The Water Crisis: Affecting Women s Opportunity and Health. Mintamir is an eighteen-year-old woman from Amhara, Ethiopia. Every morning since

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1 The Water Crisis: Affecting Women s Opportunity and Health Mintamir is an eighteen-year-old woman from Amhara, Ethiopia. Every morning since she was able to walk, she makes the long journey to the nearest pond to collect water for her family. The entire family lives on just 10 gallons of water a day. There is not enough water to spare for her to clean herself, so as a result, she has poor hygiene and terrible body odor that results in illnesses. The time she spends collecting water and recovering is time taken away from her getting an education and starting a career. Mintamir is one of 884 million people caught in the water crisis, and one of many women who are deprived of the opportunity to get an education and to have proper health. 1 The water crisis is a lack of water around the world, whether it is physical or economic water scarcity. Physical water scarcity is when there is a bigger demand for water than there are physical resources to provide for it. Economic water scarcity is when there is not enough capital to provide access to a clean water source. The water crisis affects mainly developing countries, particularly rural areas that are impoverished. 66% of the people that lack access to clean water live on less than $2 a day. This is mainly because they do not live in an area that provides a water infrastructure (urban areas). These people also do not have the legal rights to clean water. This shortage of water mainly affects women because of their low status in society, as it is for this reason that they are the family members responsible for collecting water. Some of these women have to walk as much as 10 kilometers a day in order to obtain water, and even then, this water is not clean. Because fetching water takes up so much time, this factor, along with many others, contributes to the overwhelming rate of female school dropouts in developing countries. 2 Another factor is that in developing countries, the cost of water is greater than one s income, as

2 opposed to a developed country where one s income is greater than the cost of water. Because women have to spend most of their time collecting water and recovering from water-born illnesses, their access to proper education and health is taken away, and this results in lost productivity and a never-ending cycle of poverty. However, this crisis can be solved by the installation of a well in a village where people are affected by water shortage. In Africa, 40 billion hours a year, which is the entire annual workforce of France, are spent collecting water. 1 Since women are usually the family members given this chore, they spend much of their time collecting water and as a result, they do not have time to go to school and start a career. Every day, women spend 200 million hours collecting water. This is 200 million hours of lost productivity that can be spent improving developing countries. The lack of toilets in schools is also an obstacle for girls once they start their menstrual cycle. They cannot go to school for a few days each of the month and this results in the loss of many school days. Eventually they drop out because they too have to collect water. They never get to finish their education and they cannot start a career, so they can never earn an income, thus continuing the cycle of poverty. 3 Besides lack of opportunity, another thing that affects women is lack of sanitation. The water that is collected is not clean. A big reason for this is that only 10% of waste water gets treated and the rest of the water goes into the lakes, rivers, and oceans that the women collect water from. 3 Three days worth of untreated fecal matter around the world would be enough to fill the Superdome. 3 It contains many bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Schistosoma, Cholera vibrios, and Hepatitis A. 1 Because these countries affected by the water crisis are so poor, there is not adequate access to medical treatment so as a result, many people die. Diseases obtained from contaminated water kill more people than war. Half of the hospital

3 beds in the world are taken up by people sick due to the water crisis. 3 Also, on the walks to a water source, women have a high risk of being sexually harassed and assaulted. The containers they use to carry the water weigh 40 pounds when they are full and this causes back problems for many women. 1 Another thing that affects the health of women is toilets. The lack of toilets is unsanitary. Women are not allowed to go to the restroom during the day so they have to hold it until the night so they will not be seen. This can result in infection. 3 The most practical and effective solution is to build a well in a village that is far away from a water source. By building a well, women only have to spend minutes as opposed to hours collecting water, so they can go to school. This water is also clean, so the amount of diseases is reduced. With their new education, they can get a job, such as a teacher, business owner, or hygiene worker. As a hygiene worker, a woman can help to promote sanitation by petitioning to build hand-washing stations that will help to prevent the spread of diseases. Clean water can reduce diarrhea by 21%, basic sanitation can reduce it by 37.5%, and the washing of hands can reduce it by 35%. 1 The reduction of diseases will allow more women to get an education because they will not have to miss school to recover from these illnesses. Just providing a village with a well can make a huge difference in the world. A woman who usually spends hours collecting water will now have time to go to school and get an education. In the effort to provide developing countries with water, by 2015, it is predicated that there will be 272 million more school attendance days a year. There will be a reduced risk of back pain in women because they do not have to carry heavy containers of water. There will also be a lower rate of rape because they do not have to take long and dangerous walks to get to a water source. A woman can now go to school and with this education, she can start a career, and earn an income. Now, both men and women will have an education, and because of this greater

4 level of educated people, developing countries will become more globalized and over time, can be brought out of their current state. Women will have a higher status in society and this will eventually stop gender discrimination. All this can happen because of one thing we take for granted, one thing we do not really think about having. One thing that keeps us alive and healthy. That one thing that others do not have and should have: water. 3 Works Cited 1. Why Water? Charity: water. Charity: water, n.d. Web. 25 July < 2. The Global Water Crisis. The UN Works. UN Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 July < 3. Water.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July <

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