Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

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1 Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

2 Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe This analysis contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. Feb-15 Page 2

3 214 in a Nutshell The contribution of renewable energy produced in The Netherlands, as a percentage of total energy demand in The Netherlands, peaked to 7.9% on 11 August. The contribution of renewable power produced in The Netherlands, as a percentage of total power demand in The Netherlands, peaked to 19.8% on 2 February. Solar PV in The Netherlands reached more than 1 GW (+5%). The daily production of solar PV peaked at 5.4 GWh on 6 June. Wind capacity grew by 162 MW (+6%) of new wind energy installed. The daily production of wind energy peaked at 55 GWh on 22 December. Excluding imported electricity, feedstock and bunkers, in 214 renewables contributed on average 4.6% of primary energy in The Netherlands. 214 was an extraordinarily warm year. Feb-15 Page 3

4 Content Annual energy data Monthly energy data Weekly energy data Daily energy data Hourly energy data Miscellaneous Feb-15 Page 4

5 SELECTED ANNUAL ENERGY DATA Feb-15 Page 5

6 Energy consumption In 214 TWh Gas** Transport* Int. Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industrial oil Int. Aviation* Coal** Renewables Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses *estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power The contribution of renewable energy in 214, calculated as primary energy and excluding power imports and international shipping & aviation, is estimated at 4.1%. If feedstock is excluded, the percentage contribution of renewable energy in 214 is estimated at 4.6%. Total primary energy demand for all purposes is about 1 TWh Feb-15 Page 6

7 CO 2 -emissions 214 Mton CO Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM, CE-Delft, own analyses *do not contribute to the national CO2 target ** excl. gas & coal to power In 214 the national CO 2 -emission from the energy sector is estimated at 155 Mton (in 213: 158 Mton). This excludes the sectors which do not contribute to the national target. Feb-15 Page 7

8 Renewable Energy 214 TWh Bio-heat Wind Bio-oil Bio-gas Bio-power Solar Hydro Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses The amount of renewable energy produced in The Netherlands in 214 is estimated at 22 TWh. Biomass contributed to 72% of the total amount. Feb-15 Page 8

9 Power Generation 214 TWh Gas Coal Net imports Renewables Nuclear Others Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses Power consumption (generation + imports) in 214 was about 112 TWh. Power is primarily generated by gas and coal. The average contribution from renewable energy in power generation is estimated at 7.9% Feb-15 Page 9

10 Installed Power Generation MW Start of Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses At the start of 214, installed power generation capacity (>1 MW) in The Netherlands was about 271 MW. This includes intermittent power sources, mothballed power stations and power stations under maintenance. Typically, less than 2 MW is available for the market. Feb-15 Page 1

11 Installed Power Generation 214 MW End of Gas Coal Wind Solar Biomass* Nuclear Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses At the end of 214, installed power generation was 263 MW, a reduction of 8 MW. Solar PV capacity increased by 36 MW and surpassed biomass; wind capacity increased by 162 MW. Feb-15 Page 11

12 SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA Feb-15 Page 12

13 Energy Demand 214 TWh Sources: TenneT, GTS, own analyses Gas** Power Transport* Industry-oil ** gas excl. gas-to-power Whereas most of the energy consumption is fairly stable over the year, gas demand has a pronounced seasonal character. Feb-15 Page 13

14 CO2 Emission 214 Mton Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Monthly CO2 emissions are higher in winter than in summer, due to the energy demand for heating purposes. In this graph, the associated CO2 emissions due to power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation are excluded. Feb-15 Page 14

15 Renewable Energy Production 214 GWh Bio-heat Bio-oil Bio-gas Bio-elec. Hydro Solar Wind Sources: CBS, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Monthly pattern of all renewable energy sources in the Netherlands in 214. By lack of data, the contributions from biomass and hydro are assumed to be flat Feb-15 Page 15

16 Percentage renewables Renewable Energy & Primary Energy 214 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % % 4.9% 4.3% 4.6% 4.8% 4.6% 4.8% 5.4% 4.1% 4.9% 4.% 4.4% Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses The percentage renewable energy of primary energy demand has been estimated according to EU norms. Amongst others, renewable power generation has been corrected with an average power station efficiency of 42.7%; and power imports, international bunkers and feedstock have been omitted. Feb-15 Page 16

17 Power Generation 214 TWh net import Other Nuclear Gas Coal Renewables Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, own analyses Power generation was fairly stable over the year. In Q4, the contribution of coal-fired power increased to 35%, while net imports decreased. Feb-15 Page 17

18 Solar-PV Power Generation 214 GWh Sources: CertiQ, klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Solar PV in The Netherlands has peaked in 214 to 112 GWh in July. Sufficient for 38. households that month. In January, Solar-PV provided power for 4. households. Feb-15 Page 18

19 Wind Power Generation 214 GWh Sources: WindStats, KNMI, own analyses Wind power generation in The Netherlands peaked in February and was that month sufficient for 2.7 million households. In September wind provided power for.6 million households. Feb-15 Page 19

20 CO2 emission per kwh electricity produced 214 g/kwh sources: TenneT, CBS, KNMI, CE-Delft, etc. & own analyses The average monthly CO2 emission from power generation varies between 424 and 473 g/kwh. The relative low CO2 emissions in January and February is related to a high fraction of wind. A similar wind fraction in December was compensated by higher coal-fired generation Feb-15 Page 2

21 SELECTED WEEKLY ENERGY DATA Feb-15 Page 21

22 Gas Production & Imports 214 GWh Storages Gas import Production LNG Terminals Sources: GTS, own analyses Weekly gas production peaked in February (Temp = 3 o C). Storages were filled in summer ( negative production ). Net gas import flows, as reported by GTS, were relatively stable throughout the year and added up to 193. GWh (about 2 BCM). LNG send out was low in 214. Feb-15 Page 22

23 Gas Demand & Exports 214 GWh Industry LDC points Gas export Sources: GTS, own analyses Weekly gas demand peaks in winter to more than 1. GWh per week. Industrial consumption is rather flat. Gas demand includes gas for power generation. Net gas export flows, as reported by GTS, had a seasonal character and added up to 374 GWh (about 38 BCM). Feb-15 Page 23

24 Final Energy 214 GWh Coal* Oil Electricity Gas* Sources: GTS, own analyses Weekly final energy consumption in The Netherlands. Gas* and coal* quantities are exclusive usage for power generation. Oil (transport and industry) and coal (industry) profiles are assumed to be flat. The figure ignores oil used for bunkers and feedstock. Energy demand peaked during a relatively cold period in the beginning of December. Feb-15 Page 24

25 CO2 emission 214 Mton Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, KNMI, etc., own analyses Weekly CO2 emission in 214. Power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation are excluded. Feb-15 Page 25

26 Solar PV Power 214 GWh Sources: CertiQ, klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses Weekly power generation by Solar-PV in The Netherlands in 214. Between January and December solar-pv capacity grew with 5%. Feb-15 Page 26

27 Wind Power 214 GWh Sources: CertiQ, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Weekly power generation by wind in The Netherlands in 214. Between January and December, wind capacity grew with 6% Feb-15 Page 27

28 Renewable Energy 214 GWh Biogas solar-pv Wind Sources: CBS, CertiQ, klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses In week 6, power from Solar-PV and wind was 26 GWh, equal to 11% of total power demand. The figure presents, as a reference, the amount of biogas produced (flat profile assumed). Most biogas is not injected into the gas grid, but directly converted to power. Feb-15 Page 28

29 Coal to Power 214 GWh Coal to power in Sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, etc., own analyses Estimated weekly power generation by coal-fired power stations in The Netherlands. Coal usage for power generation is estimated to peak in the last quarter. There are no data available about co-firing with biomass; the contribution of biomass in 214 is estimated as not significant. Feb-15 Page 29

30 Gas to Power 214 GWh Gas to power in Sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, own analyses Estimated weekly power generation with gas in The Netherlands in 214. Feb-15 Page 3

31 Power Totals 214 GWh net import Conventional solar-pv Wind Sources: CertiQ, klimaatmonitor, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Weekly power generation in The Netherlands in 214. In week 6, Solar-PV and wind contributed 26 GWh, equal to 11% of national power demand. In Q4 214, net imports were lower than in the previous quarters. Feb-15 Page 31

32 CO2 emission per kwh electricity produced 214 g/kwh sources: TenneT, CBS, KNMI, etc. & own analyses The average CO2 emission of power production per week varies between 42 and 48 g/kwh and is dependent on, among others, the amount of coal-fired generation in relation to the total amount of power generation and the amount of wind. Feb-15 Page 32

33 SELECTED DAILY ENERGY DATA Feb-15 Page 33

34 Total Daily Gas Consumption 214 GWh Source: GTS Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov Industry LDC points Total daily gas consumption in The Netherlands, including gas for power generation, peaked at 18 GWh in the beginning of December, with some consecutive days with temperatures just below o C. Feb-15 Page 34

35 Daily Gas Imports and Exports 214 GWh Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov Gas import Gas export Source: GTS Net daily gas imports and exports, as published by GTS. While net imports are fairly stable throughout the year, net exports have a seasonal pattern. Feb-15 Page 35

36 Daily Gas Production 214 GWh Source: GTS Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov Storages Production LNG Terminals Daily gas production in The Netherlands in 214. Daily gas production peaked on December 27 th at 35 GWh. Negative number indicate net injections into storages. Feb-15 Page 36

37 Daily Gas & Power Demand 214 GWh Power Gas* Comparison between daily gas and power demand in The Netherlands. Gas demand in this figure is excluding gas-to-power. Feb-15 Page 37

38 Daily Percentage Renewable Energy 214 Renewables 214 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses The percentage renewable daily energy in The Netherlands according to EU norms. The percentage varied between 2.1% (December 4 th ) and 7.9% (August 11 th ). Feb-15 Page 38

39 Daily CO2 Emission 214 Mton Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, KNMI, own analyses Daily CO2 emission in 214. Power imports, feedstock and international shipping and aviation are excluded. Feb-15 Page 39

40 Daily Power Generation 214 GWh Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov net import Conventional Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, Certiq, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Daily power generation, including imports. Feb-15 Page 4

41 Daily Import and Export Power 214 GWh Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov import export Source: TenneT Daily import and export power in The Netherlands. In the last quarter, exports increased, while imports decreased. Feb-15 Page 41

42 Daily Solar PV Power Generation 214 GWh Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Sources: CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Daily Solar PV power generation in 214. Data to generate these curves have been averaged over different weather stations in the country. Nevertheless, significant volatility is visible. Feb-15 Page 42

43 Daily Wind Power Generation 214 GWh Wind in 214 Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Sources: CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses Daily Wind power generation in 214. Wind data to generate these curves have been collected from different weather stations in the country. For the conversion from wind speed to power has been carried out using a wind-power curve for typical wind turbines. Feb-15 Page 43

44 Daily Coal-fired Power 214 GWh Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Coal Wind Sources: CBS, TenneT, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Estimated daily coal-fired power generation in 214. For comparison, daily wind generation is added. Coal-fired power generation shows a limited weekdayweekend pattern. The effect of wind on coal-fired power is still limited. Feb-15 Page 44

45 Daily Gas-fired Power 214 GWh Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Gas Wind Sources: CBS, TenneT, Windstats, KNMI, own analyses Estimated daily gas-fired power generation in 214. For comparison, daily wind generation is added. Gas-fired power generation shows a significant weekdayweekend pattern and is affected by wind. Feb-15 Page 45

46 Daily Percentage Renewable Power 214 Renewables 25% 214 2% 15% 1% 5% % Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Sources: CBS, TenneT, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses The percentage renewable daily Power in The Netherlands varied between 2.4% (November 19 th ) and 19.8% (February 9 th ). Feb-15 Page 46

47 CO2 emission per kwh electricity in 214 g/kwh sources: CBS, TenneT, Wndstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, CE-Delft, etc. & own analyses The CO2 emission, averaged over all power producers, including renewables, has varied between 4 and 5 g/kwh. Feb-15 Page 47

48 CO2 per kwh Power Generated - Average Daily Pattern 214 g/kwh sources: TenneT, CBS, KNMI, CE-Delft, etc. & own analyses The CO2 emission per kwh generated power has a typical daily pattern. The graph presents the averaged emission of CO2 from power production in The Netherlands, in 214 during the day Feb-15 Page 48

49 SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA Feb-15 Page 49

50 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW January Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 5

51 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW February Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 51

52 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW March Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 52

53 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW April Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 53

54 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW May May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 54

55 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW June Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 55

56 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW July Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 56

57 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW August Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 57

58 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW September Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 58

59 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW October Oct 8-Oct 15-Oct 22-Oct 29-Oct Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 59

60 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW November Nov 8-Nov 15-Nov 22-Nov 29-Nov Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 6

61 Hourly Power Origins in 214 MW December Dec 8-Dec 15-Dec 22-Dec 29-Dec Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Feb-15 Page 61

62 The following set of slides presents for each week in 214 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. Feb-15 Page 62

63 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jan 2-Jan 3-Jan 4-Jan 5-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 63

64 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 1-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 64

65 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan 19-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 65

66 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan 26-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 66

67 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 3-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb 2-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 67

68 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, own analyses Feb-15 Page 68

69 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb 16-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, own analyses Feb-15 Page 69

70 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 2-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb 23-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 7

71 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar 2-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 71

72 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar 9-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 72

73 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar 16-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 73

74 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 2-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar 23-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 74

75 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar 3-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 75

76 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr 6-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 76

77 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 1-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr 13-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 77

78 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr 2-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 78

79 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr 27-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 79

80 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Apr 29-Apr 3-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May 4-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 8

81 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 1-May 11-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 81

82 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May 18-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 82

83 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh May 2-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 83

84 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh May 27-May 28-May 29-May 3-May 31-May Rest Wind solar-pv 1-Jun Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 84

85 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 85

86 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jun 1-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 86

87 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 2-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 87

88 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun 29-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 88

89 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul 6-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 89

90 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 1-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul 13-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 9

91 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul 2-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 91

92 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul 27-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 92

93 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Jul 29-Jul 3-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug 3-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 93

94 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug 1-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 94

95 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug 17-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 95

96 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Aug 19-Aug 2-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug 24-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 96

97 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 3-Aug 31-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 97

98 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep 7-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 98

99 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Sep 9-Sep 1-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 99

100 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 2-Sep 21-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 1

101 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Sep 23-Sep 24-Sep 25-Sep 26-Sep 27-Sep 28-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 11

102 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Sep 3-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct 4-Oct 5-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 12

103 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Oct 7-Oct 8-Oct 9-Oct 1-Oct 11-Oct 12-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 13

104 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Oct 14-Oct 15-Oct 16-Oct 17-Oct 18-Oct 19-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 14

105 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Oct 21-Oct 22-Oct 23-Oct 24-Oct 25-Oct 26-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 15

106 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Oct 28-Oct 29-Oct 3-Oct 31-Oct 1-Nov 2-Nov Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 16

107 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Nov 4-Nov 5-Nov 6-Nov 7-Nov 8-Nov 9-Nov Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 17

108 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Nov 11-Nov 12-Nov 13-Nov 14-Nov 15-Nov 16-Nov Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 18

109 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Nov 18-Nov 19-Nov 2-Nov 21-Nov 22-Nov 23-Nov Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 19

110 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Nov 25-Nov 26-Nov 27-Nov 28-Nov 29-Nov 3-Nov Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 11

111 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Dec 2-Dec 3-Dec 4-Dec 5-Dec 6-Dec 7-Dec Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 111

112 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Dec 9-Dec 1-Dec 11-Dec 12-Dec 13-Dec 14-Dec Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 112

113 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Dec 16-Dec 17-Dec 18-Dec 19-Dec 2-Dec 21-Dec Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 113

114 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 214 MWh Dec 23-Dec 24-Dec 25-Dec 26-Dec 27-Dec 28-Dec Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Feb-15 Page 114

115 MISCELLANEOUS Feb-15 Page 115

116 Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. The average CO2 emission for power has been calculated using the information gathered in the current exercise. Feb-15 Page 116

117 Daily Temperatures 214 o C Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov Source: KNMI 214 was a very warm year, with hardly any temperatures below zero. Feb-15 Page 117

118 Daily Effective Temperatures 214 o C Jan 1-Mar 1-May 1-Jul 1-Sep 1-Nov Sources: KNMI, own analyses Effective temperature is the temperature including wind shield factor. Feb-15 Page 118

119 Gas Demand 214 GWh Sources: GTS, KNMI, own analyses Effective Temperature o C Gas Demand (excluding Gas-to-Power) as a function of effective temperature Feb-15 Page 119

120 Energy Stocks 214 TWh n.a. Oil* Gas** Coal*** Power**** * 25% of strategic oil stock (22 days) **8 mln car batteries contain <,1 TWh Sources: COVA, TNO, Taqa, Gasunie, own analyses Total energy stocks are estimated at 24% of the annual energy demand or sufficient for 87 days energy consumption. Feb-15 Page 12

121 Epilogue This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. Feb-15 Page 121

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