Environmental Physics

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Environmental Physics"

Transcription

1 Environmental Physics Second edition Egbert Boeker and Rienk van Grondelle Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD. Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto

2 Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements ix xi xiii 1 Introduction: The Essentials of Environmental Physics The Economic System Living in the Greenhouse Enjoying the Sun Transport of Matter, Energy and Momentum The Social and Political Context 6 References 9 2 Basic Environmental Spectroscopy Introduction to the Solar Spectrum Black Body Radiation The Emission Spectrum of the Sun Interaction of Light with Matter The Transition Electric Dipole Moment The Einstein Coefficients Lambert Beer's Law Biomolecules, Ozone and UV Light The Spectroscopy of Biomolecules Solar UV and Life The Ozone Filter 24 Exercises 27 References 28 3 The Global Climate The Energy Balance: A Zero-Dimensional Greenhouse Model Elements of Weather and Climate Climate Variations and Modelling 50 Excursion 3A. Tvvo Simple Examples of Chaos 57 Exercises 60 References 62 4 Energy for Human Use Heat Transfer Energy from (mainly) Fossil Fuels Thermodynamic Variables Conversion of Heat into Work and Vice Versa; Available Work 79

3 vi CONTENTS Excursion 4A. Efficiency of a 'Real' Heat Engine 81 Excursion 4B. Loss of Exergy in Combustion Heat Engines: Conversion of Heat into Work Internal Combustion Engines: Conversion of Chemical Energy into Work Heat Pipes Electricity Energy Storage and Energy Transport Reducing Pollution 103 Excursion 4C. Energy Savings by Co-generation Refrigeration Transportation The Price of Energy Conversion Renewable Energy Sources Solar Heat and Solar Electricity 115 Excursion 4D. The Grätzel Cell Wind Energy Waves Bioenergy Hydropower and Fuel Cells Nuclear Energy Power from Nuclear Fission Power by Nuclear Fusion Radiation and Safety 165 Excursion 4E. Electromagnetic Radiation and Health Managing the Fuel Cycle; Waste 176 Exercises 184 References Transport of Pollutants Diffusion 194 Excursion 5A. Conservation of Mass Flow in Rivers Ground Water Flow The Equations of Fluid Dynamics Turbulence 242 Excursion 5B. Turbulent Diffusion Gaussian Plumes in the Air Turbulent Jets and Plumes Particle Physics 270 Exercises 277 References Noise Basic Acoustics Human Perceptions and Noise Criteria Reducing the Transmission of Sound 308

4 CONTENTS vii 6.4 Active Control of Sound 319 Exercises 326 References Spectra and Examples of Environmental Spectroscopy Overview of Spectroscopy Population of Energy Levels and Intensity The Transition Dipole Moment: Selection Rules Line Widths Atomic Spectra One-Electron Atoms Many-Electron Atoms Molecular Spectra Rotational Transitions Vibrational Transitions Electronic Transitions in Molecules Scattering Raman Scattering 349 Excursion 7A. Resonance Raman Scattering Rayleigh Scattering Mie Scattering Spectroscopy of the Inner Electrons of Atoms and Molecules X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy X-Ray Absorption Spectra The Auger Effect Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) Examples of Environmental Analysis Monitoring Pollution of the Upper Atmosphere with Satellites Lidar: A Technique to Measure the Location of Atmospheric Pollution 362 Excursion 7B. Lidar Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone 367 Excursion 7C. Aerosol Concentrations in the Karkonosze Mountains, Poland Energy-Selective Spectroscopy of Molecules Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) 389 Exercises 395 References The Context of Society Risk Estimation Limits an Cheap Resources Saving Energy Resources and Nature Reviewing Our Thinking 419 Excursion 8A. Self-Organized Criticality 422 Exercises 425 Essay Questions 425 References 427

5 viii CONTENTS Appendix A Gauss, Delta and Error Functions 429 Appendix B Some Vector Differentiations 431 Appendix C Physical and Numerical Constants 433 Index 435

Introduction to Environmental Physics

Introduction to Environmental Physics Introduction to Environmental Physics Planet Earth, Life and Climate Nigel Mason Department of Physics and Astronomy University College, London, UK. Peter Hughes Kingsway College, London, UK. with Randall

More information

Microstructural Characterization of Materials

Microstructural Characterization of Materials Microstructural Characterization of Materials 2nd Edition DAVID BRANDON AND WAYNE D. KAPLAN Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Contents Preface to the Second Edition

More information

Principles of. Turbomachinery. Seppo A. Korpela. The Ohio State University WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

Principles of. Turbomachinery. Seppo A. Korpela. The Ohio State University WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Principles of Turbomachinery Seppo A. Korpela The Ohio State University WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Energy and fluid machines

More information

Contents. Acknowledgments XI Preface XIII List of Abbreviations XV

Contents. Acknowledgments XI Preface XIII List of Abbreviations XV V Acknowledgments XI Preface XIII List of Abbreviations XV 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Global Energy Flow 1 1.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Greenhouse Effect 1 1.3 Limit to Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration 5 1.4

More information

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE AREA 321 SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE AREA 321 SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE AREA 321 SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION Prepared by: Michael Kingsley, Ph.D. Updated by: Matthew Bullwinkel CANINO SCHOOL OF

More information

Planetary Energy Balance

Planetary Energy Balance Planetary Energy Balance Overview of Planetary Energy Balance Energy coming into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun is always in balance with the energy leaving Earth s atmosphere going back out into

More information

Earth s Atmosphere. Composition & Structure

Earth s Atmosphere. Composition & Structure Earth s Atmosphere Composition & Structure Essential Questions 1. What is the Earth s atmosphere made of? 2. What are the different layers of the atmosphere? 3. What causes atmospheric pressure? Historical

More information

How our atmosphere evolved

How our atmosphere evolved Earth s Atmosphere How our atmosphere evolved I. The early atmosphere did not support life. It contained deadly gases such as Methane and Ammonia. There was very little Oxygen. II. Over time, gases were

More information

ELECTRONIC EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN CONDENSED MATTER

ELECTRONIC EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN CONDENSED MATTER ELECTRONIC EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN CONDENSED MATTER V.M. AGRANOVICH Institute of Spectroscopy, USSR Academy of Sciences Troitsk, Moscow ob. 142092 USSR. M.D. GALANIN Lebedev Physical Institute, USSR

More information

KINEMATIC WAVE MODELING IN WATER RESOURCES Environmental Hydrology

KINEMATIC WAVE MODELING IN WATER RESOURCES Environmental Hydrology KINEMATIC WAVE MODELING IN WATER RESOURCES Environmental Hydrology VIJAY P. SINGH Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana A Wiley-lnterscience

More information

Card #1/24. Describe how thermal energy is passed on in terms of ions Using these ideas explain how a convection current occurs

Card #1/24. Describe how thermal energy is passed on in terms of ions Using these ideas explain how a convection current occurs Card #1/24 Card #2/24 Topic: Conduction Topic: Convection In what state of matter does conduction occur? In what states of matter does convection occur? Explain why it needs to be in this state? Define

More information

Principles of Powder Technology

Principles of Powder Technology Principles of Powder Technology Edited by M. J. Rhodes University of Bradford, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore Contents List of Contributors Preface ix xi Chapter 1

More information

T8-1 [166 marks] Which energy resource is renewable? A. Natural gas B. Uranium C. Biogas D. Coal

T8-1 [166 marks] Which energy resource is renewable? A. Natural gas B. Uranium C. Biogas D. Coal T8-1 [166 marks] 1. Which energy resource is renewable? A. Natural gas B. Uranium C. Biogas D. Coal 2. For a black-body at absolute temperature T the power emitted per unit area is P. What is the power

More information

Crystal Growth from Melts

Crystal Growth from Melts Crystal Growth from Melts Applications to Growth of Groups 1 and 2 Crystals Bimalendu Narayan Roy Sheffield City Polytechnic, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore Contents

More information

Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar!

Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar! Welcome to the Supercharged Science Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review

More information

Contents. Publisher s Note Contributors. - Designated as a Green Occupation by the US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.

Contents. Publisher s Note Contributors. - Designated as a Green Occupation by the US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. Publisher s Note Contributors xi xvii - Designated as a Green Occupation by the US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. Acoustics 3 Basic Principles 3 Core Concepts 4 Applications

More information

Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar!

Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar! Welcome to the Supercharged Science Alternative & Renewable Energy Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review

More information

Topic 8: Energy, power and climate change

Topic 8: Energy, power and climate change Topic 8: Energy, power and climate change 8.1 Energy degradation and power generation 8.1.1 State that thermal energy may be completely converted to work in a single process, but that continuous conversion

More information

Topic # 7 Part II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Topic # 7 Part II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Topic # 7 Part II ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION All about the GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, esp. GREENHOUSE GASES! Class Notes pp 37-41 REVIEW: ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE The changes in temperature

More information

Power Generation Technologies

Power Generation Technologies Power Generation Technologies Paul Breeze AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO ELSEVIER Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Newnes Contents

More information

MICROSCOPIC X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS

MICROSCOPIC X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS MICROSCOPIC X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS Edited by Koen H.A. Janssens, Freddy C.V. Adams Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium Anders Rindby Department of Physics, Chalmers University

More information

Composition and Energy AOSC 200 Tim Canty

Composition and Energy AOSC 200 Tim Canty Composition and Energy AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Atmospheric composition cont. Energy transfer Lecture 03 Sept 5 2017 1 Today s Weather

More information

The Effects of Volcano-Induced Ozone Depletion on Short-Lived Climate Forcing in the Arctic

The Effects of Volcano-Induced Ozone Depletion on Short-Lived Climate Forcing in the Arctic C53C-0852 The Effects of Volcano-Induced Ozone Depletion on Short-Lived Climate Forcing in the Arctic Peter L. Ward US Geological Survey Retired Teton Tectonics Jackson, WY 307-733-3664 cell 307-413-4055

More information

The September Equinox is today: Sep 23rd! It s considered the traditional end of Summer and the beginning of Fall

The September Equinox is today: Sep 23rd! It s considered the traditional end of Summer and the beginning of Fall More coming up in Topic #11 (class notes p 61) The September Equinox is today: Sep 23rd! It s considered the traditional end of Summer and the beginning of Fall The Sun s rays have greatest intensity right

More information

I. Pollutants A. Harmful substances the enter the environment

I. Pollutants A. Harmful substances the enter the environment I. Pollutants A. Harmful substances the enter the environment II. Two Classifications A. Particulates 1. Tiny substances (liquid or solid) suspended in the atmosphere 2. Examples: Dust, Ash, and Soot 3.

More information

PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS

PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS GaN, AIN, InN, BN, SiC, SiGe Edited by Michael E. Levinshtein The Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Sergey L. Rumyantsev The Ioffe Institute, Russian

More information

SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES

SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES SOLAR ENGINEERING OF THERMAL PROCESSES Second Edition JOHN A. DUFFIE Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering WILLIAM A. BECKMAN Professor of Mechanical Engineering Solar Energy Laboratory University

More information

Contents. Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition. Part I Air Pollution Essentials

Contents. Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition. Part I Air Pollution Essentials Contents Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition xvii xxi Part I Air Pollution Essentials 1 The Changing Face of Air Pollution I. Defining Air Pollution 3 II. The Emergence of Air Pollution

More information

Comparing Renewable Energy Sources

Comparing Renewable Energy Sources Section 1 - Supply and Demand Fossil Fuels At present our main sources of energy are the fossil fuels. These are coal, oil and gas. Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals that died millions

More information

The Environmental Policy Paradox

The Environmental Policy Paradox A/491000 The Environmental Policy Paradox Fifth Edition Zachary A. Smith Northern Arizona University PEARSON Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, Nj 07458 Contents Preface xi Abbreviations xv About the Author

More information

Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition. Acknowledgment

Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition. Acknowledgment Dedication Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Forewords Acknowledgment iii xiii xv xvii xix Chapter 1 Introduction to Pipeline Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Liquid Pipelines

More information

Chapter-IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES

Chapter-IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES Chapter-IV OPTICAL PROPERTIES 4.1 Ultraviolet/ Visible Spectroscopy UV- visible spectroscopy of wavelength is shorter than visible light, but longer than X- rays. UV-Violet color is the shortest wavelength

More information

Contents. Acknowledgments... Acronyms and Abbreviations... xiii. Preface...

Contents. Acknowledgments... Acronyms and Abbreviations... xiii. Preface... Acknowledgments... xi Acronyms and Abbreviations........................... xiii Preface... xix Chapter 1. Classification of Nuclear Accidents.... 1 1.1. Classification of nuclear events: incident or accident?...

More information

2 Atmospheric Heating

2 Atmospheric Heating CHAPTER 15 2 Atmospheric Heating SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does energy travel from the sun to Earth? What are

More information

Exercises in Environmental Physics

Exercises in Environmental Physics Exercises in Environmental Physics Valerio Faraoni Exercises in Environmental Physics Valerio Faraoni Physics Department Bishop s University Lennoxville, Quebec J1M 1Z7 Canada vfaraoni@cs-linux.ubishops.ca

More information

Crossword Puzzle Energy and Power. Name: Class: Date:

Crossword Puzzle Energy and Power. Name: Class: Date: Crossword Puzzle - 5.1.1 Energy and Power Name: Class: Date: Fill in the crossword puzzle by using the clues. 1 2 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 10 6 7 11 8 12 9 13 10 11 12 Across 1. These nonrenewable resources

More information

Energy & Power Unit 5, Lesson 1 Explanation

Energy & Power Unit 5, Lesson 1 Explanation Energy & Power 5.1.1 Unit 5, Lesson 1 Explanation The Unit Big Idea The designed world is the product of a design process, which provides ways to turn resources - materials, tools and machines, people,

More information

Lesson 5 Energy. OAA Science Lesson 5 52

Lesson 5 Energy. OAA Science Lesson 5 52 Lesson 5 Energy OAA Science Lesson 5 52 Name Date Period Student Lesson 5: Energy Reference Sheet: Energy - is the ability to do work or cause change - can be changed from one form to another - cannot

More information

Chapter 4: The Global Energy System

Chapter 4: The Global Energy System Discovering Physical Geography Third Edition by Alan Arbogast Chapter 4: The Global Energy System The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Solar Energy Solar Energy as Radiation Electromagnetic energy transmitted

More information

Solar Radiation Potential as Energy Source of Photovoltaic Powered Uninterrupted Power Supply in Perlis, Northern Malaysia

Solar Radiation Potential as Energy Source of Photovoltaic Powered Uninterrupted Power Supply in Perlis, Northern Malaysia IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 9, Issue 6 Ver. II (Nov Dec. 2014), PP 31-36 Solar Radiation Potential as Energy Source of

More information

Atmospheric Chemistry

Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Chemistry Research Dr. Husam T. Majeed Department of Atmospheric Sciences 2nd Year Class First Semester 2018-2019 Course Syllabus 1. Introduction & Review Atmospheric Chemistry Box Models and

More information

Gemmology. -lutterworth E I N E M A N N. Second edition. P.G. Read OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI

Gemmology. -lutterworth E I N E M A N N. Second edition. P.G. Read OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Gemmology Second edition P.G. Read -lutterworth E I N E M A N N OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Contents Preface Acknowledgements ix x Introduction The evolution of the science

More information

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014 Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 3/6/2014 MRS 1 Due Tuesday Second exam will be postponed until after spring break The sun drives the climate of Earth http://www.spaceweather.com/images2002/18mar02/cme_c3_big.gif

More information

GLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB

GLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB GLOBAL WARMING COMPUTER LAB A COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAM ON TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISING After performing this computer simulation lab you will be able to: 1) understand the greenhouse effect

More information

Energy. Solar Energy. Energy Resource A natural resource that. humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable.

Energy. Solar Energy. Energy Resource A natural resource that. humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable. Energy Solar Energy Energy Resource A natural resource that humans use to generate energy. Can be renewable are nonrenewable. energy sources are replaced by natural processes at least as quickly as they

More information

Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej Wydział Matematyki, Fizyki i Informatyki UNIWERSYTET GDAŃSKI

Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej Wydział Matematyki, Fizyki i Informatyki UNIWERSYTET GDAŃSKI Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej Wydział Matematyki, Fizyki i Informatyki UNIWERSYTET GDAŃSKI I. Background theory. 1. Heat transfer processes: a) heat conduction: energy flux, energy flux density, coefficient

More information

Convection. L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Conduction. heat conduction. radiation

Convection. L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Conduction. heat conduction. radiation L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat transfer processes convection conduction Thermodynamics of the atmosphere Greenhouse effect and climate change Effect of the ozone layer Convection heat is transferred from

More information

CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1 6. Volume 1

CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1 6. Volume 1 CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 1 6 Volume 1 Acid Deposition and Energy Use Aggregation of Energy Aircraft and Energy Use Air Pollution from Energy Production and Use Air Pollution, Health Effects of Alternative Transportation

More information

Field 036: Middle School Science Assessment Blueprint

Field 036: Middle School Science Assessment Blueprint Field 036: Middle School Science Assessment Blueprint Domain I Foundations of Science 0001 The Nature and Processes of Science (Standard 1) 0002 Central Concepts and Connections in Science (Standard 2)

More information

REET Energy Conversion. 0 Introduction. Energy. the ability or capacity to do work

REET Energy Conversion. 0 Introduction. Energy. the ability or capacity to do work REET 3020 Energy Conversion 0 Introduction Energy can be defined as: Energy the ability or capacity to do work or the property of a system that diminishes when the system does work on any other system,

More information

Chapter 11: Atmosphere

Chapter 11: Atmosphere To get you thinking This is our atmosphere. All life on Earth exists within this tiny protective blanket. Why is the atmosphere important to us? What do you think it does for us? Chapter 11: Atmosphere

More information

COURSE CURRICULUM FOR THE NEW PROGRAMME (DD-TFE/CADA/CIM) w.e.f BATCH *CS 101/ +BB *PH 117/ +CH 117

COURSE CURRICULUM FOR THE NEW PROGRAMME (DD-TFE/CADA/CIM) w.e.f BATCH *CS 101/ +BB *PH 117/ +CH 117 Course code COURSE CURRICULUM FOR THE NEW PROGRAMME (DD-TFE/CADA/CIM) w.e.f. 21 BATCH Semester I Course Name Credit Structure Course Code Semester II Course Name Credit Structure L T P C L T P C MA 15

More information

Energy Energy is the ability to do work or move something.

Energy Energy is the ability to do work or move something. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or move something. www.mrcjcs.com 1 There are 2 main groups of Energy, 1. Stored energy Forms of Energy Energy is the ability to do work or move something. Potential

More information

Gases and the atmosphere

Gases and the atmosphere Gases and the atmosphere Chemical reactions in the atmosphere Ozone cycle Ozone depletion Greenhouse effect Global Warming Pollution in the troposphere 1 Gases and the atmosphere Review Composition of

More information

Energy. Energy is the ability to do work or effect change.

Energy. Energy is the ability to do work or effect change. Energy Energy Energy is the ability to do work or effect change. Energy Energy is the ability to do work or effect change. Energy exists in many different forms. Energy carried by electrons in motion.

More information

Exploring Engineering

Exploring Engineering Exploring Engineering An Introduction to Engineering and Design Third Edition Philip Kosky Robert Balmer William Keat George Wise ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM BOSTON HI'IDIU.HURG LONDON * NliW YORK OXFORD PARIS

More information

Core topics. Core topics

Core topics. Core topics Option C: Energy 15/25 hours 140 Essential idea: Societies are completely dependent on energy resources. The quantity of energy is conserved in any conversion but the quality is degraded. C.1 Energy sources

More information

BTEC Unit 1 Physics Revision. Learning Aim E: Energy Stores, Energy Transfers and Energy Transformations

BTEC Unit 1 Physics Revision. Learning Aim E: Energy Stores, Energy Transfers and Energy Transformations BTEC Unit 1 Physics Revision Learning Aim E: Energy Stores, Energy Transfers and Energy Transformations Forms of Energy and Their Uses Kinetic (Mechanical) Description and Use The energy in moving objects.

More information

Gases and the atmosphere

Gases and the atmosphere Gases and the atmosphere Chemical reactions in the atmosphere Ozone cycle Ozone depletion Greenhouse effect Global Warming Pollution in the troposphere 1 Gases and the atmosphere Review Composition of

More information

Renewable Energy Options Solar Photovoltaic Technologies. Lecture-1. Prof. C.S. Solanki Energy Systems Engineering, IIT Bombay

Renewable Energy Options Solar Photovoltaic Technologies. Lecture-1. Prof. C.S. Solanki Energy Systems Engineering, IIT Bombay Renewable Energy Options Solar Photovoltaic Technologies Lecture-1 Prof. C.S. Solanki Energy Systems Engineering, IIT Bombay chetanss@iitb.ac.in Contents Energy Energy Conversion processes Direct and indirect

More information

Section 1. Electricity and Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 1. Electricity and Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 7 Earth s Natural Resources Section 1 Electricity and Your Community What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Compare energy resources used to generate electricity in the United

More information

L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Thermodynamics- review. electromagnetic spectrum. radiation. What produces thermal radiation?

L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Thermodynamics- review. electromagnetic spectrum. radiation. What produces thermal radiation? L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Heat transfer processes convection conduction Physics of the atmosphere the ozone layer Greenhouse effect climate change Thermodynamics- review Thermodynamics is the science dealing

More information

Energy and the Earth. Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation.

Energy and the Earth. Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation. S c i e n c e Energy and the Earth Key words: Incoming Solar Radiation, Electromagnetic wave, Greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, radiation. Energy transfer Heat is energy in transit from warmer

More information

Convection Conduction

Convection Conduction L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Review Heat transfer processes convection conduction Greenhouse effect Climate change Ozone layer Review The temperature of a system is a measure of the average kinetic energy of

More information

Energy. There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis.

Energy. There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis. Energy Energy Energy is all around us There are many different types of energy which we can observe on a daily basis. In this section we will discuss the various forms of energy as well as how they can

More information

Topic # 7 ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Topic # 7 ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Topic # 7 ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION All about the GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, esp. GREENHOUSE GASES! Class Notes pp 37-41 OBJECTIVES: To understand: -- the VERTICALSTRUCTURE of the atmosphere

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY. A First Course. Robert Ehrlich. Lap) CRC Press \V J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York

RENEWABLE ENERGY. A First Course. Robert Ehrlich. Lap) CRC Press \V J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York RENEWABLE ENERGY A First Course Robert Ehrlich Lap) CRC Press \V J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an inform.» business Preface

More information

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 2/28/2013

Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 2/28/2013 Earth s Atmosphere Lecture 14 2/28/2013 MRS 1 Due Tuesday The Earth s atmosphere has changed substantially over our planet s history First gases surrounding Earth were originally hydrogen and helium (during

More information

Renewable Energy in Power Systems

Renewable Energy in Power Systems Renewable Energy in Power Systems Leon Freris Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Loughborough University, UK David Infield Institute of Energy and Environment, University of Strathclyde,

More information

L 18 Thermodynamics [3]

L 18 Thermodynamics [3] L 18 Thermodynamics [3] Review Heat transfer processes convection conduction Greenhouse effect Climate change Ozone layer Review Internal energy sum of all the energy of all atoms in a system The temperature

More information

Sensitivity Analysis. Andrea Saltelli European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy. Karen Chan European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy

Sensitivity Analysis. Andrea Saltelli European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy. Karen Chan European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy Sensitivity Analysis Edited by Andrea Saltelli European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy Karen Chan European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy E. Marian Scott University of Glasgow, UK JOHN

More information

TODAY: TOPIC #6 WRAP UP!! Atmospheric Structure & Composition

TODAY: TOPIC #6 WRAP UP!! Atmospheric Structure & Composition TODAY: TOPIC #6 WRAP UP!! Atmospheric Structure & Composition There s one more thing to correct in our the depiction of incoming Solar....... the atmosphere is NOT totally TRANSPARENT to INCOMING Solar

More information

Polymer Microscopy. Second edition LINDA C. SAWYER. and. DAVID T. GRUBB Cornell University Ithaca, NY USA. Hoechst Celanese Corporation Summit, NJ USA

Polymer Microscopy. Second edition LINDA C. SAWYER. and. DAVID T. GRUBB Cornell University Ithaca, NY USA. Hoechst Celanese Corporation Summit, NJ USA Polymer Microscopy Second edition LINDA C. SAWYER Hoechst Celanese Corporation Summit, NJ USA and DAVID T. GRUBB Cornell University Ithaca, NY USA CHAPMAN & HALL London Glasgow Weinheim New York Tokyo

More information

Energy Resources Introduction

Energy Resources Introduction Energy Resources Introduction 1 Overview Forms of Energy Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Resources A Brief look at Thermodynamics 2 Forms of Energy Form of Energy Description Primary Energy Sources

More information

UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO

UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO UNIT 10: ENERGY ISABEL CORONADO ROMERO 1. WHAT IS ENERGY? Definition: Energy is a physical quantity which produces a change or an effect Unit: International System Joule (J) Other Calorie (cal) 1cal =4,19J

More information

Introduction to Energy

Introduction to Energy Introduction to Energy Get Energized! What are two types of energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. There are two general types

More information

How is the atmosphere different from outer space? a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth

How is the atmosphere different from outer space? a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth Chapter 15 Atmosphere Section 1 Objectives Describe the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Explain why air pressure changes with altitude. Explain how air temperature changes with atmospheric composition.

More information

Carbon Capture and Storage:

Carbon Capture and Storage: Carbon Capture and Storage: Essential and Cost-Effective Key Points Stopping climate change will be hard. Deep cuts in global CO 2 emissions must occur soon, but rising energy demand will probably increase

More information

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere CHAPTER 22 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are the layers of Earth s atmosphere? How has Earth s atmosphere

More information

Characterization. of solid catalysts. 5. Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Prof dr J W (Hans) Niemantsverdriet.

Characterization. of solid catalysts. 5. Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Prof dr J W (Hans) Niemantsverdriet. www.catalysiscourse.com Characterization of solid catalysts 5. Mössbauer Spectroscopy Prof dr J W (Hans) Niemantsverdriet Schuit Institute of Catalysis J.W. Niemantsverdriet, TU/e, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

More information

Triple Beam Balance: add the three together: 700g + 20g + 2.9g = 722.9g Metric base unit for mass is gram.

Triple Beam Balance: add the three together: 700g + 20g + 2.9g = 722.9g Metric base unit for mass is gram. 6 th Grade 2 nd Nine Week CSA Study Guide 2015-16 SOL 6.1b: Make precise and consistent measurements and estimations. Graduated Cylinder: read from the lowest part of the water line curve. Reading: 56ml

More information

Role Of Renewable Energy Sources In Environmental Protection

Role Of Renewable Energy Sources In Environmental Protection International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI) ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 www.ijesi.org PP. 12-17 Role Of Renewable Energy Sources In Environmental Protection Guduri

More information

13. Friction changes mechanical energy into heat energy.

13. Friction changes mechanical energy into heat energy. 1. What basic form of energy is present in radioactive substances. A) nuclear B) chemical C) mechanical D) electrical 2. What basic form of energy is present in a blowing wind? A) nuclear B) chemical C)

More information

3.1 Energy exists in different forms

3.1 Energy exists in different forms Ch 3 Energy 1 3.1 Energy exists in different forms Energy ability to cause a change; different forms of energy cause different changes 1. Mechanical energy involves the position & motion of objects (may

More information

Renewable Energy Sources and

Renewable Energy Sources and Second Edition Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies D.P. Kothari K.C. Singal Rakesh Ranjan Geothermal Earth Ocean waves Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies Second Edition D.P.

More information

Introduction to Forms of Energy

Introduction to Forms of Energy FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.1 Introduction to Forms of Energy This lesson is designed for 3rd 5th grade students in a variety of school settings (public, private, STEM schools, and home schools) in the

More information

Introduction to Forms of Energy

Introduction to Forms of Energy FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.1 Introduction to Forms of Energy This lesson is designed for 3rd 5th grade students in a variety of school settings (public, private, STEM schools, and home schools) in the

More information

Casterlin Environmental Systems pg. 1

Casterlin Environmental Systems pg. 1 s of the Earth's Atmosphere The atmosphere is divided into five layers. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space. 1. The troposphere is the first

More information

Energy Technology & Conservation. Week_02. Instructor: Mr. Adnan Qamar. Mechanical Engineering Department

Energy Technology & Conservation. Week_02. Instructor: Mr. Adnan Qamar. Mechanical Engineering Department 1 Energy Technology & Conservation Week_02 Instructor: Mr. Adnan Qamar Mechanical Engineering Department 2 Lecture Contents Overview of Energy Use World Energy Resources Renewable Energy Non renewable

More information

A LIDAR SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF OIL FILM THICKNESS ON SEA SURFACE *

A LIDAR SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF OIL FILM THICKNESS ON SEA SURFACE * A LIDAR SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF OIL FILM THICKNESS ON SEA SURFACE * Jacek Piskozub, Violetta Drozdowska Institute of Oceanology PAS, Sopot, Poland; email: piskozub@iopan.gda Viktor Varlamov Institute

More information

ILLINOIS LICENSURE TESTING SYSTEM

ILLINOIS LICENSURE TESTING SYSTEM ILLINOIS LICENSURE TESTING SYSTEM FIELD 112 SCIENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE November 2003 Illinois Licensure Testing System FIELD 112 SCIENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE November 2003 Subarea Range of Objectives

More information

Streamflow Measurement

Streamflow Measurement Streamflow Measurement Second edition Reginald W. Herschy Partner, CNS Scientific & Engineering Services Reading, UK E & FN SPON An Imprint of Chapman & Hall London Glasgow Weinheim New York Tokyo - Melbourne

More information

SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION UNDER CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS FOR BRAŞOV AREA (ROMANIA) LINKE TURBIDITY FACTOR

SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION UNDER CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS FOR BRAŞOV AREA (ROMANIA) LINKE TURBIDITY FACTOR SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION UNDER CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS FOR BRAŞOV AREA (ROMANIA) LINKE TURBIDITY FACTOR Elena EFTIMIE Transilvania University of Braşov, Romania Abstract. The determination of solar radiation

More information

SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON

SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON SOURCES OF ENERGY KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON Characteristics of a good fuel: (iv) High calorific value (v) Less smoke (vi) Less residue after burning (vii) Easy availability (viii) Inexpensive (ix)

More information

Summary Energy Conversion and Conservation

Summary Energy Conversion and Conservation Summary 15.1 and Its Forms is the ability to do work. Recall that work is done when a force moves an object. When work is done on an object, energy is transferred, or passed on, to that object. Therefore,

More information

Renewable. Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades.

Renewable. Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades. Energy Resources Renewable Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades. Nonrenewable Resources Nonrenewable resources take millions of years

More information

Overview of renewable energy

Overview of renewable energy Overview of renewable energy Outline What is renewable energy? Renewable energy sources Renewable energy technologies: - Characteristics - Uses What is renewable energy? Energy that doesn t run out! Energy

More information

Contact Details. Dr Alexander Galkin. Office: MBC Room 186. Tel: (028) Frequency and wavelength.

Contact Details. Dr Alexander Galkin. Office: MBC Room 186. Tel: (028) Frequency and wavelength. Contact Details The electromagnetic spectrum Biological Spectroscopy Dr Alexander Galkin Email: a.galkin@qub.ac.uk Dr Alexander Galkin MSc Biomolecular Function - BBC8045 Office: MBC Room 186 Tel: (028)

More information

Physics 171, Physics and Society Quiz 1 1pm Thurs Sept 14, 2017 Each question has one correct answer, or none (choose e on the clicker). 1.

Physics 171, Physics and Society Quiz 1 1pm Thurs Sept 14, 2017 Each question has one correct answer, or none (choose e on the clicker). 1. Quiz 1 1pm Thurs Sept 14, 2017 Each question has one correct answer, or none (choose e on the clicker). 1. Maria is riding her bicycle on a flat road at 10 mi/hr. Then she squeezes the brakes and comes

More information