Alternative Sources of Energy
|
|
- May Cox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Alternative Sources of Energy In this chapter you will find a brief introduction on various alternative sources of energy available in the world Passive solar Passive solar refers to using solar energy without involving mechanical and electrical devices. In building designs, all the structure is designed to collect, store and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject this heat in the summer. It can be used also as a collection of light to reduce electrical light during the day. In Malta we don t have harsh cold winters, but the insulation of the envelope is essential to reduce using heaters or fire places to heat the surrounding air. In summer temperature above 25 o is normal. During this period, air-conditioners and fans are widely used to try to maintain an adequate temperature. So, according to the Maltese climate it is better to try to build in a way to let heat outside the building frame. This can be done in various ways. First one has to consider what type of building material is best to be used. The obvious choice would go to material which offers the most resistance to the passage of heat. In fact, in Malta we build the exterior wall with a double wall of globigerina limestone with an air cavity inside it. According to A.Abela 1, a Maltese university lecturer, a double limestone wall with an air cavity inside doesn t offer sufficient thermal insulation, but filling the air cavity with some for of insulation such as glass wool is sufficient to lower the thermal transmittance to acceptable values. The same result is shown with brickwork. Another important thing to consider is to use at least double glazing windows, with thermal breaks and shades in summer periods. Other aspects to consider while building regard where to place the rooms according to room type and to consider a substantial amount of 1 (Abela, 2006) Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 1
2 ventilation in rooms such as bedrooms. Orienting the building to face the equator to capture the morning sun and extending the building along the east/west axis if possible. Windows should be sized to face the midday sun in winter times and be shaded or protected with a shade in summer periods. Protecting the roof in summer periods with shades or overhanging plants that absorb the energy of the sun. In this way the energy received on the roof will be minimized and during the night the radiant energy will be less. To note that although it is relatively easy to build up a house according to these standards, it is also possible to make arrangements in already build houses to try to reduce heat flow through the fabric. Some other forms of passive systems use a small amount of conventional energy to control dampers, shutters, night insulation, shades, lighting systems, and other devices that enhance solar energy collection, storage, use, and reduce undesirable heat transfer. Water heating is considered one of the best applications for passive solar energy. There exits two types of solar heating systems. Liquid based systems that heat water or liquid antifreeze in a hydronic collector such as flat plate collector and evacuated tube collector. Both systems collect and absorb solar radiation, which is transferred to the interior or to a storage system such as a water tank. If the circulation of water is left to circulate on natural convection, then this system is considered to be passive solar heating. Benefits regarding passive solar are due to the performance of the building fabric. If a building is properly insulated, it is possible to reduce the amount of electrical consumption since heaters won t be needed during winter times and the operating time of air-conditioner can be decreased in summer times. Moreover, due to the collection of solar energy in water containers, water will be heated with this energy instead of using electrical water heaters. If the amount of solar energy is not sufficient, then a back-up system can be used. But this also means that the amount of electricity consumed can be reduced by such system. Limitations of such system, is that solar energy is only used during the daylight. To heat the water from solar energy, one has to wait for a certain amount of time before using it. Orientation of the building is also considered as a limitation. It is not always Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 2
3 possible to build along the east/west axis especially in Malta where the areas are overpopulated with houses. Not all houses have the potential of installing solar heaters. For example, apartments have to rely entirely on the building fabric to reduce electricity consumption especially those living at ground floor level. Such persons don t have enough space to install solar water heaters. On the other hand, those living in the top floor have all the space to install solar heaters, but they have to protect the building fabric more than the others during summer periods, since the heat absorbed by the fabric during the day is released during the night. The following table shows how much passive solar is reliable according to the type of fabric and production. ommercial Status T E H N O L O G Y S U P P L I E R S O S T Implementation Issues F I N A N I N G A E P T A N E R E G U L A T O R Y Operable Windows Thermal Mass Passive Solar Design Wing Walls Thermal himney Satisfactory Satisfactory in most conditions Satisfactory in Limited onditions 2 Unsatisfactory or Difficult 2 Table taken from (Sustainable Sources. 17 years of online Green Building information) Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 3
4 11.2 Active solar Active solar technologies usually consist of a solar collecting device that is designed to capture the sun s energy to store it or transfer it as heat energy in water or air. Unlike passive solar technologies, active solar technologies involve mechanical and electrical devices. This in general is achieved by using pumps. For example, using a pump to circulate the water will increase the system s efficiency but with additional capital cost requirements for the pump and associated controls. Active solar technologies work by heating the cold mains water to the required temperature by using solar collectors such as flat-plate collectors or evacuated tube collectors. These collectors are securely installed on the roofs, facing south, towards the sun with an inclination between 10 o to 60 o. This inclination will depend according to the latitude of the country. In Malta, solar collectors are installed at an angle of 45 o, but studies conducted by local distributers are concluding that an angle between 55 o and 60 o gives better performance during winter times. A flat plate collector is an insulated water proofed box that contains a dark absorber plate under a glass cover. The absorber plate collects sun energy and transfers the heat into the pipes which run through the absorber plate. The water runs through pipes under the absorber plate and the heat from the sunlight is transferred via the absorber to the water as it flows through the pipes. Figure 1: Flat Plate collector 3 3 (Active Solar Technology) Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 4
5 Evacuated tube collectors consist of a number of transparent glass tubes. Each tube consists of two glass tubes made from very strong glass. The outer tube is transparent allowing light rays to pass through with minimal reflection. The inner tube is coated with a special coating which has excellent solar radiation absorption and minimal reflection properties. The tops of the two tubes are fused together and the air contained in the space between the two layers of glass is pumped out while exposing the tube to high temperatures. This "evacuation" of the gasses forms a vacuum, which is an important factor in the performance of the evacuated tubes. Figure 2: Evacuated tube collector 4 Benefits of such installations are due to carbon savings. Such technology generates more heat energy than passive solar. All the stored energy can be used at a later time during the day. Such technology can save electricity consumption up to 90% on the Maltese islands. Payback will be subject to local electrical costs, but these in general are within the first 5 years. In order to attract more buyers, the Malta Resources Authority has issued a number of support schemes, the latest one being a grant of 40% up to 400 on the equipment purchased. Advantages of such technology include silent operation. Since there are no machines involved, this technology operates silently. 4 (Active Solar Technology) Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 5
6 Limitations to such technologies include operation time restrict during the day. Shades and clouds limit the performance of such devices and visual impact. Their size is relatively big. They take a substantial amount of roof space, and their view from the sky is not so much attractive. Application of such technologies is restricted to the amount of light falling on the building. To note that such systems can be used in combination with other forms of energy such as biomass or ground source heat pumps Wind Wind energy has been used for hundreds of years. During those times, windmills were used to pump water or grind the grain or other types of fruit. Today wind energy is being utilised to generate electricity. This electricity can be generated in two ways. Either by constructing wind farms, like the proposed project at Sikka l-bajda that forms a grid capable of generating 100MW, or by stand-alone applications with battery back-up for home use like the one found on the roof of Tip-Top shop at Fgura. Figure 3: A 4kW turbine installed in Xewkija, Malta 5 In order to generate worthwhile quantities of electricity, average wind speeds of more than 5-6 m/s are typically required. There are two basic kinds of wind turbines: horizontal axis and vertical axis. Horizontal axis turbines are generally more efficient. These comprise a central hub 5 (Wind Farm Wars, 2011) Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 6
7 supported on a tower with evenly spaced blades, and rotate at an almost fixed rate, regardless of wind speed. Vertical axis systems can be installed without the need for a tower, and may be easier to integrate with a building s structure. The power output of a wind turbine depends on two key factors: the swept area of the rotor and the wind speed. So this alternative source of power does not rely on sunlight like passive and active solar power does. The best locations for wind turbines are away from obstructions which affect air flow. Wins speeds increase with heights, thus ideal sites for wind turbine installations would be near hill tops and the coast. The design of the wind turbine will depend on the type of wind speed. So before installing a wind turbine, one must assess what are the normal wind speeds of the region. Since the energy generated from wind turbines does not involve any type of fossil burns, this energy is considered to be a carbon saving technology. According to the records, the installation of a grid of turbines at Sikka l-bajda will cater for 10% of the total energy needed on the Maltese islands. This means that carbon emission form the power plants will be reduced by 10%, if such installation would occur. Wind turbines are widely considered to be one of the most financially viable of the renewable energy technologies. For small scale, building applications, payback period will be within 20 years time without grant. Limitations of such technology are space and noise. Installation of such turbines occupies space, and not every householder in Malta can apply to erect a wind turbine on his roof. Local regulations of height above the ground of common dwellings don t leave enough space to mount a wind turbine. Noise levels are generally low and can be masked by the sound of the wind but turbines tend to generate vibrations. onsiderations should be taken during the design stage to mount dampers to reduce vibrations. Safety is another issue to take into consideration. Enough space must be ensured to leave the blades rotate without hitting other objects. Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 7
8 Figure 4: Horizontal Wind turbine for home use Figure 5: Vertical wind turbine for home use 11.4 Bio-Fuels Biofuel is a product from biomass. Energy from biomass is produced by burning organic matter such as trees, crops or animal dunk. This heat energy can drive engines to generate electricity. Biofuel is considered carbon neutral, as the biomass absorbs roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide during growth, as when burnt. For this reason, this fuel is considered much cleaner than petrol or diesel alternatives. But in order to create biofuel, large areas of forests are sacrificed to make space for the plantation of biofuel suitable crops. The main types of biomass can be divided into three categories; Woody biomass: this includes all types of trees that grows fast such as willow, hazel and poplar, miscanthus (elephant glass) and wood waste used in the industry or in construction. Biofuel: this is created from cellulose and vegetable oil crops such as palm oil. This type of fuel is also used to move cars. Animal residue: cattle, chicken and pig waste can be converted to gas or other fuel types. Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 8
9 Some biofuels currently in use are: Biobutanol Biodiesel Bioethanol Biogas Vegetable Oil It could be argued that biofuel is a product of solar energy, since plants needs substantial amount of solar energy to grow. arbon savings attributed to this form of energy are very significant. Power plants using this type of energy reduce carbon emissions substantially since this type of fuel produce a net zero carbon. All other types of fuel although, generated from plants and animal remains long time ago, their energy is being used almost immediately compared with the amount of time it took to change to fuel form. This type of energy is not cost effective since the machines needed to transform this fuel to electricity cost more than conventional machines used to burn diesel, petrol or gas. Emissions, noise, vibration and visual are similar to conventional plant using petrol, diesel or gas engines. Such emissions can be controlled by appropriate filters. Limitations of such fuel are that, crops needs time to grow and to be changed to fuel. Moreover, one needs to consider the space where to store such fuel and cost of transport if such fuel is not in the vicinity of the plant. For example, in Malta it is not possible to create biofuel, since space to harvest such crops is very limited and such space is more conveniently used to harvest food. So, in our case, this fuel needs to be transported from other countries. Moreover, it is not possible to rely only to this type of energy since to provide biofuel only for any type of transport across the globe would require a colossal amount of space to be used for plantation of crops which is practically impossible. Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 9
10 11.5 ombined Heat and Power ombined heat and power, also known as cogeneration refers to the use of heat engine or power plant that simultaneously generates electricity and useful heat in the form of hot water or steam. All power plants emit a certain amount of heat during electricity generation. For example, in Malta, the power plants work by heating the water to create steam which is then channelled in tubes that pass directly into turbines which rotates due to the pressure exerted by the steam. In general all this heat is released into the natural environment through cooling towers and flue gas. Such energy is lost. If on the other hand this heat energy is used to heat nearby places during winter times, then the efficiency of the plant rises since now more energy is being produced from the same amount of fuel burnt. The overall efficiency of a combined heat and power (HP) plant can be more than 80% if correctly used. This amount is at least twice the amount that the power plants in Malta are capable to generate. HP is most appropriate to buildings which require all year round demands for heat such as hospitals, hotels and leisure centres with heated swimming pools. HP can significantly reduce primary energy consumption and carbon emissions with respect to conventional power plants. This does not mean that using such technology will eliminate all the problems present such as cost of fuel and cleaner air. To commission such power plant will require more money than any conventional power plant, but payback of such plant which operates for more than 4500 hours each year will be within 5 to 10 years. Emissions, noise, vibration and visual are similar to conventional plant using petrol, diesel or gas engines. Such emissions are lower than those produced from conventional power plants which can also be controlled by appropriate filters. Noise can be solved by proper installation of noise acoustic enclosures and vibration can be reduced with anti-vibration mountings. Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 10
11 11.6 omparison between various types of alternative energy sources The following table shows a comparison between various types of alternative energy sources described in the previous sections. omparison includes efficacy, carbon dioxide savings, and costs of installations, payback period, and limitations. Such comparison will be directed to what is being installed or already exists on the Maltese islands and what effects will it have on the energy produced by the power plants present. The efficiency will represent the amount of energy generated by such installation which is needed on the Maltese Islands. Technology Passive solar Active solar Wind Bio-fuels O 2 reductions Efficiency osts of installation Payback period Limitations Noise Vibration Low Low High Undefined Depends upon the orientation of the house ompletely silent NA Low in general. Medium if considered as a household installation. Low in general High 5-10 years Depends on availability of grants Operate only during the day ompletely silent Pump vibrations only Visual Impact Attractive Unattractive Medium 10% One of the most financially viable of the renewable energy technologies 20 years Requires space Low, often masked by wind-generated noise Low but can be controlled Highly visible and unattractive High, carbon released during combustion is equivalent to the amount absorbed by the crop Same as conventional plants but can increase is HP is considered. Higher than conventional systems Depends upon where the fuel is generated, transport and storage costs Requires time to be produced, storage and drying facilities Associated with production and transport Associated with production and transport Similar to conventional plants ombined Heat and Power Reduction of 0.6 tonnes for every 1kW of electrical capacity provided Twice as much as conventional power plants Higher than normal plants 5-10 years Depends on fossil fuels or biofuels which still produce O 2 emissions Medium-high Medium-high Unattractive and takes an amount of space Lecturer: Mr J.Agius Page 11
Digging Deeper SOLAR ENERGY. Forms of Solar Energy
a) Is the wind speed the same in the morning; the afternoon; the evening? b) Move your anemometer to another location. Is it windier in other places? c) Do trees or buildings block the wind? 7. Back in
More informationSOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION: SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy is energy that comes from the sun. Every day the sun radiates an enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more energy in one second than people have used since
More informationCREATIVE SPACES INFORMATION PACK THREE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The information contained in this presentation is for general information purposes only and it is intended that there will be strictly no commercial gain from its production. The content
More informationCREATIVE SPACES 2013 INFORMATION PACK THREE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The information contained in this presentation is for general information purposes only and it is intended that there will be strictly no commercial gain from its production. The content
More informationROOF-MOUNTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND GREEN ROOFS - DISCRETIONARY HEIGHT INCREASES
City of Vancouver Planning - By-law Administration Bulletins Community Services, 453 W. 12th Ave Vancouver, BC V5Y 1V4 F 604.873.7344 fax 604.873.7060 planning@vancouver.ca ROOF-MOUNTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
More informationRenewable & Low Carbon Technologies
Services and Utilities Renewable & Low Carbon Technologies An overview Recommended Reading BSRIA Illustrated Guide to Renewable Technologies. What do we mean by renewable technologies? Generating electricity
More informationGreen Building Handbook for South Africa Chapter: Energy Generation Luke Osburn CSIR Built Environment
Green Building Handbook for South Africa Chapter: Energy Generation Luke Osburn CSIR Built Environment Current perceptions conjure images of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines when green building or
More informationRenewable Energy Alternatives
Renewable Energy Alternatives Reasons for Alternative Energy Fossil fuels won t last forever Renewable unlikely to run out Decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Less dependent on other nations
More informationActivity 18 Solutions: Uses of Solar Energy
Activity 18 Solutions: Uses of Solar Energy 18.1 Alternative Energy Sources 1) Comparison of energy sources List the advantages and disadvantages of the various energy sources discussed (fossil fuels,
More informationSection 2: Sources of Energy
Section 2: Sources of Energy Types of Energy¹ All the things we use every day to meet our needs and wants are provided through the use of natural resources.natural resources are either renewable or nonrenewable.
More informationSection 5. Renewable Energy Sources Solar and Wind. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 7 Earth s Natural Resources Section 5 Renewable Energy Sources Solar and Wind What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Construct a solar water heater and determine its maximum
More informationOverview of renewable energy
Overview of renewable energy Outline What is renewable energy? Renewable energy sources Renewable energy technologies: - Characteristics - Uses What is renewable energy? Energy that doesn t run out! Energy
More informationBUILDING INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS TOWARDS ZERO OR NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
BUILDING INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS TOWARDS ZERO OR NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS S. A. Kalogirou Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University
More informationRenewable Energy Options for householders. Andrew Cooper
Renewable Energy Options for householders Andrew Cooper Overview Why Microgeneration? Overview of Microgeneration Technologies with case studies Funding Why Microgeneration? National strategic context
More informationINCREASE THE VALUE AND COMFORT OF YOUR HOME. Saving Energy, Saves Money. and lower monthly costs with energy efficiency features.
The 'Energy II Demand-side management - Public awareness campaign project is funded by the European Union INCREASE THE VALUE AND COMFORT OF YOUR HOME and lower monthly costs with energy efficiency features.
More informationSolar Heating in Commercial Buildings
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Independent Study Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science 12-19-2017 Solar Heating
More informationUNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS
ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS Concentrating Collectors Concentrating Collectors 2 For many applications it is desirable to deliver energy at temperatures higher than those possible with
More informationSolar Power. Technical Aspects and Environmental Impacts. 6 th March 2011 Sustainable Energy Options (UAU212F) - University of Iceland
Solar Power Technical Aspects and Environmental Impacts 1 Solar Power 1. Introduction 2. Passive Solar Energy utilization 3. Solar Thermal Heat Utilization 4. Solar thermal power plants 5. Photovoltaic
More informationSolar Energy Technologies
1 Solar Energy Technologies ME 430 Queen s University The Solar Energy Resource Varies over day and year, (i.e., intermittent) Generally non-dispatchable Ottawa average for year ~4 kwh/m 2 per day e.g.,
More informationTop Energy Savers: game
Top Energy Savers: game Playing with the cards The idea of the Top Energy Savers game is to show how the various Green Deal energy saving and generating measures perform in different types of households.
More informationCITY OF ORONO HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA
CITY OF ORONO HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA AN ORDINANCE NO. 119, THIRD SERIES AMENDING ORONO MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 78, THE ORONO ZONING CODE, BY ADDING SECTION 78-1379 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS THE CITY
More informationCamel Solar brings you some of the most advanced solar thermal systems available on the market today through innovation, research and development.
Camel Solar Our philosophy is very simple at Camel Solar. The target of our solar thermal collectors is to have the highest coefficient of efficiency, maximize the energy produced by solar collectors,
More informationOSU Cascades Net Zero Campus. Recommendations
OSU Cascades Net Zero Campus Recommendations February 20, 2017 Viable Net Zero Options Building Energy Efficiency Better 30% better than code Best 50% better than code Electrical energy Photovoltaic energy
More information25,000. Energy use in Uralla Town and Shire. The energy context. MEGAwatt hours. Firewood in Uralla 45% Uralla's Electricty GRID
The energy context Energy use in Uralla Town and Shire What energy is used? Uralla's primary energy needs (excluding transport) are meet by electricity and firewood with a modest use of LPG gas. Electricity
More informationSustainable Building Façade and Advanced Fenestration Systems
Workshop on Potential Technological Developments for Zero Carbon Buildings 16-17 Oct 2013 Sustainable Building Façade and Advanced Fenestration Systems Tin-Tai Chow Building Energy & Environmental Technology
More informationDomestic Green Deal Advice Training
Domestic Green Deal Advice Training Renewables and Microgeneration The Measures 2 Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources, naturally replenished. In its various forms,
More informationRenewable Energy Sources Applications in the residential sector and Investments in large commercial systems
Cyprus Energy Agency Renewable Energy Sources Applications in the residential sector and Investments in large commercial systems Supported by the European Commission through the Intelligent Energy- Program
More informationGraspIT AQA Energy Questions
A. Energy changes and energy stores part 1 Energy systems and energy changes 1. Describe the energy store changes when a rocket firework is lit, goes up in the air and then falls back to the ground. (4)
More informationChapter 7. Passive Solar Contents
Chapter 7. Passive Solar Contents 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types of Passive Solar Systems 7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 7.4 General Design Principles 7.5 Design Information for Direct System 7.6 Design
More informationSOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY THE PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY PRODUCES CLEAN ELECTRICITY FROM SOLAR ENERGY 126 m 2 of photovoltaic modules are installed that generate about 12,000 kwh electricity per year, equivalent
More information6.3 Appraisal of Biomass CHP Technology
6.3 Appraisal of Biomass CHP Technology Key Themes Comments ENVIRONMENT Carbon reduction and Energy Generation potential Biomass CHP utilises renewable wood chips/pellets as a fuel source (or potentially
More informationWhich power station is the most efficient overall, the normal power station or the combined heat and power station? Give reasons for your answer. ...
Q1. Power stations are usually not very efficient. A lot of energy is wasted as thermal energy. The diagrams show the percentage of energy transferred by two coal-burning power stations. (a) (b) Write
More informationGraspIT AQA Energy Questions
A. Energy changes and energy stores part 1 Energy systems and energy changes 1. Describe the energy store changes when a rocket firework is lit, goes up in the air and then falls back to the ground. (4)
More informationChapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability. Monday, February 26, 18
Chapter 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 37 Conservation, Efficiency, and Renewable Energy After reading this module you should be able to describe strategies to conserve energy and increase energy
More informationZero Energy Part 3 Systems: Renewables + HVAC + DHW
Zero Energy Part 3 Systems: Renewables + HVAC + DHW What do I know?! I m not a mechanical engineer!! Session Topics ZNE Part 1 takeaways Design integration Choosing systems Construction follow through
More information10 tips from your Architect
10 tips from your Architect Within the context of the national week of Energy Efficiency, in collaboration with the Energy Efficiency Management Office, the Mauritius Association of Architects offers you
More informationBY HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE SUN WE ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE HOT WATER AND ELECTRICITY FROM AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE WITHOUT ADDING TO THE CARBON LEVELS
SOLAR BY HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE SUN WE ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE HOT WATER AND ELECTRICITY FROM AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE WITHOUT ADDING TO THE CARBON LEVELS IN THE ATMOSPHERE. SOLAR PANELS (PV) A typical
More informationEnergy Technology & Conservation. Week_05. Instructor: Mr. Adnan Qamar. Mechanical Engineering Department
1 Energy Technology & Conservation Week_05 Instructor: Mr. Adnan Qamar Mechanical Engineering Department 2 Lecture Contents Solar Air Heaters Energy Efficient Buildings Crop Driers Space Cooling Water
More informationThe Renner Residence 2009 Mike and Elida Renner
The Renner Residence 2009 Mike and Elida Renner Mike and Elida Renner began work on their home long before green was the "in" thing. Today, their home is a model of energy efficiency and solar energy equipment.
More informationRenewable Energy Sources (Pt 2)
Renewable Energy Sources (Pt 2) Course to be taken after Part one - Understanding The Environment and Renewable Energy Sources. CPD = 2.5 hours. Introduction This course aims to look at alternative renewable
More informationSolar Thermal Systems for Residential Homes
Solar Thermal Systems for Residential Homes Lingying Zhao, Professor Braydi McPherson, Student Assistant Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Ohio State University 1 Questions: What
More informationuse Solar thermal for hot water production
use Solar thermal for hot water production DESIGN STRATEGIES sustainable HOT WATER SOLUTIONS SOLAR HOT WATER Production of domestic hot water by converting direct sunlight into thermal energy through use
More informationuse Solar thermal for hot water production DESIGN APPROACHES
use Solar thermal for hot water production DESIGN APPROACHES GLUMAC DESIGN APPROACHES sustainable HOT WATER SOLUTIONS S SOLAR HOT WATER Production of domestic hot water by converting direct sunlight into
More informationSUSTAINABILITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND LISTED BUILDINGS
CHAPTER 14 SUSTAINABILITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND LISTED BUILDINGS (Refer to English Heritage s Guidance - Micro generation in the Historic Environment) GENERAL SUSTAINABILITY 14.1 Approximately one in
More informationPowerPoint Lectures to accompany Physical Science, 8e. Chapter 3 Energy 1/28/2011
PowerPoint Lectures to accompany Physical Science, 8e Chapter 3 Energy New Symbols for this Chapter W-Work P-Power PE-Potential Energy KE-Kinetic Energy E-Mechanical Energy Core Concept Energy is transformed
More informationSapporo Net-Zero Energy Home Hokkaido, Japan. Description. Setting. Super E Canadian Member. Super E Japanese Member. Super E Case Study
Sapporo Net-Zero Energy Home Hokkaido, Japan Description The first Super E net-zero energy house was built by the oldest Super E partnership. Tsuchiya Two-by and K. Ito and Associates constructed the very
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL EXERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DAYLIGHTING, ELECTRIC-LIGHTING, AND SPACE HEATING/COOLING SYSTEM
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL EXERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DAYLIGHTING, ELECTRIC-LIGHTING, AND SPACE HEATING/COOLING SYSTEM Hideo ASADA* and Masanori SHUKUYA** * SYSTECH Environmental Research Laboratory, 28
More informationLow Carbon Energy Feasibility Study
Low Carbon Energy Feasibility Study For Plot 2a Hawarden Business Park QA Document History Issue Issue 1 Date December 2017 Purpose Feasibility Created by Gareth Webb Signature Approvals Name Craig Cleary
More informationTurbine subsystems include: What is wind energy? What is a wind turbine and how does it work?
What is wind energy? In reality, wind energy is a converted form of solar energy. The sun's radiation heats different parts of the earth at different rates-most notably during the day and night, but also
More informationWhat are the 3 ways in which energy can travel? Explain what. conduction is. Does conduction happen best in solids, liquids or gases?
What are the 3 ways in which energy can travel? Explain what conduction is What type of materials are good conductors and what type of materials are bad conductors (good insulators)? Does conduction happen
More informationA L C H E M # $ % &
ALCHEMY! @ # $ % & BUILDING BLOCKS How much space are you looking for? 1x 300-850 SF 2x 1200-1600 SF 3x 1200-2000 SF 4x 1800-2400 SF H 8 or 9 interior 14 or 16 W L up to 60 The maximum dimensions for
More informationRotary Club Suva Presentation Thursday 28 October 2010 Tanoa Plaza, Suva Renewable Energy Explained
Rotary Club Suva Presentation Thursday 28 October 2010 Tanoa Plaza, Suva Renewable Energy Explained Dr. Anirudh Singh Head of Renewable Energy Programme USP, Suva, Fiji Renewable energy explained - outline
More informationThe surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.
Solar Energy: The Ultimate Renewable Resource Bhavik Shah What is Solar Energy? Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation
More informationComparing Renewable Energy Sources
Section 1 - Supply and Demand Fossil Fuels At present our main sources of energy are the fossil fuels. These are coal, oil and gas. Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals that died millions
More informationRenewable energy from the sun Daikin solar thermal systems for the installer
Renewable energy from the sun Daikin solar thermal systems for the installer Renewable energy from the sun Solar Thermal systems Why choose Daikin Solar? Your customer requires a solar thermal system:
More informationFLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813)
The Florida Advanced Technological Education (FLATE) Center wishes to make available, for educational and noncommercial purposes only, materials relevant to the EST1830 Introduction to Alternative/Renewable
More informationEarth s Energy Resources: GeothermaL
Earth s Energy Resources: GeothermaL Geothermal energy comes from heat deep under the ground. This energy is produced in the core of the Earth. The heat from the core can melt rock into magma. The magma
More informationIMTE AG Power Consulting Engineers
REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY Generally in many countries worldwide, most electricity is supplied by utilities or private IPPs from large central located power plants, via power supply networks called grids.
More informationGPC ONE PLANETS CONSULTANTS LTD
GPC About Us One Planets Consultants deliver clear, concise advice on what is the best options for our clients. Our expertise spans the full range of renewable technologies: solar panels {PV), solar heating
More informationRenewable energy in more detail
Renewable energy in more detail There is a difference between knowing the basics about the options available and having an in-depth understanding of the practicalities around the installation process.
More informationCompactness ratio : 1.2. Openings ratio : 26% (thermic envelope / inhabitable area) Smaller is better 1.9 = bad < 0.8 = good
ENERGIZED CANOPY Compactness ratio : 1.2 (thermic envelope / inhabitable area) Smaller is better 1.9 = bad < 0.8 = good A good compactness ratio lets to need less material and energy to build the buildings
More informationEnergy Resources. Assosciate Professor
Energy Resources Dr. Fahad Noor Engr. Adnan Qamar Assosciate Professor Lecturer f.noor@uet.edu.pk adnan@uet.edu.pk Lecture Contents Solar Air Heaters Energy Efficient Buildings Crop Driers Space Cooling
More informationLecture 3: Utilization of Passive Solar Technology
Lecture 3: Utilization of Passive Solar Technology http://www.cs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/epslab/apsf/ Lecturers: Syafaruddin & Takashi Hiyama syafa@st.eecs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp hiyama@cs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Time and
More informationChapter 18 Renewable Energy
Chapter 18 Renewable Energy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Habitat loss, soil erosion, and air pollution are disadvantages of which renewable energy source? a. solar c. biomass fuel b. wind d. moving water C DIF:
More informationMinnesota's Future 10 THE MINNESOTA VOLUNTEER
^ Fue/s fqr Minnesota's Future 10 THE MINNESOTA VOLUNTEER Is Energy Possible For Independence Minnesota? ROGER AIKEN All of Minnesota's energy energy to light our homes, cook our food, run our cars, power
More informationEnergy and Global Issues
Energy and Global Issues Chemical reactions Reactions that release heat are exothermic Reactions that absorb heat from surroundings are endothermic The energy involved in chemical reactions is measured
More informationMicro-Renewables within the home
Micro-Renewables within the home Cifal Findhorn seminar~10/6/09 Stewart S Davidson Home Renewables Advisor Energy Saving Scotland advice centre NE Energy Saving Trust The Energy Saving Trust is an independent
More informationNORTH PROJECT AQABA, JORDAN. Recommended Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Measures for the Premium Villa
NORTH PROJECT AQABA, JORDAN Recommended Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Measures for the Premium Villa Suitable Options for Premier Villas Possible Measures for Premier Villa The Villa options offered
More informationGreen Zipper. Nordic Build - Norway
Nordic Build - Norway In short If a tall building is a city in the sky, it needs gardens just as a city needs parks. A green vertical zipper will bind a garden together with the public realm. It seeks
More informationUnit 7 Overview of Solar Thermal Applications
ELTR 1223 Survey of Renewable Energy Technology Unit 7 Overview of Solar Thermal Applications REEC 120 Sustainability and Renewable Energy Source: Use Policy This material was developed by Timothy J. Wilhelm,
More informationKS4 Physics. Renewable Energy. 1 of 44. Boardworks Ltd 2005
1 of 44 KS4 Physics Renewable Energy 2 of 44 Contents Renewable Energy Solar power Wind power Water power Thermal power Summary activities 3 of 44 Solar cells Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy
More informationEnergy Statement. Gainsford Road. For Pocket Living. XCO2 energy. May 2016
For Pocket Living May 2016 XCO2 energy w: www.xco2energy.com :: e: mail@xco2energy.com t: +44 (0) 20 7700 1000 :: f: +44 (0) 20 7183 6620 17-18 Hayward s Place :: Clerkenwell :: London :: EC1R 0EQ Contents
More informationSolar Home Design and Thermal Mass
Solar Home Design and Thermal Mass Solar Home Design And Simulation of Thermal Mass Stefan Fortuin fortland@gmail.com Papers Renewable Energy System Design Renenwable En Conversion Devices Energy Policy
More informationSolar Thermal Explained... Barilla Solar. Presented by Karl Thorne
Solar Thermal Explained... Barilla Solar Presented by Karl Thorne COURSE OBJECTIVE to help you sell solar thermal by Understanding the technology Learning about some common applications and system layouts
More informationPrinciples of Green Architecture
Principles of Green Architecture Administration of Building and installation By Dr. Arash Ghandchi December 12-13, 2017 1 Sustainable Architecture Sustainable Architecture is Architecture that seeks to
More informationAM-55, AM-56) B U I L D I N G P A R T N E R S H I P S F O R E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y
Nearly zero-energy building and components of the DIRECTIVE on energy performance of buildings 2010/31/EU Albin Zsebik, PhD, CEM Improving university curricula in the areas of a) energy efficiency in the
More informationSolar Thermal Systems- A reliable technology for Green Buildings
Solar Thermal Systems- A reliable technology for Green Buildings Murat Aydemir General Manager (M.Sc. Mech.Eng., ASHRAE) Viessmann Middle East FZE, UAE Monroe Hotel, Beirut 31.03.2010 Viessmann Werke Founded:
More informationCHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION
Chapter 1: Overview of Energy Efficient Construction 1 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION Chapter 1 is a quick reference guide that discusses the key components and features of energy
More informationStudent book answers Chapter 2
P2 2.1 Food and fuels In-text A joules B Three from: wood, oil, coal, gas How far? 50 g of chocolate contains: 0.5 1500 = 750 kj You would need to run for: 750 60 = 12.5 minutes This means you will need
More informationA Review of Solar Collectors in Solar Thermal Applications
A Review of Solar Collectors in Solar Thermal Applications Kartik Somalwar Department of Mechanical Engineering,G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India Abstract - Thermal applications are drawing
More informationWhat is Sustainable Design?
What is Sustainable Design? Part Three: The Basic Principles of Passive Design Terri Meyer Boake BES, BArch, MArch, LEED AP Associate Director School of Architecture University of Waterloo Past President
More informationIdentified technologies for the InfraSUN pilot plant
Identified technologies for the InfraSUN pilot plant PROJECT TITLE: AXIS: OBJECTIVE: INTERNAL MED CODE: 1C-MED12-19 Enhancing Mediterranean Initiatives Leading SMEs to innovation in building energy efficiency
More informationSolar Nova Scotia CANADIAN SOLAR HOME DESIGN MANUAL. for anyone wanting more than a suntan!
Solar Nova Scotia CANADIAN SOLAR HOME DESIGN MANUAL for anyone wanting more than a suntan! CONTENTS 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 CONTENTS 4 SOLAR CLIMATE RANKINGS 5 INTRODUCTION 7 the solar basics 8 about this
More informationEnvironmental Science Sixth Edition
Environmental Science Sixth Edition Daniel B. Botkin Edward A. Keller 978--47-499-7 CHAPTER 19 Alternative Energy and the Environment Introduction Fossil Fuels supply about 9% of energy All others are
More informationPart 1 Review Questions on material covered in Midterms I & II
1 Arch 463 ECS Fall 2016 Name FINAL 40 Multiple Choice Questions Part 1 Review Questions on material covered in Midterms I & II 1. The Climate Consultant is a powerful site analysis tool because A. it
More informationOptimisation and Cost Analysis of a Lithium Bromide Absorption Solar Cooling System
Optimisation and Cost Analysis of a Lithium Bromide Absorption Solar Cooling System Georgios A. Florides and Soteris A. Kalogirou Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technical Institute, Nicosia,
More informationRadiant energy from the sun has powered life on Earth for many millions of years.
Solar Where Solar is Found >> Solar Photovoltaic >> Solar Thermal Power Plants >) Solar Thermal Collectors )~ Solar Energy & the Environment Solar Basics Energy from the Sun The sun has produced energy
More informationRadical POTENTIAL!! COMFORT ZONE WHAT IS IT? WHAT DOES IT HAVE TO DO WITH GREEN BUILDING + ZERO CARBON?
Radical POTENTIAL!! COMFORT ZONE WHAT IS IT? WHAT DOES IT HAVE TO DO WITH GREEN BUILDING + ZERO CARBON? Where is your Comfort Zone? This famous illustration is taken from Design with Climate, by Victor
More informationFour Rules Of Thumb That Could Lead You Astray
Four Rules Of Thumb That Could Lead You Astray Rules of thumb can point you in the wrong direction. Here s what you need to know so you don t get misled. 2 Introduction For many decades, rules of thumb
More informationPoor distribution & glare
Light transmission The benefits of the use of natural daylight in buildings in respect of health & well-being, safety, productivity and energy savings are well documented. LIGHT TRANSMISSION Light that
More informationDISCOVERIES AT NET ZERO. Michael Leckman Diamond Schmitt Architects Chris Piche Integral Group
DISCOVERIES AT NET ZERO Michael Leckman Diamond Schmitt Architects Chris Piche Integral Group DISCOVERIES AT NET ZERO So, what is a Net Zero Energy building? A building achieves Net Zero Energy when it
More informationPhotovoltaic cells transfer light energy to electrical energy. The electricity company pays the householder for the energy transferred.
Q1.Solar panels are often seen on the roofs of houses. (a) Describe the action and purpose of a solar panel............. (b) Photovoltaic cells transfer light energy to electrical energy. In the UK, some
More informationCh 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability
Ch 13 Achieving Energy Sustainability Module 38 Biomass and Water Module 39 Solar, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydrogen 4/16/18 Variation in Solar Radiation Potential Active Solar Energy captured from sunlight
More informationFebruary 19, Chapter 17: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Chapter 17: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Energy conservation - reducing or eliminating unnecessary waste of energy Energy efficiency - one way to conserve by using less to accomplish same task
More informationConversion Design of Solar Houses from Active to Passive
Conversion Design of Solar Houses from Active to Passive Ken-ichi Kimura International Research Institute on Human Environment, Tokyo, Japan Professor Emeritus, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT:
More informationHeating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects
Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects Lechner, Norbert ISBN-13: 9780470048092 Table of Contents Foreword to the First Edition. Foreword to the Third Edition. Preface. Acknowledgments.
More informationWhat is a solar water pump? 3-4. Smart Solar Water 5-6. Small Centrifugal Pump Systems 7. MPPT Diaphragm Pump Systems 8
Solar Water Systems Contents Pages What is a solar water pump? 3-4 Smart Solar Water 5-6 Small Centrifugal Pump Systems 7 MPPT Diaphragm Pump Systems 8 Large Centrifugal Pump Systems 9 Pump Price List
More informationDesign Considerations for Flat Plate Solar Water Heater System
Design Considerations for Flat Plate Solar Water Heater System 1* P. P.Patil, 2 Dr.D.S.Deshmukh. 1* Assi. Prof., Mech. Engg. Department, SGDCOE Jalgaon.MS India 2 Professor, Mech. Engg. Department, SSBT
More informationBiology 112 Introduction to Ecology. QUIZZAM Energy. Chapter Number 10
Chapter Number 10 1. Which of the following is a true statement regarding sustainable building design? 1. Construction costs are usually less than traditional building practices. 2. There are currently
More informationContents. What is a solar water pump? 3-4. Smart Solar Water 5-6. Small Centrifugal Pump Systems 7. MPPT Diaphragm Pump Systems 8
Solar Water Systems Contents Pages What is a solar water pump? 3-4 Smart Solar Water 5-6 Small Centrifugal Pump Systems 7 MPPT Diaphragm Pump Systems 8 Large Centrifugal Pump Systems 9 Pump Price List
More information