Sib FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WIS FIG 13/3 LUMBER USE TRENDS IN MOBILE HOME CONSTRUCTION.(U) 1977 H E DICKERHOOF LJPJCLASSIFILD FSRN FPL U237 NL

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sib FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WIS FIG 13/3 LUMBER USE TRENDS IN MOBILE HOME CONSTRUCTION.(U) 1977 H E DICKERHOOF LJPJCLASSIFILD FSRN FPL U237 NL"

Transcription

1 Sib FOREST PRODUCTS LAB MADISON WIS FIG 13/3 LUMBER USE TRENDS IN MOBILE HOME CONSTRUCTION.(U) 1977 H E DICKERHOOF LJPJCLASSIFILD FSRN FPL U237 NL S a

2 H U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON ~. WJS. ui: ~ A. FOREST SERVICE U FPLO237 ~ 1977 /, ~~~~~~ (I!,,~~~~ 1 / / LUMBER USE TRE NDS IN MOBILE OME CONSTRUCTION ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By. / / H. EDWARD/DICKERHOOF, Industry Economist / ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Forest Products Laboratory, ~ Forest Service \ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ U.S. Department of Ag ricul ture ~~~ C The mobile home industry is a large and expanding lumber market within the housing industry. A sturdy wood frame lies under the metal wall and roof skin found o ost mobile home Units. When compared with data compiled in 1970](i), 4the latest Forest Service, Depa rtment of Agriculture survey findings indicate the average mobile home now uses much more lumber for framing. This increase in lumber usage is attributed to larger uni ts and better quality constructionwith the quality factor gene rally though t to be most impor tan t. Better quality homes with sturdier framing are produced now because of h ighe r standards established: (a) Voluntarily by the mobile home >_. indus try, (ti ) by individual States, and Cc) by the U.S. Department of ~~~~_ Housing and Urban Development. The latter standard became effective t ~~~~ June 15, 1976, and is commonly referred to a s the Fed eral standard. c_) Li_i._. J Li. 1/ Main tained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of W isconsin. 2/ Und erlined numbers in parentheses refer to literature cited at end of th is report. / /,

3 To determine changes in Lumber framing requirements since 1 ) 1 ~, i he Forest Service conducted a mail questionnaire survey of all!ohii home manufacturing plants in the United States. Wita were for units manufactured in Although the Federal st:in L ~ t d been adopted s ince that time, it is very similar to the rl juirt mell ts of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standurd A l1 4 ~.l or the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard ~ hl B. which had been adop ted in 46 States by 1974 (2, 3). Sample Data were compiled from 165 usable questionnaires returned. A pproximately 450 plants were in operation in the United States at the t ime of the survey. Responding plants represented approximately 37 percent of all existing plants. These responding plants manufactured 94,470 units or approximately 29 percent of the 330,800 mobile homes manufactured nationwide in 1974 (5). Definition o ftc rms Several different styles of housing unit are manufactured in factories. Thus, a few definitions are in order bet ore st r ~ ictti ral wood use is discussed by type of unit. Mobile home A structure transp ortable in one or more sections,. which exceeds either 8 body feet in width or 32 bod. feet in length, built on a permanent chassis and designed to he used as a dwelling with or ~~.~~ tout a permanent I oundat ion when connected to the required utilities, and includes the p 1umhin ~,, heating, air conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. (4) These units are commonl y referred to us single wides. Double wide mobile home A mobile home consisting of two sections. combined horizontally at the site while still retaining their individual chassis for possible future movement. ( ~ ), 1 I. ~~.; S L. 2

4 type.i iii Size of nits Oec.iuse ut the strung trend I ~ w ;ri t (lout, I c wid e units in recent years tutu ~ ere ht.iine d I u troth sing le and doubl e wides. The percentage d ist r ihut ion of types nil wi Iths i s shown iii table I. The average unit a 11 1 engt hs md wit ths ex ~ 1 wi i rig hi t Ii) nianu! a (tu red b y our responding p lants had a floor irca 01 9 ~~ 7 square feet. l)ouble wi des average square feet, wiu i Ic s rrugle wr des average 817 square feet. [umber Iii 1970, mobile homes used an average of 1, 680 hoard feet of lumber per uni t or about 2.2 board f eet for each square foot of living area (1). In 1974, l umber use increased to 2, 520 board feet or about 2.7 board f eet for each square foot of living area. Thus, much more lumber was required per unitboth in total and per square foot. The increased total amount of l umber is due in part to the increased size of the average mobile home unit. However, the inc rea sed use of lumber on a squarefoot basis reflects the use of larger framing members in combination with closer spacing of joists and wall studs. Iii l 374, an average of 2,255 boa rd teet of lumber required for s ing lewid es, or about 2.8 board feet for each ~. foot of living area. Double wides required an average 3,317 b ~ ~ e t of lumber, or about 2.5 board feet for each square foot of living area. Estimates of lumber consumption in 1970 indicated that doublewides used mor e lumber than sing lewides (2.1 ve rsus 2.7) on a basis of board feet requi red per square foot of living a rea. The reverse of this situation in 1974 was probably due in large part to the widespread use of the ANSI Standard A or the NFPA Standard No. 501 B, coup led w ith industry efforts to build better quality units. Because of the hei ghtened interes t in lumber use trends in mobile home manuf acture since 1970, specific informa tion was obtained for sing leand doublew ides regarding dimensions used for floor, wal, and roof framing. The percen tage of different sizes of framing lumber used is shown in table 2. Data on the spacing of framing members was not specifically reques ted. ~~ However, supp lemental information obtained from followup telephone calls and in many company brochures indica ted tha t framing 16 inches on center was commonly used to mee t performance c ri teria outlined in the codes or standards. 3/ The ANSI Standard A 119.1, NFPA Standard 501 B, and the new Federal standard are all performance type codes. Although some framing spacing and dimensions are specified, mos t requirements are design oriented. 3

5 Cone Iri s i OIlS Mobile home tin it ~ manufactured in 1970 consumed, oil the average, 1, 680 board feet of lumber. By 1974, l umber Use per unit had increased by 50 percent. Because construction standards for mobile homes ire very similar to those required for sitebuilt homes, lumber use per unit will n ot like l y increase much in the next few years. But the total vo l ume of l umber required by the mobile home industry annua lly will be a major factor in the total U.S. lumber market. During the 7year period, , home shi pments averaged approximatel y 400,000 units per year (6). Shi pments reached an alltime high of 575, 900 units in 1972 but in 1975 plummeted to 212,700 unitsthe lowest level in 10 years (6). Althoug h the mobile home indus try is currentl y showing definite s igns of recove ry, it is d ifficul t to f i nd any data cir genera l economic outlook that would warrant a prediction of a rapid return to the hi gh shipmen t levels registered in the earl y years of the decad e. Rather, for the upcoming 3year period, , it is likel y that shipments will return and temporaril y stabilize at nea r the 400, 000 unit per year average established over the past 7 years. Therefore assuming, on the aver age, 2,500 bo ard feet of lumber will be used per unit, the mob ile home industry will require about I billion board feet of l umber each year for the period ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ The author thanks the staff of the Manufactured Housing Institute for their advice and assistance as well as the many plant managers and other corporate officials that provided the data reported. The author also thanks Edwa rd W. Whitehorn, Compu ter Specialist, Southeastern Forest Experimen t Station for his work on the computer program used to compile and analyze the data. This study was initiated at the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station while the autho r was stationed at the Forestry Science Laboratory, A thens, Georgia. 4

6 _ I.ite rat rie C I ted las ick, 1 vde \., Edward II. I) ickerhoof, and newel J. Lawrence. 1 ~ 1 /. [va I nu t ion ot the rise of wood products In mobile home niai uifat t uirc. Forest Prod. i. 23(6) : l ede r a I ~ ec. is t en Mobile h ome construction and safety standards. Part 11. t)epartment of Housing and Urban Development 40(244): Dcc ~ Luiiti f ~ uc t tired lions log I rist it ute Qii i e k lie t s about t he manufactured liotis ing indus try. Chantillv, Va. 12 ~~~. 4. Mann tact ured h ousing Inst i tute Quick facts about the rnanufa tured housing industry. Chant ii lv, Va. 12 P. 5. Mob i ic tomes Manutac turers Assoc iat ion Mobile h ome Data Book.! p. 6. U. S. t)epartrnent 1)1 Commerce Corist unction Reports. Series C Housing starts. Jan Issued March. p ~~~~~

7 tab it I. J y ~ o and width ol mobile hioiite ur ii its pro IILI eni liv s ~ if li j i 1e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ all n uannr fa& turers ii the (Ou t I ii iitl i h United states, Samp Type le All and width respondents a! manufacturers Pc r cent S ing Ie w ides 1. icet I& et Other hi 1 Subtotal Exparidables b/ I Douhie wides 20 feet h/ hi 24 feet feet hi 1 28 t ~~~ t 2 1 Other hi hi Subtotal Total i/ Source: Mobile Homes Manufacturers Assoc., 1974 Mobile Home Data Book (4). hi Less than one half of one percent.

8 Tab Ic 2. Percent of different_ l umber dimensions used In f1oor ~ wall, and roo f framinj ~,Jn the manufacture of singleand doublew ide mobile homes,_1974 Framing component and lumber dimensions S ingle wides Double wides Perc ent used Floor joists 2x xb x8 6 5 Ot her In ter ior wall s tuds 1x x x x x Other Exterior wall studs 2x x Othe r Roof rafters and trusses lx x x x x6 5 5 Other 15 1], U.. (3O, F. RFIMI NT PRINTING OFFICE I) TRO LI.!, I. ~~ ~~ ~ ~

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON, WIS.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON, WIS. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON, WIS. In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH NOTE FPL-0237 1977 LUMBER USE TRENDS

More information

PANEL PRODUCT USAGE IN MOBILE HOME PRODUCTION IN THE TOP FIVE PRODUCING STATES AND IN THE UNITED STATES

PANEL PRODUCT USAGE IN MOBILE HOME PRODUCTION IN THE TOP FIVE PRODUCING STATES AND IN THE UNITED STATES PANEL PRODUCT USAGE IN MOBILE HOME PRODUCTION IN THE TOP FIVE PRODUCING STATES AND IN THE UNITED STATES RESOURCE REPORT FPL 3 FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

More information

Employee Engagement December 4, Board of Education

Employee Engagement December 4, Board of Education Employee Engagement December 4, Board of Education Employee Engagement Survey Results and Analysis Rockford Public Schools School Year: -2019 Project Overview Engagement is the connection that individuals

More information

A study of lumber use in pallets manufactured in the United States: 1982 and 1985

A study of lumber use in pallets manufactured in the United States: 1982 and 1985 A study of lumber use in pallets manufactured in the United States: 1982 and Dwight R. McCurdy James T. Ewers Fan H. Kung David B. McKeever Abstract Large amounts of wood products are used annually by

More information

Timber products used to build U.S. single-family houses in 1988

Timber products used to build U.S. single-family houses in 1988 Timber products used to build U.S. single-family houses in 1988 David B. McKeever Robert G. Anderson Abstract Large volumes of lumber and panel products are used annually to build new single-family houses

More information

THE ROI OF CLOUD ERP IMPLEMENTATION

THE ROI OF CLOUD ERP IMPLEMENTATION THE ROI OF CLOUD ERP IMPLEMENTATION Execut ive Summary RO I i s th e key ben ch m ar k i n d eci d i n g w h i ch i n vestm en ts gi ve th e gr eatest r et u r n. I n oth er w or d s, RO I i s a com p

More information

Typical Single-Story Framing Section

Typical Single-Story Framing Section Typical Single-Story Framing Section This information bulletin describes the items how to prepare a typical framing section for single-story residential construction. One or more framing sections will

More information

School District 45 (West Vancouver) 2017 Carbon Neutral Action Report

School District 45 (West Vancouver) 2017 Carbon Neutral Action Report School District 45 (West Vancouver) 2017 Carbon Neutral Action Report Declaration Statement: This Carbon Neutral Action Report for the period January 1 st to December 31 st, 2017, summarizes our emissions

More information

Division of Building Research NATIONAL RESERRCH COUNCIL CAXADA DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH. ST. LAWRENCE BURNS RESISTANCE THERMOMETER MFASURmvIFNTS

Division of Building Research NATIONAL RESERRCH COUNCIL CAXADA DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH. ST. LAWRENCE BURNS RESISTANCE THERMOMETER MFASURmvIFNTS NATIONAL RESERRCH COUNCIL CAXADA DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH ST. LAWRENCE BURNS RESISTANCE THERMOMETER MFASURmvIFNTS J.H. McGuire Report No. 155 of the Division of Building Research OTTAWA December 195

More information

IMPROVING SAWING ACCURACY DOES HELP

IMPROVING SAWING ACCURACY DOES HELP IMPROVING SAWING ACCURACY DOES HELP RESEARCH PAPER FPL 320 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON, WIS. 1979 Abstract The relation of sawing accuracy to lumber

More information

By Elena Marcheso Moreno. Photo courtesy of the American Iron and Steel Institute

By Elena Marcheso Moreno. Photo courtesy of the American Iron and Steel Institute By Elena Marcheso Moreno Photo courtesy of the American Iron and Steel Institute Competitive Prices and Ease of Construction Are Helping Metal Framing Make Inroads to the Home-Building Market as the Industry

More information

PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment Station

PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment Station FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment Station USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER PSW- 74 /1971 CONTENTS Page

More information

SCREEN PORCHES 101 DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES, INC Permit Requirements

SCREEN PORCHES 101 DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES, INC Permit Requirements SCREEN PORCHES 101 DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES, INC. 320-226.5189 www.101developmentresources.com While every attempt has been made to insure the correctness of this handout, no guarantees are made to its accuracy

More information

ON SEASONED MAUER MEST PRODUCTS LIBRAR FOREST RESEARCH LABOR SOME EFFECTS OF MIRAGE OREGON STATE UNIVERSIT. Information Reviewed and Reaffirmed

ON SEASONED MAUER MEST PRODUCTS LIBRAR FOREST RESEARCH LABOR SOME EFFECTS OF MIRAGE OREGON STATE UNIVERSIT. Information Reviewed and Reaffirmed MEST PRODUCTS LIBRAR FOREST RESEARCH LABOR SOME EFFECTS OF MIRAGE OREGON STATE UNIVERSIT ON SEASONED MAUER Information Reviewed and Reaffirmed December 1959 No. 171 1111111111111 FUN 111111111111111111111C

More information

DRYING YELLOW-POPULAR IN A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SOLAR KILN

DRYING YELLOW-POPULAR IN A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SOLAR KILN DRYING YELLOW-POPULAR IN A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SOLAR KILN Peter Y. S. Chen and Howard N. Rosen North Central Forest Experiment Station U. S. Forest Service Carbondale, Illinois Recent shortages and the soaring

More information

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products

Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and Volume in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood Products United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest s Laboratory Research Note FPL RN 0319 Criterion 6, Indicator 30: Value and in Round Wood Equivalents of Exports and Imports of Wood s James

More information

July 2015 Data from Home Innovations Research Labs (HIRL).

July 2015 Data from Home Innovations Research Labs (HIRL). Structural Panel Wall Sheathing Market Shares For 2014 July 2015 Data from Home Innovations Research Labs (HIRL). Overview of Definitions and Sample Sizes Driving 2014 Findings The findings presented in

More information

CITY OF CEDAR FALLS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL SERVICES INSPECTION SERVICES DIVISION PHONE Residential Accessory Structures

CITY OF CEDAR FALLS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL SERVICES INSPECTION SERVICES DIVISION PHONE Residential Accessory Structures CITY OF CEDAR FALLS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL SERVICES INSPECTION SERVICES DIVISION PHONE - 268-5161 Residential Accessory Structures This information has been compiled for the benefit of any person

More information

CALCULATING WIND LOADS ON LOW-RISE STRUCTURES PER 2015 WFCM ENGINEERING PROVISIONS (STD342-1)

CALCULATING WIND LOADS ON LOW-RISE STRUCTURES PER 2015 WFCM ENGINEERING PROVISIONS (STD342-1) CALCULATING WIND LOADS ON LOW-RISE STRUCTURES PER 015 WFCM ENGINEERING PROVISIONS (STD34-1) John Buddy Showalter, P.E. Vice President, Technology Transfer American Wood Council Description The Wood Frame

More information

FUTURE OF FIRE-RESISTIVE COATINGS IN WOOD CONSTRUCTION

FUTURE OF FIRE-RESISTIVE COATINGS IN WOOD CONSTRUCTION FUTURE OF FIRE-RESISTIVE COATINGS IN WOOD CONSTRUCTION ROBERT H. WHITE Forest Products Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin INTRODUCTION The wood industry is currently

More information

U.S.D.A.FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 148 DECEMBER SOME STRESS-GRADING CRITERIA AND METHODS OF GRADE SELECTION FOR DIMENSION LUMBER

U.S.D.A.FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 148 DECEMBER SOME STRESS-GRADING CRITERIA AND METHODS OF GRADE SELECTION FOR DIMENSION LUMBER U.S.D.A.FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 148 DECEMBER SOME STRESS-GRADING CRITERIA AND METHODS OF GRADE SELECTION FOR DIMENSION LUMBER U.S. Department of Agriculture * Forest Service * Forest Products

More information

Insulated Cold-Formed Steel Wall Panels: A case study of a contractor-manufacturer

Insulated Cold-Formed Steel Wall Panels: A case study of a contractor-manufacturer Insulated Cold-Formed Steel Wall Panels: A case study of a contractor-manufacturer Submitted to: Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Washington,

More information

GREEN BRIEF. Conserve. Create. Renew. LSL. LP SolidStart LSL & the Environment

GREEN BRIEF. Conserve. Create. Renew. LSL. LP SolidStart LSL & the Environment LSL GREEN BRIEF LP SolidStart LSL can help reduce labor and material costs, as well as the risk of callbacks. It can be used for a variety of applications, including roof and floor beams, door and window

More information

STRUCTURAL ISSUES IN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION. Presented by: Susan L. Lasecki P.E., S.E.

STRUCTURAL ISSUES IN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION. Presented by: Susan L. Lasecki P.E., S.E. STRUCTURAL ISSUES IN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION Presented by: Susan L. Lasecki P.E., S.E. Presentation Outline Gravity Design Load Paths from Roof to Foundation Roof Framing Floor Framing Wall Framing Lateral

More information

Details for Exterior Brick Masonry Veneer Supported by Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

Details for Exterior Brick Masonry Veneer Supported by Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Details for Exterior Brick Masonry Veneer Supported by Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Released May 20, 2009 Updated March 9, 2011 Introduction: Wood frame structures with attached brick masonry veneer

More information

City of Republic Community Development Girder and Header Spans for Exterior Walls

City of Republic Community Development Girder and Header Spans for Exterior Walls City of Republic Community Development Girder and Header Spans for Exterior Walls Revision Date: January 2017 2012 IRC Table R502.5(1) Girder Spans a and Header Spans a for Exterior Bearing Walls (Maximum

More information

Guidelines for planning the construction of a porch.

Guidelines for planning the construction of a porch. PORCHES Guidelines for planning the construction of a porch. 22817 Typo Creek Dr. Stacy, MN 55079 Telephone 651-462-0501 Permits Building permits are required for construction of all new porches. Porches

More information

M u lt i F u n ct io n al W at er Tan k U ser' s M an u al

M u lt i F u n ct io n al W at er Tan k U ser' s M an u al L L M u lt i F u n ct io n al W at er Tan k U ser' s M an u al R,V. C ON TE NT.Techni cal data......... Techni cal dat a..... Inner Structure...... Introducti on.......main components....o utl i nes and

More information

EC1403 Revised 1953 Features to Consider in Buildings for Poultry

EC1403 Revised 1953 Features to Consider in Buildings for Poultry University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 2-1953 EC143 Revised 1953 Features to Consider

More information

Cutting Yields from Standard Hardwood Lumber Grades when Gang Ripping

Cutting Yields from Standard Hardwood Lumber Grades when Gang Ripping United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory Research Paper FPL 370 September 1980 Cutting Yields from Standard Hardwood Lumber Grades when Gang Ripping Abstract This

More information

The aim is to impove the quality of human life

The aim is to impove the quality of human life The aim is to impove the quality of human life Financial well-being Human health Longevity of Life Opportunities for self-realization The Community has set a global goal to bring the humanity to the new

More information

TP: 89'-0" BP: 86'-6 1/4" 2'-0" Typ TP: 89'-0" BP: 86'-6 1/4" 2'-0" Typ S201 TW: 89'-0" TF: 86'-0" S201 TW: 87'-11 1/4" S201 TF: 86'-10 1/4" S201

TP: 89'-0 BP: 86'-6 1/4 2'-0 Typ TP: 89'-0 BP: 86'-6 1/4 2'-0 Typ S201 TW: 89'-0 TF: 86'-0 S201 TW: 87'-11 1/4 S201 TF: 86'-10 1/4 S201 Resource reginc.com 0.. '-" P: '-" 0'-0" " P: '- /" 0'-" '-" '-0" '-0" 0'-0" '-0" '-" '- /" TF: '-0" TW: '-0" TF: '-0" TW: '-0" TF: '-0" TW: '- /" TF: '-" " Typ Sim. P: '-" " TF: '-0" C '- /" '-" Varies

More information

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS SMALL HOMES COUNCIL BUILDING RESEARCH COUNCIL FULL-SCALE TESTS ON 32-FOOT HIP ROOF SYSTEM. Donald H. Percival Quentin B.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS SMALL HOMES COUNCIL BUILDING RESEARCH COUNCIL FULL-SCALE TESTS ON 32-FOOT HIP ROOF SYSTEM. Donald H. Percival Quentin B. FULL-SCALE TESTS ON 32-FOOT HIP ROOF SYSTEM Donald H. Percival Quentin B. Comus Research Report 7 8-1 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS SMALL HOMES COUNCIL BUILDING RESEARCH COUNCIL FULL SCALE TESTS ON A 32-FOOT

More information

Title: Building Construction for the Fire Service. Time: 3 hours. Teaching Materials: White board Building Construction for the Fire Service (PDF)

Title: Building Construction for the Fire Service. Time: 3 hours. Teaching Materials: White board Building Construction for the Fire Service (PDF) Title: Building Construction for the Fire Service Time: 3 hours Teaching Materials: White board Building Construction for the Fire Service (PDF) Motivation: With the evolution of newer building construction

More information

TYPICAL BEARING WALL FRAMING

TYPICAL BEARING WALL FRAMING BASIC WOOD FRAMING City of Grand Rapids Building Safety Division 218-326-7601 www.grandrapidsmn.org This handout is intended only as a guide and is based in part on the 2007 Minnesota State Building Code,

More information

TYPICAL BEARING WALL FRAMING Joints in plates must be offset by 24 min.

TYPICAL BEARING WALL FRAMING Joints in plates must be offset by 24 min. FRAMING TIPS City of Grand Rapids Building Safety Division 218-326-7601 www.grandrapidsmn.org This handout is intended only as a guide and is based in part on the 2007 Minnesota State Building Code, Grand

More information

Building Division Informational Handout

Building Division Informational Handout CITY OF SAN JOSÉ, CALIFORNIA Building Division Informational Handout Conventional Light Frame Construction Design Provisions 2007 CBC Handout No. 2-21 Published: 1/1/08 Page 1 of 3 This document summarizes

More information

Corporate Purchasing Mexico (CP/PIM) Internal CP/PIM 6/22/ Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.

Corporate Purchasing Mexico (CP/PIM) Internal CP/PIM 6/22/ Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved. Corporate Purchasing Mexico (CP/PIM) 1 Structure of the Bosch Group Bosch Group Sales: 45.1 billion euros 1 ) Associates on Jan. 1, 2009: 281,71 7 Automotive Technology Sales: 26.5 billion euros Share

More information

Wood I-Joists and Firefighter Safety American Wood Council Engineered and Traditional Wood Products

Wood I-Joists and Firefighter Safety American Wood Council Engineered and Traditional Wood Products Wood I-Joists and Firefighter Safety American Wood Council Engineered and Traditional Wood Products Copyright 2011 American Wood Council Presentation ti Outline Concern has been raised about the hazard

More information

School District 70 (Alberni)

School District 70 (Alberni) School District 70 (Alberni) Title: 2017 Carbon Neutral Action Report Organization name: School District 70 (Alberni) Declaration statement: This Carbon Neutral Action Report for the period January 1 st,

More information

MAT109: Introduction to the Wood Frame Construction Manual

MAT109: Introduction to the Wood Frame Construction Manual MAT109: Introduction to the Wood Frame Construction Manual One of the documents published by AF&PA is the Wood Frame Construction Manual for One- & Two-Family Dwellings. The WFCM is referenced in the IRC

More information

WTCA 6300 Enterprise Lane Madison, WI / / (fax)

WTCA 6300 Enterprise Lane Madison, WI / / (fax) Introduction: Released May 15, 2008 Building Designers need to account for the weight of Fire Sprinkler Systems in addition to the load requirements imposed under the model building codes. Truss Designers

More information

WOOD I-JOIST AWARENESS GUIDE

WOOD I-JOIST AWARENESS GUIDE WOOD I-JOIST AWARENESS GUIDE American Wood Council Flange Web Flange American Forest & Paper Association WOOD I-JOIST AWARENESS GUIDE The American Wood Council is part of the wood products group of the

More information

MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS OF A SIMULATED OLDER HOME DURING WINTER

MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS OF A SIMULATED OLDER HOME DURING WINTER MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS OF A SIMULATED OLDER HOME DURING WINTER USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 290 1977 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY

More information

Need for Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Method. Rapid Environmantal Assessment of POPs Pesticide Contamination Sites. Desires for an REA

Need for Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Method. Rapid Environmantal Assessment of POPs Pesticide Contamination Sites. Desires for an REA Rapid Environmantal Assessment of POPs Pesticide Contamination Sites A Simplified Method Developed for Vietnam John Keith - Lead Technical Advisor Blacksmith Institute, New York 29 May 2013 Need for Rapid

More information

RESIDENTIAL SEISMIC RETROFITS

RESIDENTIAL SEISMIC RETROFITS RESIDENTIAL Barry H. Welliver Structural Engineer BHW Engineers SEAU 6th Annual Education Conference Davis Conference Center - Layton, Utah February 21st, 2018 TOPICS Introduction to Seismic Retrofits

More information

CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT TERMS AND FACTS CHAPTER 15

CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT TERMS AND FACTS CHAPTER 15 CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT TERMS AND FACTS CHAPTER 15 Copyright 2004 CONSTRUCTION The following are twenty key construction components and basic facts that are to be considered high priority. Please refer

More information

GREEN BRIEF. Conserve. Create. Renew. Rim Board. LP SolidStart Rim Board & the Environment

GREEN BRIEF. Conserve. Create. Renew. Rim Board. LP SolidStart Rim Board & the Environment Rim Board GREEN BRIEF Due to its strength and consistency, LP SolidStart Rim Board is ideal for supporting vertical and lateral loads as part of a floor framing system. It is available in OSB, LVL, or

More information

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS AND ASSISTANCE TRUST FUND ARC 4496 Evaluation Questionnaire

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS AND ASSISTANCE TRUST FUND ARC 4496 Evaluation Questionnaire EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS AND ASSISTANCE TRUST FUND ARC 4496 Evaluation Questionnaire Additional Instructions and Clarifications 1. Please review ARC 4496 before beginning the project identification

More information

CASS COUNTY, MISSOURI BUILDING CODES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND ZONING DEPARTMENT S.

CASS COUNTY, MISSOURI BUILDING CODES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND ZONING DEPARTMENT S. CASS COUNTY, MISSOURI BUILDING CODES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 30508 S. West Outer Road, Harrisonville, MO 64701 P- (816) 380-8134 F- (816) 380-8130 Last Updated March 15, 2016 Information

More information

FIGURE R502.2 FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE R502.2 FLOOR CONSTRUCTION CHAPTER 5 FLOORS 11 I SECTION R501 GENERAL R501.1 Application. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design and construction of the floors for all buildings including the floors of attic spaces

More information

Potential Damage from Asian Longhorned Beetle

Potential Damage from Asian Longhorned Beetle Beetle Principal Investigators: David Nowak, Daniel Crane, Jack Stevens, Jeffrey Walton* (USDA, ) *Currently at Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, Collaborators: Doug Allen Latif G. Kaya (SUNY College

More information

R CODE CHANGE PROPOSAL FORM (See instructions on page 2)

R CODE CHANGE PROPOSAL FORM (See instructions on page 2) CODE CHANGE PROPOSAL FORM (See instructions on page 2) Code: IRC 12/13 Sections 301.2.2.2.1 Proponent: Charles S. Bajnai, Chesterfield County, VA, ICC Building Code Action Committee 1. Delete as shown

More information

Predicting racking performance of walls sheathed on both sides

Predicting racking performance of walls sheathed on both sides Predicting racking performance of walls sheathed on both sides Marcia Patton-Mallory William J. McCutcheon Abstract This paper extends a previously developed wall racking model to the case of walls sheathed

More information

Building Guide. Colorado Chapter of the International Conference of Building Officials. Building Guide

Building Guide. Colorado Chapter of the International Conference of Building Officials. Building Guide 12/29/16 Building Guide Colorado Chapter of the International Conference of Building Officials Building Guide Colorado Chapter of the International Code Council Single Family Residential Enclosing Existing

More information

DIDN'T MY LORD DELIVER DANIEL? updated freely...with spirit and passion 1. œ V. li - ver us! Oh

DIDN'T MY LORD DELIVER DANIEL? updated freely...with spirit and passion 1. œ V. li - ver us! Oh DIDN'T MY LORD DELIER DANIEL Africa America Spiritual (public domai) updated 5-1-08 Arragemet by AARON DALE for the Westmister Chorus - April 2008 teor solo Teor Lead c c Itro freelyith spirit ad passio

More information

Great Southern Log Homes

Great Southern Log Homes Great Southern Log Homes Material List Log Materials Package: All in One on a Crawl space Great Southern Homes guarantees sufficient quantizes of material provided in the following material list. If there

More information

1 & 2 Family Garage/Shed Permits City of Oshkosh Inspection Services Division

1 & 2 Family Garage/Shed Permits City of Oshkosh Inspection Services Division This handout will help guide you through the permit application process. Following the steps below will help to expedite the issuance of your building permit. Please plan ahead and pick one of the following

More information

District of Barriere A GUIDE TO BUILDING PERMITS

District of Barriere A GUIDE TO BUILDING PERMITS District of Barriere A GUIDE TO BUILDING PERMITS THIS BROCHURE EXPLAINS: When a Building Permit is required Building Application Procedure District of Barriere Review of the Permit Application Additional

More information

Garage/Accessory Structures

Garage/Accessory Structures Garage/Accessory Structures City of New Prague Building Inspections Department 118 Central Ave N New Prague, MN 56071 (952) 758-4401 Fax (952) 758-1149 Requirements for submitted Building Plans Signed

More information

S H E L V I N G. lockers. shelving. cupboards & work stations. kinetic mobile shelving. technic shelving. cabinets

S H E L V I N G. lockers. shelving. cupboards & work stations. kinetic mobile shelving. technic shelving. cabinets lockers New Age Storage Systems Ltd Unit 6 Rosemount Business Park Ballycoolin Road Dublin shelving cupboards & work stations kinetic mobile shelving technic shelving SHELVING E ZER IR CERTIF ATED IC RO

More information

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS CHPTER GENERL BUILDING HEIGHT ND RE ECTION 0 GENERL 0. cope. The provisions of this chapter control the height and area of structures hereafter erected and additions to existing structures. [F] 0. Premises

More information

ACCESSORY STRUCTURE Building permit information For 1 & 2-family dwellings

ACCESSORY STRUCTURE Building permit information For 1 & 2-family dwellings ACCESSORY STRUCTURE Building permit information For 1 & 2-family dwellings Building Safety Department 400-2 nd Street South St. Cloud, MN 56301 (320) 255-7239 A building permit is required for any accessory

More information

GENERAL INFORMATION ZONING REGULATIONS

GENERAL INFORMATION ZONING REGULATIONS City of Cedar Falls Department of Community Development Inspection Services Division 268-5161 Residential Accessory Structures 2015 International Residential Code This information has been compiled for

More information

FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATOR Y

FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATOR Y GRICOLTURE L U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATOR Y In cooperation with the University of Wisconsi n MADISON, WISCONSIN DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF WASTE IN

More information

CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES

CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES SECTION R1001 MASONRY FIREPLACES R1001.1 General. Masonry fireplaces shall be constructed in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Chapters 3 and 4. R1001.2 Footings and foundations.

More information

FIREBLOCK/DRAFTSTOPPING INFORMATION CODE INFORMATION FOR 1 & 2-FAMILY DWELLINGS FOR WOOD-FRAMED CONSTRUCTION FIREBLOCK

FIREBLOCK/DRAFTSTOPPING INFORMATION CODE INFORMATION FOR 1 & 2-FAMILY DWELLINGS FOR WOOD-FRAMED CONSTRUCTION FIREBLOCK Building Safety Department 400-2 nd Street South St. Cloud, MN 56301 (320) 255-7239 FIREBLOCK/DRAFTSTOPPING INFORMATION CODE INFORMATION FOR 1 & 2-FAMILY DWELLINGS FOR WOOD-FRAMED CONSTRUCTION FIREBLOCK

More information

14' x 24' Garage Plan

14' x 24' Garage Plan 14' x 24' Garage Plan SDS-CAD Specialized Design Systems www.sdscad.com email sdscad@pcu.net Copyright 2002 14'-0" (vert)-g 24'-0" 12 in 12 GARAGE 13'-4" x 23'-4" 12 in 12 3068 19'-0" 3'-0" 2'-0" 24'-0"

More information

Drying 4/4 Red Oak by Solar heat

Drying 4/4 Red Oak by Solar heat FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY (Madison 5, Wis.) FOREST SERVICE, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Approved Technical Article VOL. XII, NO. 3 FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL MARCH 1962 Fig. 1.-Experimental solar dryer

More information

2003 International Residential Building Code

2003 International Residential Building Code 2003 International Residential Building Code Section R305 Ceiling Height Habitable rooms, hallways, corridors, bathrooms, toilet rooms, laundry rooms and basements shall have a ceiling height of not less

More information

IMPORTANCE OF THICKNESS VARIATION IN KILN DRYING RED OAK LUMBER

IMPORTANCE OF THICKNESS VARIATION IN KILN DRYING RED OAK LUMBER IMPORTANCE OF THICKNESS VARIATION IN KILN DRYING RED OAK LUMBER William Simpson and John Tschernitz Forest Products Laboratory U.S. Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin Introduction It is well known in the

More information

DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND INSTALLATION OF A PRESS-LAM BASEMENT BEAM IN A FACTORY-BUILT HOUSE

DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND INSTALLATION OF A PRESS-LAM BASEMENT BEAM IN A FACTORY-BUILT HOUSE DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND INSTALLATION OF A PRESS-LAM BASEMENT BEAM IN A FACTORY-BUILT HOUSE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 316 FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MADISON, WIS.

More information

SECTION WOOD FRAMING. A. Includes But Not Limited To 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents.

SECTION WOOD FRAMING. A. Includes But Not Limited To 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents. SECTION 06110 WOOD FRAMING PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Includes But Not Limited To 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents. B. Products Installed But Not Supplied

More information

I n t r o d u c i n g t h e S a f e E x So l u t i o n

I n t r o d u c i n g t h e S a f e E x So l u t i o n I n t r o d u c i n g t h e S a f e E x So l u t i o n More efficient inspections & maintenance The software is developed for known handheld devices certified for zone 1 and 2. The solution enables your

More information

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION New Dwellings and Additions

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION New Dwellings and Additions How to Obtain a Building Permit For RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION New Dwellings and Additions MIAMI COUNTY, KANSAS CODE SERVICES DEPARTMENT 201 South Pearl Street, Suite 201 Paola, Kansas 66071-1777 Phone:

More information

Manufactured Housing In the United States

Manufactured Housing In the United States Manufactured Housing In the United States Source: U.S. Census Bureau, industry analysis and proprietary sources The Manufactured Housing Institute (MHI) is a nonprofit national trade association representing

More information

BUY OR RENT TO OWN NO CREDIT CHECK

BUY OR RENT TO OWN NO CREDIT CHECK BUY OR NO CREDIT CHECK WWW.OLDHICKORYBUILDINGS.CA LOF TED BARN LOF TED BARN PRIC ING TREATED & PAINTED SIZE CASH PRIC E* 8x10 $3,245 00 $150 23 $120 19 (36 MO) (60 MO)** 8x12 $3,395 00 $157 18 $125 74

More information

The Award Winning Aircon Energy Saver

The Award Winning Aircon Energy Saver The Award Winning Aircon Energy Saver Significantly Reduce Carbon Emissions, Improve Air Quality and Save up to 30% on Energy Costs for Air Conditioning. About AIRCON ENERGY SAVER Air-Conditioning accounts

More information

CORRELATION OF ASTM EXPOSURE TESTS FOR EVALUATING DURABILITY OF FIRE-RETARDANT TREATMENT OF WOOD

CORRELATION OF ASTM EXPOSURE TESTS FOR EVALUATING DURABILITY OF FIRE-RETARDANT TREATMENT OF WOOD SUMMARY A cooperative study was carried out to determine the equivalency of two alternate methods of exposure testing described in ASTM Standard D 2898-70T, Tentative Methods of Test for Durability of

More information

2016 PRODUCT BROCHURE

2016 PRODUCT BROCHURE Architectural Form Liner Solutions for Concrete Made in the U.S.A. 2016 PRODUCT BROCHURE Architectural Polymers Leader in Concrete Form Fabrication ABOUT US Architectural c tural Polymers r has been e

More information

Site Data. Site Area per Bedroom 450 square feet per bedroom. Site Area: 13,132 s.f.

Site Data. Site Area per Bedroom 450 square feet per bedroom. Site Area: 13,132 s.f. Specific Implementation Plan Settlement Place May 26, 2010 Site A Residential Development at 517-523 East Main Street Madison, Wisconsin Owner/Developer LT McGrath, LLC 3849 Caribou Rd. Verona, Wisconsin

More information

Kansas Department of Health and Environment Office of Planning and Prevention

Kansas Department of Health and Environment Office of Planning and Prevention Kansas Department of Health and Environment Office of Planning and Prevention Upper Arkansas River/Cimarron Basins High Priority for Implementation TMDLs ote: In the following county level maps the High

More information

CITY OF HAGERSTOWN PLANNING & CODE ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT. Submittal Requirements

CITY OF HAGERSTOWN PLANNING & CODE ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT. Submittal Requirements CITY OF HAGERSTOWN PLANNING & CODE ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 1 East Franklin Street Phone: 301-790-4163 Third Floor Hagerstown, MD 21740 Fax: 301-791-2650 BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION FOR RESIDENTIAL ACCESSORY

More information

System Report. Design for Combined Shear and Uplift from Wind. and equipment, and Section Analysis

System Report. Design for Combined Shear and Uplift from Wind. and equipment, and Section Analysis ystem Report R-101B JANUARY 2010 Design for Combined hear and Uplift from Wind 1. BAI OF THE YTEM REPORT n 2009 and 2006 International Building Code: ections 104.11 Alternative materials, design and methods

More information

1 & 2 Family Deck Permits City of Oshkosh Inspection Services Division

1 & 2 Family Deck Permits City of Oshkosh Inspection Services Division 1 & 2 Family Deck Permits City of Oshkosh Inspection Services Division This handout will help guide you through the permit application process. Following the steps below will help to expedite the issuance

More information

glovia.com KANBAN Whitepaper

glovia.com KANBAN Whitepaper glovia.com KANBAN Whitepaper glovia.com KANBAN White Paper Part Number: W HPK AN0103 Date: January 2003 Glovia International, Inc. U.S. Headquarters 2250 E. Imperial Highway, Suite 200 El Segundo, CA 90245

More information

Village of Lombard Community Development Department/Building Division 255 E. Wilson Avenue Lombard, IL Tel: Fax:

Village of Lombard Community Development Department/Building Division 255 E. Wilson Avenue Lombard, IL Tel: Fax: Village of Lombard Community Development Department/Building Division 255 E. Wilson Avenue Lombard, IL 60148 Tel: 630-620-5750 Fax: 630-629-2374 Accessory Structures: Decks, Terraces, Gazebos, Porches,

More information

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere

More information

2 Better Built. Better Value. Better Believe It.

2 Better Built. Better Value. Better Believe It. 2 Better Built. Better Value. Better Believe It. Built To A More Demanding Standard. When you walk into one of our new homes, you can be sure that it measures up to Florida s tough From top to bottom,

More information

TABLE R402,2 MINIMUM SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

TABLE R402,2 MINIMUM SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE shall be field treated with copper naphthenate, the concentration of which shall conta in a minimum of 2 percent copper metal. by repeated brushing, dipping or soaking until the wood absorbs no more preservative.

More information

Type of Insulation Fiberglass batts Loose-fill fiberglass Loose-fill cellulose

Type of Insulation Fiberglass batts Loose-fill fiberglass Loose-fill cellulose 1 of 6 10/14/2009 10:11 PM DOE/CE-0335P June 1991 Department of Energy Assistant Secretary Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Contents: Appendix Introduction Effect of Radiant Barrier on Heating and

More information

SECTION WOOD FRAMING. A. Includes But Not Limited To: 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents.

SECTION WOOD FRAMING. A. Includes But Not Limited To: 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents. SECTION 06 1100 WOOD FRAMING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Includes But Not Limited To: 1. Furnish and install wood framing and blocking as described in Contract Documents. B. Products Installed But

More information

Individual Truss Marking Is it a Building Code Requirement?

Individual Truss Marking Is it a Building Code Requirement? Introduction: Individual Truss Marking Is it a Building Code Requirement? Released April 1, 2010 On January 1, 2008, the 2007 edition of the California Building Code (CBC) 1 was adopted for use and replaced

More information

Building for Energy Efficiency Part 2 Advanced Framing Workshop. Objectives for this presentation...

Building for Energy Efficiency Part 2 Advanced Framing Workshop. Objectives for this presentation... Building for Energy Efficiency Part 2 Advanced Framing Workshop Aaron Grin Corporation www.buildingscience.com Objectives for this presentation... 1. Brief History of Advanced Framing 2. Overview 3. Benefits

More information

FILE / HOW TO FIX A RETAINING WALL

FILE / HOW TO FIX A RETAINING WALL 27 June, 2018 FILE / HOW TO FIX A RETAINING WALL Document Filetype: PDF 289.65 KB 0 FILE / HOW TO FIX A RETAINING WALL Unlike stone or masonry retaining walls, retaining walls made of railroad ties do

More information

The State of B.C. s Wood Products Industry: 2015 Update

The State of B.C. s Wood Products Industry: 2015 Update The State of B.C. s Wood Products Industry: 2015 Update Association of Professional Economists of BC Vancouver, BC May 20 2015 By: Russell Taylor 2a Introduction to: International WOOD MARKETS Group We

More information

Patio Covers Building Guides for Homeowners

Patio Covers Building Guides for Homeowners Patio Covers Building Guides for Homeowners Why Do I need a Permit? D ID Y OU K N OW? As owner-builder you are the responsible party of record on such a permit. If your work is being performed by a contractor,

More information

CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES

CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES CHAPTER 10 CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES SECTION R1001 MASONRY FIREPLACES R1001.1 General. Masonry fireplaces shall be constructed in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Chapters 3

More information

Offline Checks. February 9, 2015

Offline Checks. February 9, 2015 Offline Checks February 9, 2015 1 Offline Checks Uses & Facts: re are three types of Offline Checks. The type is defined on the offline s Run ID. Each type has a specific use. Employee Offline Check is

More information

Does Gang Ripping Hold The Potential For Higher Clear Cutting Yields

Does Gang Ripping Hold The Potential For Higher Clear Cutting Yields United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory Research Paper FPL 369 May 1980 Does Gang Ripping Hold The Potential For Higher Clear Cutting Yields ABSTRACT Cutting yields

More information