INDONESIA BIOMASS ENERGY : IT S A DREAM??
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1 INDONESIA BIOMASS ENERGY : IT S A DREAM?? Roy Hendroko Setyobudi Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani Tony Liwang / royhendroko@yahoo.com roy_hendroko@hotmail.com Guest Lecture Series: Prospecting Biomass for Future Energy Society for Biological Engineering Universitas Indonesia Student Chapter Part of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Depok, 10th October 2013
2 MAIN TOPICS Lay Out 1. Definition and Legal Basis 2. First and Second Generation 3. Bioenergy working field Biomass 4. Why it has to be BBN: 3 Aspects Review 5. Indonesian Biomass Potential 6. Target and Achievement 7. Is it a dream?
3 Biomass ENERGY Plants & animals = biologic BBN BioFuel Pytofuel X X Biofuel = fuel from BIO biological material BBH living organisms Bio = biomass
4 What is BIOMASS? Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. In the context of biomass for energy this is often used to mean plant based material, but biomass can equally apply to both animal and vegetable derived material Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-derived materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass
5 2 nd Generation BBN / BBN G2 Biodiesel Biomass Gasification Fischer Tropsch Shynthesis Advantages of 2 nd Generation Bio-fuel Materials : Harvest residue, processing waste, manure, city waste, kemurgi plants and algae (plants specifically planted as energy crops) Advantages of 2 nd generation bio-fuel : No competition with food & feed/ fodder Cheap materials Bioethanol Biomass Pretreatment Biomass Cellulose Conversion Fermentation & Recovery Product Product Product
6 Overview 1 st Generation BBN / BBN G1 Biodiesel 1 st Generation Bio-fuel Problems Bio-ethanol CPO SugarJuice Starch Transesterification Competition with food-feed/fodder Expensive materials Limited supply of continuous materials Unable to compete with imported products both in quality and price Land use policy and rules Slow moving investment incentive Negative impact on biodiversity Fermentation Saccharification Fermentation Product Product Product
7
8 Biomass = relatively new organic materials from plants/animals; cultivation industry products and wastes (agriculture, plantation, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery) Soerawidjaja TH 2011; Hendroko, R Solid and liquid biomass Agricultural waste biomass Biomass from villages and cities Prastowo, B The Important Role of Agricultural Biomass Feed Organic material Energy source
9 Two main pillars : Food (+ feed) BBN (biofuels) Plus two complementary pillars : Biomass electricity Chemical products and bio-based materials/ bio- based chemicals industry. Soerawidjaja TH 2013
10 Other prospects for green chemical industry Anaerobic digestion process is divided into four stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. By controlling the process condition (especially the ph), the acetogenesis and methanogenesis stages can be deactivated; thus the process stops at acidogenesis stage. The extractable products of this broth are volatile fatty acids (VFA): acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids. Propionic, butyric, and valeric acids can be use as raw materials for alcohol-propanol, butanol, pentanol.
11 Law of the Republic of Indonesia No on Energy Anyone has the right to obtain energy (Article 19 verse 1) The provision and utilization of new energy and renewable energy shall be enhanced by the government and the regional government.(article 20 verse 4 and Article 21 verse 2)
12 INDONESIA BIO-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTION Types of Bio-energy Unit Biofuel Juta KL 0,36 2,69 5,80 13,51 Biodiesel Juta KL 0,359 2,35 4,73 9,52 Bioethanol Juta KL 0 0,20 0,80 3,45 Biooil Juta KL 0 0,13 0,27 0,54 BioAvtur Juta KL 0 0 0,14 0,16 Biogas Juta m3 1,606 7,762 28, ,012 Biomass MWe Notes: Projection of final energy Unit: based on bioenergy commodity unit Dadan Kusdiana, 2013
13 INDONESIA BIO-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POLICY Total Energy ENERGY MIX PROJECTION MILLION SBM , , , , , , , Biomass BBN Waste Biomass (Electricity) Geothermal Energy Water Energy Tidal Energy Solar Energy Other Renewable Fuel , Gas , Coal , , , New energy (nuclear and Others) Subtotal Biomass , Subtotal ET Non Biomass , Subtotal ET , , Total EBT , , , Source: Draft of National Energy Policy, DEN 2012 Production of Bioenergy is projected above other EBT total production in 2040
14 K.KRISHAN, 2009
15 CHARACTERISTICS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Availability COMPONENTS BIOENERGY OTHER RENEWABLES Mainly affected by human efforts Relying on nature Time of Use Can be kept and transported Have to be used on location Continuity Relying on management Mainly relying on nature Final Energy Form Solid, liquid, gas, electricity (keep developing) Generally electricity Material Trait Generally buyable Mostly free Chance of Development Very potential Very potential Technology Simple - complex Simple - complex Spreadability All over Indonesia Limited to certain regions (except solar) D. Kusdiana, 2013
16 Types of Biofuel Soerawidjaja TH 2011; Hendroko, R. 2013? Liquid biofuel : biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-oil Gaseous biofuel, e.g. biogas. True? Solid biofuel : pelleted, briquetted, etc Common mistake : BBN/ biofuel is liquid!!! Which one is most important? PPO SVO Different? Pure Plant Oil / Straight Vegetable Oil Minyak Nabati Murni? Bio-kerosin Mitanol
17 Sivasamy, A. et al 2007
18
19
20
21 Why It has to be BBN - Biofuel?? ENERGY Security Pro Job, Pro Growth, Pro Poor Global WARMING and pollution Economic and trade balance
22 BBN = Pro Job To produce 2,500 BOE/day: Fuel & Gas need 750 persons, Biodiesel need 10,000 persons (30,00 Ha) Law of RI No on Energy Prioritizing the fulfillment of the community s requirements and the improvement of economic activities in the region producing energy sources. (Article 21 verse 1c) To produce 2,500 BOE/day of: Fuel & Gas need 750 persons, Bioethanol need 7,000 persons, (22,500 Ha)
23 Why choose BBN Biofuel?? We have quite vast land, 59 million Ha of them are categorized as degraded land We have sunlight all year long We have well spread rainfall We have varied BBN source plants which are suitable with each region climate Most Indonesian people live in the villages. They are farmers who are used to cultivating land BBN is a RE, lowtech, OXIGENATING AGENT UNIQUE because of all RE, BBN is the only one that can relatively substitute Transportation Fuel Efficient and effective in relation to the use of available source Production decentralization to achieve energy democracy for better national defend.
24 Million Barrel / Year OIL PRODUCTION PROFILE Prijono, 2011
25 Faizal Basri 2013
26 Petroleum Import by Origin Country ( ) Fuels Import ( ) (Herman, 2011)
27 Nominal Prices of Global Oil Since 1973 Shows Increasing Prices! Until 2015, estimated nominal price of oil above US$ 120/bbls Kurtubi, 2009
28 Panigoro, H, 19 Okt 2011
29 INDONESIAN FUEL and ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY of Source : Yudha, S,W, 2013.
30 DEFICIT of SUBSIDY ENERGY Anggito, A. 2011
31 Central Government Costs Oil Revenues is Rp. 178 trilion, fuels subsidy is Rp. 240 trilion Faizal Basri 2013
32 Oil Deficit (in Trilion Rupiah) Faizal Basri 2013
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