Biodiversity and Conservation

Transcription

1 Chapter Test A CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the phrase or sentence that best answers each question. Part B: Matching 1. Which defines extinction? A. A species disappears. B. An ecosystem vanishes. C. Biodiversity decreases. D. Genetic diversity drops. 2. Which defines background extinction? A. an accelerated extinction rate B. extinctions of unknown species C. mass extinctions in the past D. the natural extinction rate 3. Which is an example of habitat fragmentation? A. building several roads through wetlands B. cutting down an entire section of forest C. dumping chemical pollutants into a lake D. removing the predators from a rain forest Place a check in the correct box to identify the type of pollution that applies to each statement. More than one box may be checked for each statement. Statement 1. Fertilizers cause excess algae to grow, which lower aquatic oxygen levels. 2. Sulfur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to make sulfuric acid. 3. Pesticides accumulate in the bodies of organisms higher on the food chain. 4. The accumulation of DDT in tissues of eagles and ospreys in the 1970s. Acid Precipitation Biological Magnification Eutrophication 166 Biodiversity and Conservation CHAPTER 5 Unit 1

2 Chapter Test A CONTINUED Part C: Interpreting Graphs Figure 1 Use Figure 1 to respond to each question and statement. 1. Interpret How many kilograms of oil equivalent does the country of Bangladesh consume? 2. Contrast the kilograms of oil equivalent consumption of Canada and India. Use Figure 2 to respond to each question. 3. Interpret What range of area damage is caused by slash and burn farming techniques? 4. Interpret Which type of disaster causes damage over the greatest area? Figure 2 Unit 1 CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 167

3 Chapter Test A CONTINUED Part D: Short Answer 1. Define biodiversity. 2. Identify several natural resources. 3. Differentiate between bioremediation and biological augmentation. Part E: Concept Application 1. Assess Tropical rain forests have the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem in the biosphere. Assess how the destruction of Earth s rain forests would impact humans. 2. Infer The giant panda once lived across most of China, but currently, it lives in four small regions of China, and it is hunted for its fur. Infer why there are only 1000 giant pandas left in the wild. Use the term overexploitation in your answer. 168 Biodiversity and Conservation CHAPTER 5 Unit 1

4 Chapter Test B CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or answers each question. 1. Extinction describes the disappearance of a(n) A. organism from an ecosystem. B. organism from the biosphere. C. species from an ecosystem. D. species from the biosphere. 2. Which is an indirect economic value of a mangrove forest growing along a coast? A. flood protection B. fruit harvesting C. lumber source D. tourist destination 3. Which group has suffered the greatest percentage of species extinctions since 1600? A. birds B. fishes C. mammals D. reptiles Part B: Completion 4. The increased concentration of pesticides in the tissues of organisms that are high on the food chain is an example of A. biodiversity. B. biological augmentation. C. biological magnification. D. bioremediation. Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below. 1. The variety of living things found on a tropical island is called the island s. 2. Because the world s cheetahs have little variation in their DNA, the total population of this animal has a low. 3. Enjoying the beauty of a desert landscape is an example of the desert s. 4. Elephants with thick fur becoming extinct as a result of natural forces is an example of. 5. Runoff carrying excess animal wastes, sewage, and fertilizers into a lake causes a form of pollution known as. Unit 1 CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 169

5 Chapter Test B CONTINUED Part C: Interpreting Graphs Figure 2 Figure 1 Use Figure 1 to respond to each question and statement. 1. Contrast the kilograms of oil equivalent consumption of the United States with the average industrialized nation. 2. Infer why Bangladesh consumes the least kilograms of oil equivalent. Use Figure 2 to respond to each statement. 3. Contrast the maximum area of damage caused by slash-and-burn farming techniques with the maximum area of damage caused by a tsunami. 4. Describe the extent of damage from and recovery time for a meteor strike. 170 Biodiversity and Conservation CHAPTER 5 Unit 1

6 Chapter Test B CONTINUED Part D: Short Answer 1. Infer why the tundra region of Alaska has less biodiversity than the temperate rain forests of the Pacific Northwest. 2. Explain how overexploitation contributes toward present-day increasing mass extinctions. Provide an example with your answer. Part E: Concept Application 1. Infer why citizens of the Caribbean country St. Lucia have an economic incentive to preserve the biodiversity of their coral reef ecosystems. 2. Explain why coral animals are a keystone species for reef ecosystems. Unit 1 CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 171

7 Chapter Test C CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best answers each question. 1. Which is an example of genetic diversity within a rain forest? A. all of the genes found within the ecosystem B. DNA of a single three-toed sloth C. many variations of jaguar spots D. wide variety of beetle species 2. Which is an example of the aesthetic value of a healthy ecosystem? A. a beautiful waterfall C. excess oxygen B. a wide variety of genes D. fertile topsoil 3. Which causes acid precipitation? A. acetic acid C. hydrochloric acid B. citric acid D. sulfuric acid 4. Which would be a direct effect caused by habitat fragmentation? A. box turtles separated by a road and unable to mate B. harvested trees result in less leaf litter for rich soil C. jaguars unable to find enough food in smaller forests D. waterfowl unable to breed due to a drained wetland Part B: Completion 5. Which would be a violation of the CITES treaty? A. clearing rain forests B. hunting wild turkeys C. polluting lakes D. selling tiger skins Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below. 1. A species of organism disappearing from the biosphere is called. 2. The extinction of large prehistoric mammals is an example of. 3. The excess capturing of hyacinth macaws from the wild to be sold as pets is an example of. 4. The pesticide DDT accumulating in the tissues of osprey is an example of. 5. A domestic housecat living and hunting in a meadow is an example of a(n). 6. Amending the ocean with nutrients to encourage plankton growth is an example of. 172 Biodiversity and Conservation CHAPTER 5 Unit 1

8 Chapter Test C CONTINUED Part C: Interpreting Graphs Figure 1 Use Figure 1 to respond to each statement. 1. Contrast the kilograms of oil equivalent consumption of the average industrialized nation with the average developing country. 2. Explain the potential adverse effects of the high consumption rate of the United States. 3. Infer the beneficial effects of the high consumption rate of the United States. Unit 1 CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 173

9 Chapter Test C CONTINUED Use Figure 2 to respond to each statement. 4. Contrast the extent of damage and recovery time for a fallen tree and a nuclear bomb explosion. 5. Infer why urban sprawl is a greater environmental concern than the conversion of forests to farmland. Part D: Short Answer Figure 2 1. Infer how the barrier reef off the coast of the Central American country of Belize provides an indirect economic benefit to the country. 2. Describe eutrophication. Part E: Concept Application 1. Formulate a strategy that indigenous people living in the Brazilian rain forest could use to profit from the forest while maintaining the ecosystem s biodiversity. 2. Assess the effect of the introduction of a nonnative species of tree on the biodiversity of a forest. 174 Biodiversity and Conservation CHAPTER 5 Unit 1