Virtual Storage. Mark O Malley University College Dublin. Grid + Storage Workshop

Transcription

1 Virtual Storage Multi-energy systems Mark O Malley mark.omalley@ucd.ie University College Dublin Grid + Storage Workshop Royal Academy of Engineers, London, March 15 th 2016

2 Outline Energy System Integration Virtual Storage competition for dedicated storage Some examples with a variable renewables bias Conclusions

3 Energy Systems Integration (ESI) Single Technologies and Locations Campus, City Community Regional, National, Continental Energy Source Fossil Nuclear Renewable Residential Commercial Industry Mobility Energy Use Sector Electricity Thermal Fuels optimization of energy systems across multiple pathways and scales increase reliability and performance, and minimise cost and environmental impacts most valuable at the interfaces where the coupling and interactions are strong and represent a challenge and an opportunity control variables are technical economic and regulatory Data Water

4 Virtual Storage by Energy Systems Integration Denmark (2015) : 42 % of electricity by wind (> 100 % for some days in January) (Virtual) storage principles: Buildings (thermal mass) can provide storage up to, say, 5-12 hours ahead District heating/cooling systems can provide storage up to 1-3 days ahead Gas systems can provide seasonal storage Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015

5 Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015

6 Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015

7 Transmission playing its part Note the sag on the line

8 EUR/GJ heat Co optimization of heat and electricity at scale Heat cost HOB light oil HOB gas CHP gas CHP coal CHP wood pellets EUR/MWh electricity Source: Lars Bregnbæk, EAEA

9 Flexibility chart (the competition) Denmark(Intercon nection-oriented) Portugal (Hydro-oriented) Ireland (CCGT-oriented) Interconnection 80% Interconnection 80% 60% Hydro 60% 40% 20% Wind: 47.3% CHP Hydro 40% 20% 0% Wind: 34.4% CHP 0% Pump CCGT Pump CCGT Ireland Portugal Y. Y asuda et al.: Flexibility Chart Evaluation on Diversity of Flexibility in Various Areas, 13th Wind Integration Workshop, WIW , (2013, 10, London).

10 Wind Installed in Republic of Ireland % electricity from wind 2015 (provisional) 2, ,844 1,577 1, ,425 MW 1, , Source: EirGrid

11 MW 100 % Wind: We will have to change how we live Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Load 100% Wind

12 Source: raponline.org Wind & solar PV curtailment in China

13 Combined heat and power (CHP) can be made flexible Chen, X., Kang, C., O Malley, M.J., Xia, Q., Bai, J., Liu, C., Sun, R., Wang, W. and Hui, L., Increasing the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Wind Power Integration in China: Modeling and Implications, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 30, pp , 2015.

14 Flexible CHP can reduce wind curtailment Chen, X., Kang, C., O Malley, M.J., Xia, Q., Bai, J., Liu, C., Sun, R., Wang, W. and Hui, L., Increasing the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Wind Power Integration in China: Modeling and Implications, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 30, pp , 2015.

15 Demonstration projects Established in Inner Mongolia, 2014, with 20 electric boilers 500,000 m 2 heat supply 75 GWh wind power annually, equivalent to 19,000t coal Decrease CO2 emission by 68,000t Source: Chongqing Kang, Tsinghua University

16 iiesi.org

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19 Joint Programme on Energy System Integration (ESI) Kick off Meeting, Dublin 9 th & 10 th May, EERA is an official part of the EU SET-Plan.

20 20 Storage Applications & Competitors Elzinga, D., Dillon, J., O Malley, M.J., Lampreia, J., The role electricity storage in providing electricity system flexibility, in Electricity in a climate constrained world. International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012.

21 Installed Capacity (MW) Historical Storage Drivers Pumped Storage Nuclear Data From OECD Countries only Repeal of fuel use act in US: blications/ngmajorleg/repeal.html

22 Conclusions dedicated Energy storage has lots of competitors Energy Systems Integration & Virtual Storage Key Enablers in integration of variable renewable energy Requires long term planning actions now