Management Science Letters

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1 Management Science Letter 2 (2012) Content lit available at GrowingScience Management Science Letter homepage: Identification and prioritization of hazardou material tranportation trategie uing DEA method Saeid Emaeili a*, Mahdi Hoeinpour a, Khahaar Sheikhi a and Nader Naderi b a M.A. Student of MBA, Kermanhah Science and Reearch Branch, Ilamic Azad Univerit, Kermanhah, Iran b Member of Entrepreneurhip Department, Razi Univerit, Kermanhah, Iran A R T I C L E I N F O Article hitor: Received June 20, 2012 Received in Revied form Augut, 20, 2012 Accepted 25 Augut 2012 Available online 3 September 2012 Keword: Hazardou material Data envelopment anali SWOT A B S T R A C T Development of indutrie need expanion of public tranportation and, conequentl, heav tranportation increae hazardou and dangerou tranportation too. Therefore, we need to conider ome trategie to reduce bad effect of tranportation of hazardou material uch a road accident. Strength, Weakne, Opportunit and Treat (SWOT) anali i an applicable method for deigning trategie in thi area. However, SWOT anali doe not provide pecific trategie and it doe not conider the efficienc and performance of each trateg. Appling a hbrid method of analzing the trategie and their performance evaluation help deciion maker elect the bet trategie baed on the current limitation. In thi paper, different trategie for hazardou tranportation rik reduction are deigned and relative efficiencie of all alternative are compared uing DEA method. The propoed model of thi paper ue three input including implementation cot, operation and maintenance cot and operational and four output including accident rate reduction, fuel conumption reduction, emploment rate increment and death number reduction. The reult of the implementation uing even different trategie have ielded two important trategie including continuou improvement of vehicle tandard, driving kill, tranportation tem qualit, and loading method and expanion of petroleum pipe network Growing Science Ltd. All right reerved. 1. Introduction Hazardou material i defined a ome material that are dangerou for the life of people and environment. Reearcher are categorizing hazardou material in nine categorie a follow, 1. Ga; 2. Flammable liquid; 3. Non-liquid flammable; * Correponding author. addree: aipa_aeid@ahoo.com (S. Emaeili) 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All right reerved. doi: /j.ml

2 Oxidant; 5. Exploive; 6. Acid liquid; 7. Radioactive material; 8. Toxic ubtance; and 9. Other hazardou material. Thee hazardou material hould be tranported from one place to another in different road like other material. Tranportation method and adopting related trategie for thee material hipment pla important role in tranportation planning. There i a growing interet in planning tranportation of hazardou material anwhere in the world. Ghazinoor and Kheirkhah (2008) conidered the preent condition of tranportation of hazardou material in Iran and the reulting accident. The explained that optimal condition for the general tranportation tem of hazardou material wa delineated with due focu on tranportation rik a the main parameter. The alo explained different trategie for reaching the optimal condition and the impact of thee trategie on the reduction of accident were analzed. Thee da, hazardou material are required in different indutrie uch a petroleum, oil refinerie, chemical and petrochemical indutrie, expanion of fuel needed in factorie, etc. There are literall variou tudie focued on different apect involved in tranportation of hazardou material. Lack of appropriate tranporting road, lack of railroad, accident rate growth in world, etc. are jut ome apect of them. We can utilize different method for tuding the related wa for decreaing the accident rate and increaing the hazardou tranportation afet in Iranian road. SWOT anali i one of thee method but depite man advantage of adopting SWOT anali, it uffer from ome hortcoming. SWOT anali cannot meaure the efficienc of each trateg and conequentl cannot provide a prioritized lit of trategie. In fact, SWOT anali i a ueful method for deigning trategie but not a good one for ranking them. It doe not help deciion maker elect the bet trategie. To reolve thi problem we ma utilize a DEA method and meaure the efficienc of each trateg baed on defined input and output and finall ranked them baed on their relative efficiencie. There are literall different tudie for adaptation of SWOT in tranportation of hazardou material. Kheirkhah et al. (2009), for intance, explained that an increae in hazardou material tranportation in Iran along with the indutrial development and increae of reulted deadl accident neceitate the development and implementation of ome trategie to reduce thee incident. The alo explained that SWOT anali wa an efficient method for developing trategie, however, it tructural problem, including a lack of prioritizing internal and external factor and inabilit to conider two ided factor reducing it performance in the ituation where the number of internal and external factor influencing the rik of hazardou material wa relativel high and ome factor are two ided in nature are preented in the article. Fuzz SWOT anali i a method the ue of which help with olving thee problem and i the iue of emploing an effective methodolog. In addition, the compared the reulted trategie of the fuzz method with the trategie developed following SWOT in order to how the relative upremac of the new method. In thi paper, we preent an empirical tud to make appropriate trateg election for tranportation of hazardou material. The propoed model of thi paper ue data envelopment anali to conider different factor influencing variou trategie and order the bet efficient trategie.

3 S. Emaeili et al./ Management Science Letter 2 (2012) Data Envelopment Anali DEA i a mathematical modeling for efficienc evaluation of deciion making unit (DMU) baed on their common conumption of input and production of output. Charne et al. (1978, 1994) are believed to be the firt people who introduced the idea of meauring relative efficiencie of imilar unit baed on different input/output. For ear, DEA ha been uccefull implemented for variou indutrie to etup appropriate target (Sarki, 1997; Ball & Wilkinon, 2000). Fallah et al. (2011), for intance, examined DEA model for the etimation and improvement of organizational input and output in order to enhance management and deciion making procee. The propoed an empirical DEA anali on banking ector b conidering everal financial and non-financial input and output. The relative efficiencie of variou branche of bank are analzed in variou cenario. Ahmadkhani and Babakhania (2011) preented an empirical tud to meaure the relative efficiencie of training organization uing DEA method. The tud ued a Delphi method to determine the mot important input/output factor and then gathered the actual data for all unit located in an Iranian province called Zanjan. The reult of the implementation of the DEA method were compared for variou period and the were analzed. The performed the DEA implementation for two eparate region, one for the unit located inide the cit and the other for the unit located in the rural area. The output reult of both method were compared and the reult are dicued in detail. In thi ection, we preent the problem tatement of the propoed DEA method ued in thi paper. In a DEA method, there are normall ome input and output aociated with all deciion-making unit. Let x ij be the input for one of deciion-making unit with i=1,,m and rj be the output of the ame unit with r=1,, and j=1,,n and uppoe ui and v j are the dual variable aociated with x i and j, repectivel. The contant return to cale DEA modeling formulation i a follow, max ubject to z i1 r 1 m i1 u r v x r. i i. r rj r 1 m u v x i ij x ij, ij 0 1. (1) Model (1) i the baic DEA, which can be olved j time to determine the relative efficiencie of variou unit. However, ince model (1) i nonlinear in tructure, Charle et al. (1978) propoed a imple modification of the objective function to convert model (1) into a imple linear programming problem a follow, max ubject to z r 1 i1 u r r r rj r 1 m u i v x ij. 1. (2)

4 [ 3052 m v x i i. 1 i1 ur, vi 0, j 1,..., n Problem (2) ha been widel ued for the pat three decade and the reult are commonl accepted a a tool for meauring the relative efficiencie of variou unit. There are literall different verion of DEA method uch a input or output oriented model and the are ued depending on whether we have control on the output or the input parameter. DEA model have been extended when there are uncertaintie aociated with input/output called robut DEA. In robut DEA we conider an acceptable perturbation on each parameter and final olution will not change a long a thee parameter change in the interval of uncertaintie (Roghanian & Foroughi, 2010). 3. DEA Implementation in Hazardou Tranportation To reduce danger of hazardou tranportation, ome trategie can be adopted b SWOT anali. Thee trategie are liting a below: A: Continuou improvement of vehicle tandard, driving kill, tranportation tem qualit, and loading method, B: Expanion of petroleum pipe network, C: Implementing up to date technologie in hazardou tranportation tem, D: Media coverage and vat broadcating of high rik of hazardou tranportation, E: Implementation of afet management tem in hazardou tranportation companie, F: Etablihing pecial and high killed companie for hazardou material tranporting, G: Expanion of reearch baed organization for tuding on hazardou tranportation tem. Seven trategie were lited. For evaluating thee trategie we determined ome input and output. Determined input and output are: Input C 1 : Implementation Cot C 2 : Operation and Maintenance Cot C 3 : Operational Output B 1 : Accident Rate Reduction B 2 : Fuel Conumption Reduction B 3 : Emploment Rate Increment B 4 : Death number Reduction For trateg evaluation, eential information are gleaned from different reource. Traffic officer, traffic and tranportation expert, truck driver and other related reource were elected a a confident ource of information. Table 1 and 2 are howing the normalized data gathered from expert. Table1 Data gathered a input Table 2 Data gathered a output Strateg C 3 C 2 C 1 B 4 B 3 B 2 B 1 A B C D E F G

5 S. Emaeili et al./ Management Science Letter 2 (2012) 3053 The implementation of Eq. (2) uing the input and output given in Table 1 and Table 2 ield the efficiencie for trategie A to G given in Table 3. Table 3 The reult of the relative efficiencie of even trategie Strateg A B C D E F G Efficienc Baed on the extracted reult from the oftware, we prioritized the trategie b their efficienc. A-B-F-D-E-G-C Thi rank would help deciion maker elect the bet trategie. In other word, the firt two trategie including continuou improvement of vehicle tandard, driving kill, tranportation tem qualit, and loading method and expanion of petroleum pipe network are the bet candidate for tranportation of hazardou material. Another competitive alternative i to etablih pecial and high killed companie for hazardou material tranportation. In addition, media coverage and vat broadcating of high rik of hazardou tranportation a well a implementation of afet management tem in hazardou tranportation companie could alo be conidered a alternative trategie. 5. Concluion Hazardou material are ubject of man tudie and different trategie could be ued for the hipment of uch material. However, it i not alwa ea to make appropriate election among variou alternative. One alternative i to conider different factor influencing election of variou trategie and build a DEA method. The propoed model of thi paper ha implemented a DEA model to handle trateg election. The propoed model of thi paper ued three input including implementation cot, operation and maintenance cot and operational and four output including accident rate reduction, fuel conumption reduction, emploment rate increment and death number reduction. The reult of the implementation uing even different trategie have ielded two important trategie including continuou improvement of vehicle tandard, driving kill, tranportation tem qualit, and loading method and expanion of petroleum pipe network. Acknowledgment The author would like to thank the anonmou referee for contructive comment on earlier verion of thi paper. Reference Ahmadkhani, A., & Babakhania, M. (2011). An empirical tud to meaure the relative efficiencie of training organization uing data envelopment anali. Management Science Letter, 1(2), Ball, R., & Wilkinon, R. H. (2000). Meauring the performance of higher education intitution. proceeding of the thirteenth international forum of the European Aociation for Intitutional Reearch Charne A, Cooper, W. W., Rhode, E. (1978). Meauring the efficienc of deciion making unit. European Journal of the Operational Reearch, 2, Charne A, Cooper W. W., Lewin, A., Seiford, L. M. (1994). Data envelopment anali: theor, methodolog and application. Maachuett: Kluwer Academic Publiher.

6 3054 Fallah, M., Aranezhad, M. B., Najafi, S. E., & Shahavaripour, N. (2011). An empirical tud on meauring the relative efficienc uing DEA method: A cae tud of bank indutr. Management Science Letter, 1(1), Ghazinoor, S. & Kheirkhah, A.S. (2008). Tranportation of hazardou material in Iran: A trategic approach for decreaing accident. Tranport, 23(2), Kheirkhah, A.S., zadeh, A., & Ghazinoor, S. (2009). Developing trategie to reduce the rik of hazardou material tranportation in Iran uing the method of fuzz SWOT anali, Tranport. 24(4), Roghanian, E. & Foroughi, A. (2010). An empirical tud of Iranian regional airport uing robut data envelopment anali. International Journal of Indutrial Engineering Computation, 1(1), Sarki, J. (1997). A comparative anali of DEA a a dicrete alternative multiple criteria deciion tool. European Journal of Operational Reearch, 19(1),

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