New Lloyd s Register Rules for Natural Gas Fuelled Ships

Transcription

1 Lloyd s Register s Gas Seminar New Lloyd s Register Rules for Natural Gas Fuelled Ships Edward Fort Global Head of Engineering Systems April 2013

2 New Rules for Natural Gas Fuelled Ships OVERVIEW

3 Our Complex World: Gas Fuelled Ships 2012 How to validate novel technology? Are there enough prescriptive requirements? How to reach the goal-based standard required?

4 Looking at what s novel in designing Gas Fuelled Ships Gas hazards Gas fuel tank location Vapor Management Bunkering

5 Considerations using LNG as fuel Fuel storage considerations include Fuel capacity Structural/cryogenic protection Tank relief, venting, drainage Vapour management LNG piping path tank Tank location Proximity to safety critical areas Tank type/design loads/motions Supporting structure/steel grades Cold Box/gas valves location Safe/Dangerous zones

6 LR Technical Committees Gas Ships Experience LR Rules for Gas Ships J I P with Clients globally 2012 Natural Gas Fuelled Ships RULES 2007 Provisional NGF Rules Gas-Fuelled Ships In Service Harmonised With Draft IGF Harmonised With New IGC

7 2012 Natural Gas Fuelled Ships Rules LR Technical Committees Gas Ships Experience LR Rules for Gas Ships J I P with Clients globally Gas-Fuelled Ships In Service 2012 Natural Gas Fuelled Ships RULES Harmonised With Draft IGF 2007 Provisional NGF Rules Harmonised With New IGC Prescriptive Guidance Risk Guidance & Hazard s List Gas hazards Gas fuel tank location Vapor Management Bunkering

8 LNG related hazards LNG Fuel Oil Asphyxiation Displacement of air will reduce oxygen content and can cause asphyxiation Pool Fire Gas/vapour above a liquid pool can ignite resulting in a pool fire Cryogenic Burns X Contact with liquid and breathing gas can cause burns with possible fatalities Low Temperature Embrittlement X Contact with liquid can cause failure of equipment and structures Rapid Phase Transition (RPT) X Released onto water creates an explosive transition with possibility of extensive damage

9 LNG related hazards LNG Fuel Oil Gas Expansion X Liquid boils rapidly expanding 600 times with the possibility of equipment damage Flash Fire X Gas/vapour can disperse away from a liquid pool and ignite resulting in a flash fire Explosion X Gas/vapour can disperse and collect in confined areas and ignite resulting in an explosion Roll-Over Stored liquid can stratify into layers with different densities and temperatures. Layers can roll-over resulting in significant gas/vapour generation that must be contained X Boil-off Gas Liquid continually boils and needs to be re-liquefied or burnt-off X

10 Gas fuel tank location hazard

11 Gas fuel tank location hazard

12 Gas fuel tank location hazard

13 Gas fuel tank location hazard

14 2012 Natural Gas Fuelled Ships Rules LR Technical Committees Gas Ships Experience LR Rules for Gas Ships J I P with Clients globally Gas-Fuelled Ships In Service 2012 Natural Gas Fuelled Ships RULES Harmonised With Draft IGF 2007 Provisional NGF Rules Harmonised With New IGC Prescriptive Guidance Risk Methodology Risk Guidance & Hazard s List Gas hazards Gas fuel tank location Vapor Management Bunkering

15 New Risk Assessment Methodology

16 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel Because the marine industry has relatively little experience with LNG as a fuel, ensuring safety relies very much on the use of Risk Assessment techniques Rules and Regulations for Classification of Ships, Part 7 Chapter 15, 1.7 Risk Management MSC 285(86) Interim Guidelines on Safety For Natural Gas Fuelled Engine Installations in It is essential that such risk assessments are Ships, Risk analysis rigorous Rules and Regulations for Classification of Natural Gas Fuelled Ships, 3.2 Safety and reliability analysis appropriate (scalable) MSC Circ.1002 Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Fire Safety, 3. Engineering analysis consistent MSC Circ.1212 Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for SOLAS Chapters II-1 and III, 3. Engineering independent analysis of design there can be no trade off between safety and sustainability

17 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES Rigorous Scalable Consistent process with relevant Rules and Regulations

18 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES High risk - Stages 1, 2, 3 & 4

19 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES Lower risk - Stages 1, 2 & 4

20 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES

21 Stage 1. Scoping Study

22 Stage 1. Scoping Study example of LNG project team For LNG as fuel Ship design LNG fuel system design LNG characteristics Ship operations Classification Rules and Regulations Statutory Regulations where Classification society surveyors/specialists support the development of solutions (consultancy) they are to be independent of those providing Classification services i.e. independent assurance

23 Stage 1. Scoping Study example of LNG related deviations Single fuel tank Low flash point (LNG) Deviations in respect of Use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as fuel - fire prevention SOLAS II-2, Part B LR Rules for Ships, Part 5 Chapter 1 reliability and availability of propulsion power SOLAS II-1, Part C LR Rules for Ships, Part 5 Chapter 1

24 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END

25 Stage 2. Concept Design HAZID

26 Stage 2. Concept Design HAZID example of LNG risk matrix

27 Stage 2. Concept Design HAZID example of LNG worksheet without risk reduction with risk reduction

28 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES

29 Stage 3. Detailed Study (s) ROPAX: Gas dispersion weather deck

30 Stage 3. Detailed Study (s) examples of LNG related studies LNG related analysis & modelling Gas Dispersion Smoke Dispersion Ship Collision Fire spread Explosion Failure Modes and Effects Equipment Reliability Dropped Object Material Stress Leak Frequency

31 Risk Assessment of Designs for LNG as Fuel START Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES

32 Stage 4. Detailed Design HAZOP

33 Stage 4. Detailed Design HAZOP example of LNG worksheet P&ID: LNG Fuel System Revision C, 15-Feb-12 Date: 10-Mar-12 Line Number: 01A Line Description: Liquid Line from Tank to Evaporator Guideword / Parameter Causes Consequences Existing Safeguards Considerations / Actions No flow Auto valve stuck closed More Flow Manual valve closed Cccc Pressure build-up in line Line rupture... A. Flow meter with reading at control station B. Bbbb C. Cccc D. Dddd Requirements in respect of operational procedures to be considered by Flag during ISM survey? 1. Flow meter with audible alarm 2. Pressure instrument with alarm 3. Pre-op of check in MV included in Ops Manual 4. Planned maintenance of auto valve Responsible Requirements in respect of John Smith maintenance and inspection procedures 24-Mar-12 to be considered by Class during periodic survey?

34 Applying the Risk Methodology, STAR T Stage 1 Scoping Study Stage 2 Concept Design HAZID acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 Detailed Study(s) Stage 4 Detailed Design HAZOP END YES all Gas Fuelled Designs can be considered

35 For more information, please contact: Edward Fort BSc CEng FIMarEST Global Head of Engineering Systems Lloyd s Register Group Limited 71 Fenchurch Street London, EC3M 4BS T +44 (0) E ed.fort@lr.org w Lloyd s Lloyd s Register Register is is a a trading trading name name of of the the Lloyd s Lloyd s Register Register Group Group of of entities. entities. Services Services are are provided provided by by members members of of the the Lloyd's Lloyd's Register Register Group. Group. For For further further information information visit visit