIANGa, Xiang-Wei
More informationUpflow Constructed Wetland for On-site Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Upflow Constructed Wetland for On-site Industrial Wastewater Treatment Kazuaki Yamagiwa, Soon-An Ong Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University 8050, Ikarashi 2, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181,
More informationTWO YEARS OF BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL WITH AN ADVANCED MSBR SYSTEM AT THE SHENZHEN YANTIAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
TWO YEARS OF BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL WITH AN ADVANCED MSBR SYSTEM AT THE SHENZHEN YANTIAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT Chester Yang, Ph.D., Gaowei Gu, Baowei Li, Hongyuan Li, Wanshen Lu, Lloyd Johnson,
More informationGlobal Leaders in Biological Wastewater Treatment
Global Leaders in Biological Wastewater Treatment OVERVIEW OF ANOXKALDNES AnoxKaldnes is a global provider of leading-edge biological processes for wastewater treatment. The head-office is in Sweden. There
More informationENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATION DITCHES. Larry W. Moore, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Professor of Environmental Engineering The University of Memphis
ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATION DITCHES Larry W. Moore, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Professor of Environmental Engineering The University of Memphis ABSTRACT Oxidation ditches are very popular wastewater treatment
More informationNew Developments in BioWin 5.3
New Developments in BioWin 5.3 December 6, 2017 BioWin 5.3 contains a new Granular Sludge Sequencing Tank element to model this process, which is gaining acceptance worldwide as an effective wastewater
More informationPresenters: Rodrigo Pena-Lang, PE (D&B Engineers), Magdalena Gasior, PE (D&B Engineers) and Paul D. Smith, PE (NYCDEP)
NYWEA-NEWEA Joint Conference June 7, 2016 Presenters: Rodrigo Pena-Lang, PE (D&B Engineers), Magdalena Gasior, PE (D&B Engineers) and Paul D. Smith, PE (NYCDEP) Overview Port Jervis WWTP History Division
More informationFenton Oxidation Process Control Using Oxidation-reduction Potential Measurement for Pigment Wastewater Treatment
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(4), 801-805 (2004) Fenton Oxidation Process Control Using Oxidation-reduction Potential Measurement for Pigment Wastewater Treatment Young-O Kim, Hai-Uk Nam, Yu-Ri Park*, Jong-Hyun
More informationMEMBRANE AERATED BIOFILM REACTOR
MEMBRANE AERATED BIOFILM REACTOR MAY 2018 WHITE PAPER UDI TIROSH Fluence Corporation, All Rights Reserved 2018 MEMBRANE AERATED BIOFILM REACTOR: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Introduction The Fluence Membrane Aerated
More informationWASTEWATER FROM CARBON CAPTURE SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER FROM CARBON CAPTURE SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT Coauthor Kevin C. Lauzze Senior Engineer Sargent & Lundy, L.L.C. Presenting Author Matthew K. Heermann Senior Water Treatment
More informationONSITE TREATMENT. Amphidrome
ONSITE TREATMENT Amphidrome Agenda System Description Installation Locations Performance Questions Definition in Oceanography Amphidrome The position in the ocean where the tide vanishes to zero Definition
More informationWastewater treatment objecives
Wastewater treatment objecives Removal of suspended and floatable materials Degradation of biodegradable organics Removal of nutrients Elimination of priority pollutants Elimination of pathogenic organisms
More informationWe Know Water. AnoxKaldnes. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification
APPENDIX C.2 IFAS We Know Water AnoxKaldnes Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and ANITA Mox Deammonification WATER TECHNOLOGIES AnoxKaldnes MBBR and Hybas
More informationNITROGEN REMOVAL GRANT WEAVER, PE & WWTP OPERATOR PRESIDENT THE WATER PLANET COMPANY. Create Optimal Habitats
NITROGEN REMOVAL Create Optimal Habitats Recognize the Importance of People Skills Full-scale Experimentation GRANT WEAVER, PE & WWTP OPERATOR Regulatory Support Utility Support PRESIDENT THE WATER PLANET
More informationSEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT TECHNOLOGY BY COMPLETE WATER SOLUTION BHALERAO HEIGHTS, AKURDI, PUNE
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT TECHNOLOGY BY COMPLETE WATER SOLUTION BHALERAO HEIGHTS, AKURDI, PUNE 411 033. INTRODUCTION SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES ARE LIMITED IN OUR COUNTRY AND MANY OF THE TREATMENT FACILITIES
More informationCOMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN INTEGRATED FIXED FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS), MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR) AND CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE (AS) PROCESSES
Sixteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 16 2012, Istanbul, Turkey 1 COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN INTEGRATED FIXED FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFAS), MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR) AND CONVENTIONAL
More informationCharacteristics of Nutrient Removal in Vertical Membrane Bioreactors
The 2 nd MBR workshop at Hokkaido University Characteristics of Nutrient Removal in Vertical Membrane Bioreactors Prof. Hang-Sik Shin Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute
More informationoperation of continuous and batch reactors. Contrary to what happens in the batch reactor, the substrate (BOD) of the wastewater in the continuous rea
The Effect of Ammonia Loading on the Nitrification Kinetic of Aerobic Baffled Continuous Biological Reactor S.R.M. Kutty, M.H. Isa and L.C. Leong Abstract - The purpose of this study is to determine the
More informationKirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent
Kirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent wastewater requirements. In Russia, there are strict
More informationShort-term and long-term studies of the co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater
This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 8 International Conference th on Waste Management and The Environment (WM 2016) www.witconferences.com Short-term and long-term studies of the co-treatment
More informationSludge recycling (optional) Figure Aerobic lagoon
19.4 Aerated Lagoon Aerated lagoons are one of the aerobic suspended growth processes. An aerated lagoon is a basin in which wastewater is treated either on a flow through basis or with solids recycle.
More informationCharacterisation and biological treatability of Izmit industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plant wastewaters
Characterisation and biological treatability of Izmit industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plant wastewaters Ayla Arslan*, Savas Ayberk University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering,
More informationA Study on Sludge Reduction in Sewage using Microbial Catalysts
Original Paper Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2018; 40(2): 91-96. Published online: February 28, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2018.40.2.91 미생물촉매제를이용한슬러지감량화에관한연구 신동철, 양은지,
More informationAugmentation of self-purification capacity of sewer pipe by immobilizing microbes on the pipe surface
Biochemical Engineering Journal 15 (2003) 69 75 Augmentation of self-purification capacity of sewer pipe by immobilizing microbes on the pipe surface Ignatius Wahyu Marjaka, Kazuhiko Miyanaga, Katsutoshi
More informationBio-Lair for Water Remediation
Bio-Lair for Water Remediation Bacteria are absolutely essential for natural recycling of nutrients throughout the environment and they biologically maintain healthy water by breaking down nitrogen, carbon,
More informationPilot Study on Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Produced by Pressurized Coarse Coal Gasification
International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environmental Science (ICAEES 2015) Pilot Study on Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Produced by Pressurized Coarse Coal Gasification Jingzhi Zhang1,2,a,
More informationAnoxKaldnes MBBR. Biological Treatment of Wastewater WATER TECHNOLOGIES
AnoxKaldnes MBBR Biological Treatment of Wastewater WATER TECHNOLOGIES AnoxKaldnes Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology is based on the biofilm principle, which uses microorganisms for biological
More informationCHAPTER 10. Denitrification
CHAPTER 10 Denitrification Introduction Denitrification NO dissimilatory reduction of 3 or NO to N gas ( NO 3 or NO is the electron acceptor used in energy generation ) Denitrification is widespread among
More informationWASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes. The liquid portion-wastewater-is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been fouled by a variety of uses.
More informationSIMPLE and FLEXIBLE ENERGY SAVINGS And PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT for OXIDATION DITCH UPGRADES
SIMPLE and FLEXIBLE ENERGY SAVINGS And PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT for OXIDATION DITCH UPGRADES Oxidation ditches are very popular wastewater treatment processes for small to medium sized municipalities that
More informationBest Practice in Sewage and Effluent Treatment Technologies
Best Practice in Sewage and Effluent Treatment Technologies Contents 1 Wastewater - Introduction 1 1.1 Earth s ecological system 1 1.1.1 Water effect on ecology 2 1.1.2 Wastewater generation 3 1.2 Wastewater
More informationTopic Object to the Agenda: Contemporary methods for sludge degradation increase.
IMPLEMENTATION OF BY THE USE OF SPECIALIZED MICROORGANISMS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TREATED WASTEWATER AND THE SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF SLUDGE PRODUCTION Topic Object
More informationSequence Batch Reactor A New Technology in Waste Water Treatment
Sequence Batch Reactor A New Technology in Waste Water Treatment Ashutosh Pipraiya 1, Diwan Singh 2, SK Patidar 3 1 M.Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
More informationBIOLOGICAL PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL AN OPERATOR S GUIDE
BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL AN OPERATOR S GUIDE ABSTRACT If you have ever faced a rising effluent phosphorous concentration and you are relying on biological phosphorous removal, the information offered
More informationPilot Study of Integrated MF-based MBR and UF for Drinking Water Production by Treating Micropolluted Source Water
2011 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering IPCBEE vol.14 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Pilot Study of Integrated MF-based MBR and UF for Drinking Water Production by
More informationAnalysis of Urban Sewage Treatment in Environment Engineering Lu Fu
6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 2016) Analysis of Urban Sewage Treatment in Environment Engineering Lu Fu School of Chemical and Material
More informationResearch Article. Competition of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification in anaerobic biofilm wastewater treatment process
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(12):30-35 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Competition of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF CARRIER SIZE AND SHAPE IN THE MOVING BED BIOFILM PROCESS
THE INFLUENCE OF CARRIER SIZE AND SHAPE IN THE MOVING BED BIOFILM PROCESS Hallvard Ødegaard *, Birgitte Gisvold ** and Jonathan Strickland*** * Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian
More informationAdvantages & Applications of MBBR Technologies
Advantages & Applications of MBBR Technologies Wastewater Technologies Attached Growth Suspended Growth Static Fixed film Trickling filters Rope media Web media Biological active filters (BAF) Dynamic
More informationOptimization of BNR from Wastewater Using SBR and A 2 O Processes. Guo, Lei (Eric)
Optimization of BNR from Wastewater Using SBR and A 2 O Processes by Guo, Lei (Eric) A thesis submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering
More informationAPPLICATION OF HUMATE SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER AND GROUNDWATER
APPLICATION OF HUMATE SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER AND GROUNDWATER Ewa Lipczynska-Kochany *) and Jan Kochany **) * ) Environmental Consultant, Mississauga, ON Canada **) Conestoga-Rovers
More informationorld water works Clean Water and Energy from Wastewater IDEAL MBBR IDEAL IFAS
orld water works Clean Water and Energy from Wastewater IDEAL MBBR IDEAL IFAS orld water works.com - Making a World of Difference Our Name reflects our Passion... WORLD = Our Living Planet WATER = Life
More informationEffect of the start-up length on the biological nutrient removal process
Water Pollution IX 521 Effect of the start-up length on the biological nutrient removal process F. J. Fernández 1, J. Villaseñor 1 & L. Rodríguez 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University
More informationCompact Waste Water Treatment MBR /MBBR Technology
Compact Waste Water Treatment MBR /MBBR Technology 1 Minimal Operation and Maintenance Costs and use of Chemicals 2 Recycle and Reuse water for Irrigation and Recreation 3 Save Water, Energy, Money and
More informationApplication Of Real-Time Control Strategy To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Wastewater Treatment
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works International Conference on Hydroinformatics 8-1-2014 Application Of Real-Time Control Strategy To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Wastewater Treatment
More informationPHENOLIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC10 2006, Alexandria, Egypt 1127 PHENOLIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT M. T. Sorour, F. Abdelrasoul and W. A. Ibrahim Sanitary Engineering Department, Alexandria
More informationChallenge. Solution. Benefits
Water recycling plant in China 01 As water shortage in urban areas in China is becoming a serious problem due to growing population in such areas, effective use of treated water is needed as a countermeasure
More informationNitrogen Treatment in onsite septic systems The Big Picture
Nitrogen Treatment in onsite septic systems The Big Picture George Heufelder, M.S.,R.S. Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment Massachusetts Alternative Septic System Test Center gheufelder@barnstablecounty.org
More informationIncreasing Denitrification in Sequencing Batch Reactors with Continuous Influent Feed
Increasing Denitrification in Sequencing Batch Reactors with Continuous Influent Feed ABSTRACT In this study, the denitrification capacity of a continuous influent feed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was
More informationPresentation Outline
Presentation Outline Nitrification/denitrification refresher Treatment technologies available for nitrification and BNR/ENR What is the problem? BNR/ENR VPDES permitting Causes of reduced BNR performance
More informationContents General Information Abbreviations and Acronyms Chapter 1 Wastewater Treatment and the Development of Activated Sludge
Contents Contents General Information Abbreviations and Acronyms... 6 Chapter 1 Wastewater Treatment and the Development of Activated Sludge... 8 The Importance of Wastewater Treatment... 8 The Scope of
More informationEnergy Efficient Wastewater Treatment. Emily Gonthier & Jennifer Lawrence April 30, 2018
Energy Efficient Wastewater Treatment Emily Gonthier & Jennifer Lawrence April 30, 2018 Outline ReNUWIt What is it? Our Partnership through ReNUWIt Research Municipal Wastewater Treatment 101 Anammox Broader
More informationThe High-Tech of a Creek. The Biofilm Technology for Large Wastewater Treatment Plants.
The High-Tech of a Creek The Biofilm Technology for Large Wastewater Treatment Plants. Photo: Holzberger Exceptional Treatment from 4 to 5000 Inhabitants. The researchers from the Bergmann Gruppe in co-operation
More informationHOW TO SELECT SRT. SRT is selected based on the following treatment requirements/objectives:
HOW TO SELECT SRT Selection of design SRT is important as it impacts: solids inventory in the bioreactor. oxygen requirements. sludge quantity and quality. The longer the SRT the larger the bioreactor
More informationADVANCING NOVEL PROCESSES FOR BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL
ADVANCING NOVEL PROCESSES FOR BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL PNCWA Boise, Idaho September 15, 29 Presented by: Alexander Mockos, EIT Co-Author: Dr. Erik Coats University of Idaho, Civil Engineering Department
More informationState of the Technology
State of the Technology On-site wastewater treatment (OWTS) Harold W. Walker, Ph.D., P.E. NYS Center for Clean Water Technology Josefin Hirst, P.E. and Stephen Cluff, P.E. Hazen and Sawyer 1 Objectives
More informationBiological Wastewater Treatment Processes II: MBBR Processes
Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes II: MBBR Processes Course No: C04-045 Credit: 4 PDH Harlan H. Bengtson, PhD, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point,
More informationL o g o. Chemical and biological treatment of produced water for sustainable operation of oil shales and similar operations
Chemical and biological treatment of produced water for sustainable operation of oil shales and similar operations Liang Li, and Ramesh Goel Department of Civil il & Environ. Eng. The University of Utah
More informationAvailable online at I-SEEC Proceeding - Science and Engineering (2013)
Available online at www.iseec2012.com I-SEEC 2012 Proceeding - Science and Engineering (2013) 591 598 Proceeding Science and Engineering www.iseec2012.com Science and Engineering Symposium 4 th International
More informationECO Smart Aerobic Waste Water Treatment System. Optimising the re-use and recycling of waste water
Optimising the re-use and recycling of waste water The ECO Smart aerobic wastewater treatment system is a selfcontained wastewater treatment system that utilizes a combination of anaerobic as well as aerobic
More informationWASTEWATER DEPARTMENT. Bentonville Wastewater Treatment Plant Facts:
Mission: The mission of the Bentonville Wastewater Treatment Utility and staff is to protect public health and the environment through the effective treatment of wastewater. Effective wastewater treatment
More informationThermophilic hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge with a low organic carbon content under different sludge concentrations
Thermophilic hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge with a low organic carbon content under different sludge concentrations Qidong Yin Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, China June,
More informationEnhancing activated sludge nitrification through seeding from a downstream nitrifying fixed-film reactor
Ŕ periodica polytechnica Chemical Engineering 1/1 (27) 33 37 doi: 1.3311/pp.ch.27-1.6 web: http:// www.pp.bme.hu/ ch c Periodica Polytechnica 27 Enhancing activated sludge nitrification through seeding
More informationTreatment of Contaminated Waters with Petroleum by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
2012 International Conference on Life Science and Engineering IPCBEE vol.45 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2012. V45. 3 Treatment of Contaminated Waters with Petroleum by Moving
More informationWastewater Pollutants & Treatment Processes. Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering
Wastewater Pollutants & Treatment Processes Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Wastewater combination of the liquid or water carried wastes removed from residences,
More informationMembrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR): A New Approach to Denitrification in Wastewater Setting
Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR): A New Approach to Denitrification in Wastewater Setting Ramesh Sharma, Ph.D. Shane Trussell, Ph.D., P.E. Trussell Technologies, Inc. Pasadena, CA April 2007 Outline Understanding
More informationNovel Pretreatment Enables Performance of MBR Installed to Treat Oily Wastewater
Novel Pretreatment Enables Performance of MBR Installed to Treat Oily Wastewater *Miroslav Colic 1, Zhang Yunhua 2 1 Clean Water Technology, Inc.; 2 WISCO, Changqian, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430083,
More informationWastewater Terms for Permit Applications
Wastewater Terms for Permit Applications Activated Sludge Alkalinity Anaerobic Anoxic Bacteria The term "activated sludge" refers to a brownish flocculent culture of organisms developed in aeration tanks
More informationWaste water treatment Biological treatment
Leonardo da Vinci Project Sustainability in commercial laundering processes Module 1 Usage of Water Chapter 5 Waste water treatment Biological treatment Module 1 Usage of water Chapter 5 Waste Water Treatment
More informationDEGRADATION OF AMMONIA IN AN INTEGRATED ANOXIC-AEROBIC CLARIFIER SYSTEM
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 9, September 2018, pp. 1060 1070, Article ID: IJCIET_09_09_102 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=9
More informationTreatment of Swine Wastewater using Sequencing Batch Reactor*
Research Paper EAEF 4(2) : 47-53, 2011 Treatment of Swine Wastewater using Sequencing Batch Reactor* Mohammad N. ISLAM *1 Keum J. PARK *2 Md. J. ALAM *3 Abstract The swine wastewater from Sunchon swine
More informationResearch Progress of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Municipal Sewage
4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering (ICSEEE 2015) Research Progress of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Municipal Sewage Liquan Lu1,a, Liping Qiu1,b*, Shoubin
More informationResearch Article Utilization of Waste Materials for Microbial Carrier in Wastewater Treatment
BioMed Volume 216, Article ID 6957358, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/216/6957358 Research Article Utilization of Waste Materials for Microbial Carrier in Wastewater Treatment H. T. Le, 1,2 N. Jantarat,
More informationTreatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system
Journal of Environmental Sciences 19(2007) 153 159 Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system QI Rong, YANG Kun, YU Zhao-xiang Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai
More informationWastewater Reuse Demonstration of the Sustainable Campus Program in Tongji University, China
Journal of Water Sustainability, Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2012, 141 148 University of Technology Z.Q. Sydney Zhang & Xi an et al. University / Journal of Architecture of Water and Sustainability Technology
More informationEnergy efficient process of nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge system with low organic load
Energy efficient process of nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge system with low organic load I.A.Gulshin 1,* and E.S Gogina 1 1 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,, 129337,
More information