RJ van Wijk. CG van Ginkel BIODEGRADABILITY OF CHLORINATED N-ALKANES C (50%) (SCCP); CLOSED BOTTLE TEST METHOD
|
|
- Prosper Randall
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 To From RJ van Wijk CG van Ginkel Date Doc no Subject BIODEGRADABILITY OF CHLORINATED N-ALKANES C (50%) (SCCP); CLOSED BOTTLE TEST METHOD This report is a corrected version of report which contained mistakes. The ThOD of chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) which is used to calculate the biodegradation percentages is 1.57 mg/mg, instead of the incorrect 1.36 mg/mg which was used in the previous report. Consequently, all biodegradation percentages of the previous report become a factor of 0.87 lower (see Table and Figure). In addition, the biodegradation results obtained with river water and sludge as inocula as presented in the Table of the previous report were exchanged. As a consequence, the degradation percentage with sludge and Agnique at day 28 is now 37% and 55% at day 42 when the test was terminated erroneously assuming that 60% was reached. The test using river water as inoculum applied with Agnique now has 63% in 28 days. The main conclusion of the previous report, i.e. the classification of chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) as readily biodegradable (biodegradation percentage higher than 60%) is still valid based on the river water results. Introduction Biodegradation of an organic chemical refers to the reduction in complexity of the chemical through metabolic activity of microorganisms. Under aerobic conditions, microorganisms convert organic substances in carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) are poorly water soluble chlorinated alkanes (C 10 -C 13 ). Determination of the biodegradability of water insoluble substances with OECD 301 series and 310 tests (ready biodegradability test) is a major problem. The incentive of this investigation is to determine the conditions in the (prolonged) Closed Bottle test to obtain a biodegradation result in a ready biodegradability test which is a reliable predictor of the environmental fate. The Closed Bottle test is considered the most promising test for poorly water-soluble compounds because of the low intial test substance concentration. The Closed Bottle tests were performed according to EU, OECD and ISO Test Guidelines (OECD, 1992). The tests were modified to permit measurements after day 28 (van Ginkel and Stroo, 1992). Prolongation (enhanced 1 The SCCP Biodegradability study was sponsored by the Euro Chlor Chlorinated Paraffin Sector Group. While the report is being provided for review by POPRC, this submission is not intended in any way to relinquish ownership rights to the full study report. This report is likely to be used for regulatory purposes, such as REACH registration
2 2 biodegradability testing) may be used to demonstrate non persistence of a substance. The methods used in this study to increase the bioavailability in the test have been described (ISO, 1995; van Ginkel et al, 2008).
3 3 Materials and methods Materials A sample of the test material was received from Ineos Chlor Limited. The following test substance data were submitted by the sponsor. Chemical name chlorinated n-alkanes C10-13 Product name Cereclor 50LV Chlorine content 49.75% (annex) CAS no Purity 100% The concentrations cited in this report refer to the as-received sample of SCCP. Silicone oil AR 20 was purchased from Fluka Chemika, Buchs, Switzerland. The polyalkoxylate alkylphenol (Agnique BP NP 1530) was obtained from Cognis Corp. Cincinatti Oh, US. All chemicals used were of reagent grade. Inoculum Secondary activated sludge was obtained from the wastewater treatment plant Nieuwgraaf in Duiven, The Netherlands. This plant is an activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater. The activated sludge was preconditioned to reduce the endogenous respiration rates. To this end, 400 mg Dry Weight (DW)/L of activated sludge was aerated for one week. The sludge was diluted in the BOD bottles (van Ginkel and Stroo, 1992). River water was sampled from the Rhine near Heveadorp, The Netherlands. River water was aerated for 7 days before use and particles were removed by sedimentation. Test procedures The Closed Bottle test was performed according to Test Guidelines (OECD 1992). The nutrient medium of the Closed Bottle test contained per liter of deionized water: 8.5 mg KH 2 PO 4, mg K 2 HPO 4, 33.4 mg Na 2 HPO 4 2H 2 O, 22.5 mg MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 27.5 mg CaCl 2, 0.25 mg FeCl 3 6H 2 O. Ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent nitrification. The methods to administrate poorly water-soluble substances and to possibly improve the bioavailability have been described by van Ginkel et al (2008). SCCPs are poorly soluble substances in water and therefore the test substance was first dissolved in dichloromethane (1 g/l). The test substance in dichloromethane (0.6 ml) was added to the bottles. The solvent was allowed to evaporate overnight from the bottles using a roller plate to obtain an even distribution of the test substance on the walls of the bottles. SCCP was also dissolved in silicone oil AR 20 at a concentration of 1.0 g/l. The test substance in oil (0.6 ml) was directly added to the bottles. A stock suspension of SCCP (1.0 g/l) and the polyalkoxylate alkylphenol was prepared by ultrasonic dispersion at 200 W for 5 minutes using a Vibra-cell. This suspension (0.6 ml) was added to the bottles. The tests were performed in 0.3 L BOD (biological oxygen demand) bottles with glass stoppers. Use was made of 3 bottles containing only inoculum, and 3 bottles containing inoculum and test substance administered using the various stocks. The activated sludge was diluted to 2 mg DW/L in the mineral salts medium and the river water was used undiluted spiked with mineral salts. Each of the prepared solutions was dispensed into the respective group of BOD bottles so that all bottles were completely filled without air bubbles. The bottles were closed while mixing. The bottles containing a magnetic bar were closed and incubated in the dark on magnetic stirrer plates (600 rpm). The biodegradation
4 4 was measured by following the course of the oxygen decrease in the bottles with a special funnel. This funnel fitted exactly in the BOD bottle. Subsequently, the oxygen electrode was inserted in the BOD bottle to measure the oxygen concentration. The medium dissipated by the electrode was collected in the funnel. After withdrawal of the oxygen electrode the medium collected flowed back into the BOD bottle, followed by removal of the funnel and closing of the BOD bottle (van Ginkel and Stroo 1992). Analyses The dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined electrochemically using an oxygen electrode (WTW Trioxmatic EO 200) and meter (WTW OXI 530) (Retsch, Ochten, The Netherlands). The ph was measured using a Knick 765 calimatic ph meter (Elektronische Messgerate GmbH, Berlin, Germany). The temperature was measured and recorded with a thermo couple connected to a data logger. The dry weight (DW) of the inoculum was determined by filtrating 50 ml of the activated sludge over a preweighed 12 m Schleicher and Schüll filter (Darmstadt, Germany). This filter was dried for 1.5 hours at 104 C and weighed after cooling. DW was calculated by subtracting the weighed filters and by dividing this difference by the filtered volume. Calculation of the results The ThOD of SCCP was calculated from its molecular formula and molecular weight as follows (2C ( H Cl 3N) 3S 2 P Na O) ThOD NH 3 ( mgo2 / mg) MW Provided that the oxygen concentrations in all bottles at the start of the test were equal, the amounts of oxygen consumed in the bottles were calculated as follows: Oxygen consumption n (mg/l) = M c - M t M t = the mean oxygen concentration in the bottles containing the test compound M c = and inoculated with activated sludge n-days after the start of the test. the mean oxygen level in the control bottle inoculated with activated sludge n days after the start of the test. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) mg/mg of the test compound was calculated by dividing the oxygen consumption by the concentration of the test substance in the closed bottle. The biodegradation was calculated as the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).
5 5 Results and discussion Test conditions Inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum by the test substance was not detected (data not shown). As a consequence, inhibition of the biodegradation due to the "high" initial concentration of the test substance is not expected. The ph of the media with activated sludge was 7.0 at the start of the test. The ph of this medium at day 28 was 7.0 ±0.2. The ph of the river water at day 0 was 8.0. At day 28 the ph of these tests ranged from 7.9 to 8.2. Temperatures ranged from 22 to 24 C. The validity of the test is demonstrated by oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/l in all bottles during the test period. Biodegradability The calculated theoretical oxygen demand of chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) is 1.57 mg/mg. The results obtained in the Closed Bottle tests obtained with chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) are summarized in the Table. The results obtained with sludge and river water used as inocula are comparable. Biodegradation percentages in close to 60 at day 42 and in excess of 60% at day 28 were obtained using the test substance emulsified with a polyalkoxylate alkylphenol (Agnique). Chlorinated n- alkanes C (50%) was biodegraded 63% at day 28 in the Closed Bottle test inoculated with river water (Figure and Table). The biodegradation rate found in the Closed Bottle test inoculated with activated sludge was slow compared to the rate in the test inoculated with river water. Nonetheless, almost 60% i.e. 55% biodegradation was reached at day 42. Based on the Closed Bottle test inoculated with river water and administration of the test substance with a surfactant, chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) should be classified as readily biodegradable. The biodegradation percentage in excess of 60% indicates that chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) is ultimately biodegradable. References CG van Ginkel, CA Stroo (1992) Simple method to prolong the Closed Bottle test for the determination of the inherent biodegradability. Ecotox Environ Saf CG van Ginkel, C Gancet, M Hirschen, M Galobardes, J Rosenblom (2008) Improving ready biodegradability testing of fatty amine derivatives. Chemosphere ISO (1995) Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aueous medium Madeley JR and Pearson CR (1980) Chlorinated parafins and the environment 2. aquatic and avian toxicology. Environ Sci Technol OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals, Degradation and accumulation, No. 301: Ready biodegradability (1992) Paris Cedex France.
6 6 Table Summary of results obtained with chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) in Closed Bottle tests. Method (initial concentration) <inoculum> Biodegradation (%) at Day 28 Last day of test between brackets Administration with DCM (2.0 mg/l) <sludge> (56) Silicone oil (2.0 mg/l) <sludge> 6 22 (56) Suspension with surfactant (Agnique) (2.0 mg/l) < sludge> (42) Administration with DCM (2.0 mg/l) <river (56) water> Silicone oil (2.0 mg/l) <river water> 9 33 (56) Suspension with surfactant (Agnique) (2.0 mg/l) <river water> (42)
7 Biodegradati on (%) Time (days) Figure Percentage of biodegradation of chlorinated n-alkanes C (50%) versus time in a Closed Bottle test inoculated with river water. The test substance was added as an emulsion prepared with Agnique.
8 8 Annex
Harlan Study Number: ASSESSMENT OF READY BIODEGRADABILITY; CO 2 EVOLUTION TEST
Harlan Study Number: 41204884 ASSESSMENT OF READY BIODEGRADABILITY; CO 2 EVOLUTION TEST 1. INTRODUCTION At the request of the Sponsor, Medichem International (Marketing) Ltd, the following study was undertaken
More informationBiodegradability (ready)
Section A7.1.1.2.1-01 Biodegradability (ready) Annex Point IIA VII.7.6.1.1 Conclusion Applicant s version is considered acceptable noting the following: 5.3: The applicant states that the toxicity control
More informationRespirometric BOD 5 determination of waste water polluted with organic or inorganic toxins or inhibitors. OxiTop pressure measuring heads
Application report Respirometric BOD 5 determination of waste water polluted with organic or inorganic toxins or inhibitors Foreword By reason of their origin, some wastewater can be polluted with both
More informationWhen this process occurs in water, the oxygen consumed is dissolved oxygen.
Theory: BOD is Biochemical Oxygen Demand Referred to as a standardized laboratory procedure used to determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters, effluents and polluted water. It is a measures
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Water quality Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria Part 1: General test
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13641-1 First edition 2003-05-15 Water quality Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria Part 1: General test Qualité de l'eau Détermination de l'inhibition
More informationBOD/CBOD, TSS ph OPERATOR BASICS. Presented by: Marcy Bolek - Alloway
BOD/CBOD, TSS ph OPERATOR BASICS Presented by: Marcy Bolek - Alloway CONTENTS BOD/CBOD ANALYSIS TSS ANALYSIS ph ANALYSIS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) mg/l oxygen bacteria use to oxidize organic matter
More informationBOD. Application report. Supervision of BOD measuring systems according to DIN/ISO 9000 and GLP. AR_BOD_system supervision _lab_01_e.
Application report Supervision of BOD measuring systems according to DIN/ISO 9000 and GLP Foreword The microbiological decomposition process is one of the most important processes in the wastewater and
More informationChapter 4: Advanced Wastewater Treatment for Phosphorous Removal
ENGI 9605 Advanced Wastewater Treatment Chapter 4: Advanced Wastewater Treatment for Phosphorous Removal Winter 2011 Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science 4.1 Phosphorous in wastewaters 1. Common forms
More informationEnviTreat Laboratory Examples of Studies
OUR, mg/l-hr EnviTreat Laboratory Examples of Studies Oxygen Uptake Rate Fingerprints Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) fingerprints can reveal a great amount of detail about the manner in which treatment plants
More informationModule 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content. Lecture 13 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content
1 P age Module 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content Lecture 13 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content 2 P age 11.1 Surface Water Quality: Rivers and Streams Surface water is
More informationExamples of Studies conducted by
Examples of Studies conducted by Page Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) Fingerprints 1 Toxicity Assessment Using a Dilution Series 4 Assessment of Acute Toxicity to Treatment Plants 5 Biodegradation Tests for Wastewater
More informationCEE 311 Environmental Engineering I Fall 2015 Dr. Jagadish Torlapati BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
CEE 311 Environmental Engineering I Fall 2015 Dr. Jagadish Torlapati BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) Objectives: samples. To measure the Biochemical Oxygen Demand of given wastewater Sample Source: Rowan
More informationStevens Ecology. Project Report. Biodegradation and Ecotoxicity testing of Strancore by OECD 302B, and OECD 202 Protocols.
Stevens Ecology Project Report August 10, 2010 PREPARED FOR: The Grignard Company Rahway, NJ PROJECT NUMBER: 2930 REV 1 OFFICE 1710 State Road Mosier, OR 97040 USA VOICE (541) 478-0594 (866) 942-7601 Biodegradation
More informationWastewater Treatment Processes
Wastewater Treatment Processes (Sep 27 th and 28 th, 2016) by Dr. Arun Kumar (arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in) Objective: To learn about processes used in tertiary treatment Courtesy: Dr. Irene Xagoraraki, MSU,
More informationFate, Transport and Transformation Test Guidelines OPPTS Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation
United States Environmental Protection Agency Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7101) EPA 712 C 98 075 January 1998 Fate, Transport and Transformation Test Guidelines OPPTS 835.3100 Aerobic
More informationEffect of the start-up length on the biological nutrient removal process
Water Pollution IX 521 Effect of the start-up length on the biological nutrient removal process F. J. Fernández 1, J. Villaseñor 1 & L. Rodríguez 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University
More informationBiodegradation Test of Chemical Substances
Biodegradation Test of Chemical Substances I. Scope of application A standard method for the biodegradation test of chemical substances is described as follows. II. Terms The terms used in this test method
More informationBiodegradability Assessment of Bio- flocculant via Anaerobic and Aerobic Test
211 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology and Food Science IPCBEE vol.7 (211) (211) IACSIT Press, Singapore Biodegradability Assessment of Bio- flocculant via Anaerobic and Aerobic Test Norli,
More informationAssoc. Prof. Kozet YAPSAKLI
Assoc. Prof. Kozet YAPSAKLI What is BOD? Biochemical Oxygen Demand It is just what it sounds like, it is the oxygen required by biochemical processes. What is BOD? In the presence of free oxygen, aerobic
More informationLong Term Treatment and Disposal of Landfill Leachate. Debra R. Reinhart Nicole Berge Eyad Batarseh University of Central Florida
Long Term Treatment and Disposal of Landfill Leachate Debra R. Reinhart Nicole Berge Eyad Batarseh University of Central Florida Presentation Brief introduction Debra Reinhart In Situ Nitrification/Denitrification
More informationENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT. Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico
ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT 1 Concentration in Environment Chemical concentration is one of the most important determinants in almost all aspects of chemical fate, transport, and treatment in both natural
More informationTC NES SUBGROUP ON IDENTIFICATION OF PBT AND VPVP SUBSTANCES RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE PBT/VPVB PROPERTIES OF:
TC NES SUBGROUP ON IDENTIFICATION OF PBT AND VPVP SUBSTANCES RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE PBT/VPVB PROPERTIES OF: Substance name: α, α, α, 4-tetrachlorotoluene EC number: 226-009-1 CAS number: 5216-25-1
More informationWASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes. The liquid portion-wastewater-is essentially the water supply of the community after it has been fouled by a variety of uses.
More informationTotal Dissolved Solids
Total Dissolved Solids LabQuest 12 INTRODUCTION Solids are found in streams in two forms, suspended and dissolved. Suspended solids include silt, stirred-up bottom sediment, decaying plant matter, or sewage-treatment
More informationANAEROBIC MEDIUM FOR DESULFITOBACTERIUM. STOCK SOLUTIONS Modified from DSMZ Medium 720
Desulfitobacterium sp. is a strict anaerobic bacterium. For culturing this species (and also for another anaerobic microorganisms), you have to maintain Oxygen free conditions during cultivation. The main
More informationRationalizing the system of evaluating new chemical substances
Rationalizing the system of evaluating new chemical substances 21 st and 22 nd November 2018 Safety Assessment Division Chemical Management Center 2018 4th KCMA - NITE Periodical Meeting based on MOU,
More informationTHE BIODEGRADABILITY AND NONTOXICITY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (DS 0.7) AND INTERMEDIATES
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 270 274, 19 19 SETAC Printed in the USA 0730-7268/ $6.00.00 THE BIODEGRADABILITY AND NONTOXICITY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (DS 0.7) AND INTERMEDIATES
More informationCOD. Environmental Chemistry Chemical Oxygen Demand A Conventional Perspective Lecture 8
Environmental Chemistry Chemical Oxygen Demand A Conventional Perspective Lecture 8 COD ZAINI UJANG Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Presentation Menu
More information(Refer Slide Time: 03:48)
Water and Wastewater Engineering Dr. Ligy Philip Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture - 5 Water and Wastewater Characteristics Last class we were discussing about
More informationEvaluation copy. Total Dissolved Solids. Computer INTRODUCTION
Total Dissolved Solids Computer 12 INTRODUCTION Solids are found in streams in two forms, suspended and dissolved. Suspended solids include silt, stirred-up bottom sediment, decaying plant matter, or sewage-treatment
More information6 Biodegradability test
6 Biodegradability test 6.1 Soil burial and compost conditions Biodegradation occurs with enzymatic action and involves living organisms (micro/macro). Molecular degradation is promoted by enzymes and
More informationBS EN ISO 14851:2004 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 to BS ISO 14851:1999 (renumbers the BS ISO as BS EN ISO 14851:2004) BRITISH STANDARD
BRITISH STANDARD Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer The European Standard has
More informationUse of calcined dolomite as chemical coagulant in the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus
Use of calcined dolomite as chemical coagulant in the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management PhD Janne Pesonen Research Unit
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14851 First edition 1999-05-15 Corrected version 2003-07-15 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by measuring
More informationCharacterisation and biological treatability of Izmit industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plant wastewaters
Characterisation and biological treatability of Izmit industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plant wastewaters Ayla Arslan*, Savas Ayberk University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering,
More informationAuburn University Department of Civil Engineering Introduction to Environmental Engineering CIVL Laboratory #6 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Auburn University Department of Civil Engineering Introduction to Environmental Engineering CIVL 3230-004 Laboratory #6 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Experiment Performed by: Anna Breland Sam Broder Jenny
More informationTREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTE WATER BY MORINGA OLEIFERA AS NATURAL COAGULANT
. TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTE WATER BY MORINGA OLEIFERA AS NATURAL COAGULANT Neethu.P 1, Navami.D 2, Anitha.K 3 1 P.G Student, Environmental Engineering, MCET, Kerala, India 2 P.G Student, Environmental Engineering,
More informationC. 10. BIODEGRADATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SIMULATION TESTS
C. 10. BIODEGRADATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE SIMULATION TESTS may exist between this version and the one agreed and published in the paper edition of the In case of doubt the reader is advised to consult the
More informationHydrology and Water Quality. Water. Water 9/13/2016. Molecular Water a great solvent. Molecular Water
Hydrology and Water Quality Water Molecular Water Exists as an equilibrium But equilibrium altered by what is dissolved in it Water Molecular Water a great solvent In reality, water in the environment
More informationPHA Grades P5001 and F5003
Biodegradation and Toxicity of Materials in the Marine Environment Supplied by Mirel Plastics Through Respirometry Experimentation According to ASTM D6691 and Polytox Toxicity Testing PHA Grades P5001
More informationApplication Notes for COD Analysis DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) IN WATER AND WASTE WATER.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) IN WATER AND WASTE WATER. INTRODUCTION The chemical oxygen demand can be considered as an approximate measurement of the theoretical oxygen consumption, i.e.,
More informationHydrology and Water Quality. Water. Water 9/11/2018. Molecular Water a great solvent. Molecular Water
Hydrology and Water Quality Water Molecular Water Exists as an equilibrium But equilibrium altered by what is dissolved in it Water Molecular Water a great solvent In reality, water in the environment
More informationTDS AND SLUDGE GENERATION IMPACTS FROM USE OF CHEMICALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
TDS AND SLUDGE GENERATION IMPACTS FROM USE OF CHEMICALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT ABSTRACT Jurek Patoczka, PhD, PE Hatch Mott MacDonald 27 Bleeker Str., Millburn, NJ 07041 jurek.patoczka@hatchmott.com The
More informationCuvette Test LCK 555 BOD 5 /BOD [n]
NB: NEW! The actual edition date is given with the procedure or evaluation. See also under Note (below). Cuvette Test Principle Determination of 5/[n]-day biochemical oxygen demand ( ) with inhibition
More informationBiodegradability of Decon Shield
21st Century Global Solutions PO Box 432 Salamander Bay 2316 NSW Prepared By Cetec Pty Ltd, and Unit 2, 27 Normanby Road Clayton North Victoria 3168 (03) 9544 9111 1 E XECUTIVE S UMMARY Decon Shield has
More informationOxygen Demand, Biochemical
, 8043 Dilution Method 1 DOC316.53.01200 Method 8043 Scope and Application: For water and wastewater. 1 Adapted from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and from Klein, R.L.; Gibbs,
More informationCuvette Test LCK 555 BOD 5 /BOD [n]
Cuvette Test Principle Determination of 5/[n]-day biochemical oxygen demand ( ) with inhibition of nitrification by 5 mg/l allylthiourea. The dissolved oxygen is analysed in an alkaline solution with a
More informationImprovementoftheWastewaterBiodegradabilitybyMeansofPhotocatalytic andwetoxidationprocessesinthepresenceofhydrogenperoxide
N. GENÇ et al., Improvement of the Wastewater Biodegradability by Means of, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 19 (4) 391 396 (2005) 391 ImprovementoftheWastewaterBiodegradabilitybyMeansofPhotocatalytic andwetoxidationprocessesinthepresenceofhydrogenperoxide
More informationOxygen Demand, Chemical
, TNTplus 823, 10212 DOC316.53.01104 USEPA Reactor Digestion Method Method 10212 UHR (250 15,000 mg/l COD) TNTplus 823 Scope and Application: For wastewater and process waters; digestion is required Test
More informationFINAL REPORT DRA-8. Marine aerobic biodegradation test of NuPlastiQ GP 1000
FINAL REPORT DRA-8 Marine aerobic biodegradation test of NuPlastiQ GP 1000 Author: Lynn Serbruyns Sponsor: BiologiQ, Inc. 2400 East 25 th St Idaho Falls ID 83404 UNITED STATES OWS nv Dok-Noord 5, 9000
More informationOxygen Demand, Chemical
, TNTplus 820, 10211 DOC316.53.01103 USEPA Reactor Digestion Method Method 10211 ULR (1 60 mg/l COD) TNTplus 820 Scope and Application: For wastewater, process water, surface water, and cooling water;
More informationModule 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content. Lecture 14 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content
1 P age Module 11 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content Lecture 14 : Water Quality And Estimation Of Organic Content 2 P age 11.3.2 BOD Model It is generally assumed that the rate at which
More informationBasic knowledge of Wastewater
Basic knowledge of Wastewater Wastewater What is wastewater! The used water and solids from our activities such as washing, bathing and from industrial uses such as cleaning raw material. The characteristics
More informationHAZARD ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS WITH RESPECT TO THE ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW AND SELECTED ASPECTS
HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS WITH RESPECT TO THE ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW AND SELECTED ASPECTS Dr. Kerstin Hund-Rinke OUTLINE Introduction Overview on testing Selected aspects Test concentrations Illumination
More informationSCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY, ECOTOXICITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (CSTEE)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate C - Public Health and Risk Assessment C7 - Risk assessment Brussels, C7/GF/csteeop/edta-env/100903 D(03) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS IN ROMANIA IN THE LAST 30 YEARS: CASE STUDY RÂMNICU VÂLCEA
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS IN ROMANIA IN THE LAST 30 YEARS: CASE STUDY RÂMNICU VÂLCEA L. BOTEA 1 ABSTRACT. The evolution of the sewage treatment process in Romania in the last 30 years:
More informationContinuous bioremediation of phenol polluted air in an external loop airlift bioreactor with packed bed Hossein Nikakhtari 1 and Gordon A.
CONTINUOUS BIOREMEDIATION OF PHENOL POLLUTED AIR IN AN EXTERNAL LOOP AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR 211 Continuous bioremediation of phenol polluted air in an external loop airlift bioreactor with packed bed Hossein
More informationBrussels, XXX [ ](2016) XXX draft. establishing the EU Ecolabel criteria for lubricants. (Text with EEA relevance)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX [ ](2016) XXX draft COMMISSION DECISION of XXX establishing the EU Ecolabel criteria for lubricants (Text with EEA relevance) EN EN COMMISSION DECISION of XXX establishing
More informationBy Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document
By Authority Of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Legally Binding Document By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code 552(a) and Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached document has
More informationWATER QUALITY ENGINEERING
WATER QUALITY ENGINEERING Zerihun Alemayehu (AAiT-CED) Water Quality Management The control of pollution from human activities so that the water is not degraded to the point that it is no longer suitable
More information3.0 DETECTION LIMIT 3.1. See Procedure ALQAP Procedure for the Determination of Uncertainty
1.0 IDENTIFICATION 1.1. SM 2540D Total Suspended Solids dried at 103-105 C. 2.0 APPLICABLE MATRIX 2.1. Drinking Water 3.0 DETECTION LIMIT 3.1. See Procedure ALQAP 011 - Procedure for the Determination
More informationThe emamoc (electrolytic methanogenicmethanotrophic FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
The emamoc (electrolytic methanogenicmethanotrophic coupling) SYSTEM : A TOOL FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS Boris Tartakovsky, Ruxandra Cimpoia, Michelle-France Manuel, Marie-Josée Lévesque,
More informationCuvette Test LCK 555 BOD 5 /BOD [n]
NB: NEW! The actual edition date is given with the procedure or evaluation. See also under Note (below). Cuvette Test Principle Determination of 5/[n]-day biochemical oxygen demand ( ) with inhibition
More informationREMOVAL OF KYANIDES FROM MODEL WATERS
REMOVAL OF KYANIDES FROM MODEL WATERS Jana Muselíková 1), Jíří Palarčík 1), Eva Slehová 1), Zuzana Blažková 1), Vojtěch Trousil 1), Sylva Janovská 2) 1) Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,
More informationYield determination by respirometry - The possible influence of storage under aerobic conditions in activated sludge
Yield determination by respirometry - The possible influence of storage under aerobic conditions in activated sludge Klaus Dircks, Peter F Pind, Hans Mosbæk and Mogens Henze* Department of Environmental
More informationOXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry
Experiment No. Date OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry INTRODUCTION Potassium permanganate, KMnO, is probably the most widely used of all volumetric oxidizing agents. It is a powerful oxidant
More informationResearch Article Comparison Study of Different BOD Tests in the Determination of BOD 7 Evaluated in a Model Domestic Sewage
Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry Volume 007, Article ID 976, 4 pages doi:0.55/007/976 Research Article Comparison Study of Different BOD Tests in the Determination of BOD 7 Evaluated in a
More informationBOD/CBOD Seeding 101. Jeff Wasson SHL Lab Symposium September 28, Iowa s Environmental & Public Health Laboratory
BOD/CBOD ing 101 Jeff Wasson SHL Lab Symposium September 28, 2017 Iowa s Environmental & Public Health Laboratory Why Do We Need to It is necessary to have present in each BOD bottle a population of microorganisms
More informationSafety data sheet Densotan* A Revision date : 2005/09/27 Page: 1/5
Revision date : 2005/09/27 Page: 1/5 1. Substance/preparation and company identification Company BASF Canada 100 Milverton Drive, 5th Floor Mississauga, ON L5R 4H1 24 Hour Emergency Response Information
More informationWastewater Terms for Permit Applications
Wastewater Terms for Permit Applications Activated Sludge Alkalinity Anaerobic Anoxic Bacteria The term "activated sludge" refers to a brownish flocculent culture of organisms developed in aeration tanks
More informationSOP-C-101 Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
i. Identification of the method a. Standard Methods latest online edition 5210 B (approved 2011). ii. Applicable matrix or matrices a. liquid samples- primarily wastewater, effluents, polluted waters,
More informationJSTSE : PREVIOUS YEARS
JSTSE : PREVIOUS YEARS CHEMISTRY (2014) 91. In paints dispersed phase and dispersion medium are (1) solid and liquid (2) liquid and solid (3) liquid and liquid (4) gas and liquid 92. Which statement is
More informationWastewater Pollutants & Treatment Processes. Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering
Wastewater Pollutants & Treatment Processes Dr. Deniz AKGÜL Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Wastewater combination of the liquid or water carried wastes removed from residences,
More informationTITANIUM DIOXIDE. SYNONYMS Titania; CI Pigment white 6; CI (1975) No ; INS No. 171 DEFINITION DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL USES CHARACTERISTICS
TITANIUM DIOXIDE Prepared at the 71 st JECFA (2009) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 7 (2009), superseding specifications prepared at the 67 th JECFA (2006) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 3
More informationMethod (0.1 to 8.0 mg/l Cu) TNTplus 860
Chlorine, Total, Bulk Powder, 8167 DOC316.53.01255 Bathocuproine Method 1 Method 10238 (0.1 to 8.0 mg/l Cu) TNTplus 860 Scope and Application: For water, wastewater and process water. Digestion may be
More informationBio-solar purification : A new process to treat domestic wastewater and to turn water and wastes in a safe reusable form
Bio-solar purification : A new process to treat domestic wastewater and to turn water and wastes in a safe reusable form www.heliopure.com Camille URBAN R&D Engineer Water, unsuspected real needs 5,000
More informationEnvironmental Express. Joe Boyd. Solids and BOD Analyses: Pitfalls and Troubleshooting
Environmental Express Joe Boyd Solids and BOD Analyses: Pitfalls and Troubleshooting Solids Analysis Total Dissolved Solids SM 2540C, ASTM D5907-03, USGS I-1750-85 Total Suspended Solids SM 2540D, USGS
More informationSUMMARY OF STANDARDS FOR WATER ANALYSIS ON COURSE WAT-E2120 SPRING 2017
SUMMARY OF STANDARDS FOR WATER ANALYSIS ON COURSE WAT-E2120 SPRING 2017 - electrical conductivity - turbidity - NPOC - color - COD Mn - UV-absorbance - bacteria - total iron Edited by Aino 1 Determination
More informationReduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Metalworking Fluid Wastewater by Electrochemical Oxidation
1 Reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Metalworking Fluid Wastewater by Electrochemical Oxidation J. M. Burke STLE Houghton International A. Petlyuk, PhD STLE Houghton International
More informationppm Dissolved Oxygen Measurement
ppm Dissolved Oxygen Measurement INTRODUCTION Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) levels are used as a general indicator of water quality. Oxygen is essential to life and vital for countless aquatic forms. D.O. level
More informationHow to bring your registration dossier in compliance with REACH Tips and Hints (Part 3)
How to bring your registration dossier in compliance with REACH Tips and Hints (Part 3) Biodegradation 14th May 2013 Jari Heinonen, Anu Kapanen and Benoit Dilhac European Chemicals Agency ECHA Guidance
More informationCIE4485 Laboratory Experiment: N Removal. CIE4485 Wastewater Treatment
CIE4485 Laboratory Experiment: N Removal Course: CIE4485 Wastewater Treatment Authors/editors: J. de Koning, T. Schuijt, M. de Kreuk, P. Andeweg Version: November 2011 Lab Removal Course CT 4485 Wastewater
More informationUnit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering
Unit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering T J Casey AQUAVARRA RESEARCH LIMITED 22A Brookfield Avenue Blackrock Co. Dublin. October 2006 Author s Note Water and wastewater treatment technology
More informationLecture 4 Water Quality Monitoring: Collection of water samples & estimation of physical parameters
Lecture 4 Water Quality Monitoring: Collection of water samples & estimation of physical parameters WATER QUALITY MONITORING It is essential for devising water quality management programme to properly
More informationFundamental Concepts: Overview of Water Quality
Fundamental Concepts: Overview of Water Quality Ann Kenimer Texas A & M University University Curriculum Development for Decentralized Wastewater Management NDWRCDP Disclaimer This work was supported by
More informationTreating domestic effluent wastewater treatment by aerobic biofilter with bioballs medium
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Treating domestic effluent wastewater treatment by aerobic biofilter with bioballs medium To cite this article: R Permatasari et
More informationChemical Substance Control Law; CSCL Japan
Gestión global de la seguridad de productos químicos. Se aplica REACH globalment? 2 de Febrero 2018, ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones Chemical Substance Control Law; CSCL Japan Takahiro Suzuki Product
More informationWaste water treatment Biological treatment
Leonardo da Vinci Project Sustainability in commercial laundering processes Module 1 Usage of Water Chapter 5 Waste water treatment Biological treatment Module 1 Usage of water Chapter 5 Waste Water Treatment
More informationCLASSI ICATION OF MAT R AND HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
Experiment 3 Name: CLASSI ICATION OF MAT R AND HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES Classification of Matter A pure substance is matter with definite and constant composition with distinct chemical properties.
More informationENGI Environmental Laboratory. Lab #2. Solids Determination. Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science
ENGI 9628 Environmental Laboratory Lab #2 Solids Determination Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science SOLIDS DETERMINATION PURPOSE Using Standard Methods for solids determination. THEORY Total solids
More informationCEL212 Environmental Engineering
Page 1 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi CEL212 Environmental Engineering Second Semester 2012-13 (Dr. Arun Kumar; arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in) Laboratory 7: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical
More informationDimethylglyoxime Method Method to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856
, TNTplus856, 10220 DOC316.53.01065 Dimethylglyoxime Method Method 10220 0.1 to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856 Scope and Application: For Water and Wastewater Test preparation Before starting the test: DR 2800:
More informationMeeting SB1 Requirements and TP Removal Fundamentals
Meeting SB1 Requirements and TP Removal Fundamentals June 5, 2017 Agenda SB1 requirements for P TP removal mechanisms Biological removal Chemical removal SB No. 1 Requirements for Phosphorus ** WWTP /
More informationBrussels, XXX [ ](2016) XXX draft. establishing the EU Ecolabel criteria for lubricants. (Text with EEA relevance)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX [ ](2016) XXX draft COMMISSION DECISION of XXX establishing the EU Ecolabel criteria for lubricants (Text with EEA relevance) EN EN COMMISSION DECISION of XXX establishing
More informationBASICS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
BASICS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT Knowing the decisioning criteria relevant to site and drain field suitability, i.e., soil properties, can be enhanced by an understanding of some of the basics of wastewater
More informationASSESSMENT OF LEATHER AND LEATHER SUBSTITUTE WASTE BIODEGRADABILITY UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS IN LIQUID ENVIRONMENT
ICAMS 2014 5 th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems ASSESSMENT OF LEATHER AND LEATHER SUBSTITUTE WASTE BIODEGRADABILITY UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS IN LIQUID ENVIRONMENT MIRELA PANTAZI,
More informationActivated Sludge Processes
Activated ludge Processes CE - 370 1 Introduction Basic processes and operations in wastewater treatment Primary treatment: creens, grit removal, and primary sedimentation. econdary treatment: Aeration
More informationApplication of MBR for the treatment of textile wastewater
Application of MBR for the treatment of textile wastewater P. Damala, E. Katsou, J. Novakovic, K. Chatzikonstantinou, G. Karathanasi, A. Patsia, S. Malamis International Conference on Industrial Waste
More informationComparison Study of Manometric Respirometric Test and Common Chemical Methods in the Determination of BOD 7 in a Pulp and Paper Mill s Wastewaters
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry Volume 2006, Article ID 90384, Pages 1 5 DOI 10.1155/JAMMC/2006/90384 Comparison Study of Manometric Respirometric
More informationBiochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical Oxygen Demand Computer 20 Oxygen available to aquatic organisms is found in the form of dissolved oxygen. Oxygen gas is dissolved in a stream through aeration, diffusion from the atmosphere,
More information