Asphalt concrete mixtures with high RA content Design and performance
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1 Asphalt concrete mixtures with high RA content s:, design performance a, LNEC, 25 March 2010 Maria de Lurdes Antunes, LNEC Fátima Batista, LNEC Luís Picado Santos, FCT UC António Baptista, IPV Paulo Pereira, UM Jorge Pais, UM Road
2 Background: Hot mix asphalt recycling in Portugal > First known applications of RA in the production of hot mix asphalt concrete in Portugal >Growing interest in asphalt recycling since then > LNEC published E 472 (Guide for the production of recycled hot mix asphalt); reviewed 2009 >2009 Review of E 472 Road s:, design performance
3 Background: Hot mix asphalt recycling in Portugal >2009 New specifications for highway works (Estradas de Portugal) include provisions for use of RA in Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) >Many CE marked HMAC in Portugal include up to 20% of RA >Higher percentages of RA are used in specific cases Road s:, design performance
4 Objectives >To discuss the main issues associated with the used of high RA contents in HMAC >To present research results concerning mix design performance of HMAC with high RA Project REPARE (LNEC + FCT UC + UM) Road s:, design performance
5 Main issues associated with high RA content in HMAC >Technology No longer an issue >Mix design >Grading of aggregate mixture >Binder properties >Variability Too many fines Properties of final blend? Road s:, design performance
6 Control of variability in HMAC with RA At the asphalt plant >Separation of RA into 2 or more stockpiles According to RA particle size More flexibility to adjust aggregate gradation Better consistency of binder content (finer particles will have higher content) >Blending the materials to get a uniform stockpile Road s:, design performance
7 Control of variability in HMAC with RA At the lab >Test several samples for aggregate gradation binder content properties Reblend the materials if variability is too high >Use representative samples of RA for mix design Blend diferent samples to get a representative sample Road s:, design performance
8 Early applications of HMAC using RA Rehabilitation of EN 105 road pavement (1999) Road s:, design performance
9 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Mix composition (binder course) 40 % Reclaimed Asphalt 15 % Aggregate 14/20 10 % Aggregate 10/14 10 % Aggregate 6/10 23 % Fine aggregate 0/6 2 % Aded filler Virgin bitumen: pen 35/50 Final binder content:5,4 % Road s:, design performance
10 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Grading of aggregate mixture EN 105 Hot mix asphalt concrete with 40% RA % de material pas ssado ,01 0, abertura dos peneiros (mm) fuso C.E. da Obra Mistura de agregados composta Agregados do material fresado Road s:, design performance
11 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Binder properti ies Road s:, design performance Penetration, 0,1 mm Softening point, ºC Recovered binder (from RA) Final blend PEN 35/50 Virgin bitumen t AB (ºC) 50/ Final blend Content of virgin bitumen in the final blend
12 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Stiffness fatigue Road 4 PB (f=10hz; t = 22ºC) FWD tests E > 5000 Mpa (@ ~20ºC) Stiffness: E 4000 MPa Field testing Lab testing Road s:, design performance Extensão (µm/m) Vigas de mistura reciclada em central Mistura convencional, tipo macadame betuminoso Número de aplicações de carga (ESH, LNEC)
13 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Resistance to permanent deformation Wheel tracking tests (t = 60ºC) 8,00 Deformação (mm) 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 L1 L2 V (x10-3 mm/min) ,00 (WT, LNEC) 0, Tempo (minutos) Road s:, design performance
14 Rehabilitation of EN 105 Still in good shape after 10 years! Road s:, design performance
15 HMAC with high RA content Laboratory investigation >Laboratory mixtures produced with the following materials: RA milled from motorway A1 (Pombal / Condeixa); 5,1% binder content (pen 14 x 0,1mm). Virgin binder: o Pen 35/50 o Pen 50/70 o Pen 70/100 Virgin aggregates: limestone >Follow-up of previous studies concerning mixtures with up to 40% RA (António Baptista, 2006) Road s:, design performance
16 HMAC with 60-70% RA Aggregate grading Road Fuso-l1 % passin ng Fuso-l2 70% Mat.Fres. 60% Mat.Fres. No aded filler Only 15/25 mm virgin aggregates ,01 0, sieve size (mm) Road s:, design performance
17 Marshall mix design for HMAC (1/3) 70% RA; pen 50/70 virgin binder Density 2425 Void content 13, , ,0 ρb (kg/m3) 2350 Vv (%) 7, , , ,0 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Pb (%) Pb (%) Road s:, design performance
18 Marshall mix design for HMAC (2/3) 70% RA; pen 50/70 virgin binder Marshall stability Flow 33,5 5,0 28,5 4,5 23,5 4,0 S (kn) 18,5 F (mm) 3,5 13,5 3,0 8,5 2,5 3,5 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Pb (%) 2,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Pb (%) Road s:, design performance
19 Marshall mix design for HMAC (3/3) 70% RA; pen 50/70 virgin binder Voids in Mineral Aggregate 18,0 17,0 16,0 VMA (%) 15,0 14,0 13,0 12,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Pb (%) Selected binder content: 5,0 % (total) Road s:, design performance
20 HMAC with 70% RA; 50/70 pen virgin binder Marshall characteristics water sensitivity Bulk Void Marshall Marshall VMA ITSR Density content Stability Flow (Mg/m 3 ) (%) (kn) (mm) (%) (%) Results 2,395 2,9 25,4 2,8 13,4 100 EP specification , Road s:, design performance
21 HMAC with 70% RA; 50/70 pen virgin binder Wheel tracking test Road s:, design performance
22 HMAC with 70% RA; 50/70 pen virgin binder Stiffness Stiffness (M MPa) Road s:, design performance 0 f=10hz f=5hz f=2hz f=1hz f=0.5hz f=0.2hz f=0.1hz Temperature (ºC)
23 HMAC with 70% RA; 50/70 pen virgin binder Stiffness 100,0 Phase angl le (º) 10,0 f=0.1hz f=0.2hz f=0.5hz f=1hz f=2hz f=5hz f=10hz 1, Temperature (ºC) Road s:, design performance
24 HMAC with 70% RA; 50/70 pen virgin binder Fatigue (25ºC; 10 Hz) Virgin binder: pen 50/70 Tensile stra ain (x 10-6) E+02 1E+03 1E+04 70% 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 Number of load applications Road s:, design performance
25 HMAC with high RA content Laboratory mixtures RA Virgin binder (pen grade) Final binder content 0 35/ ,2% 20 % 35/50 50/70-4,3% 30 % 35/50 50/70 70/100 4,4% 40 % 35/50 50/70 70/100 4,7% 70 % - 50/70 70/100 5,0% Road s:, design performance
26 Fatigue of laboratory mixtures with RA 25ºC; 10 Hz) Virgin binder: pen 50/ Tensile strain (x ) % 40% 70% E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 Number of load applications Road s:, design performance
27 Fatigue of laboratory mixtures with RA 25ºC; 10 Hz) 30% RA Tensile strain (x ) B35/50 B50/70 B70/ E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 Number of load applications Road s:, design performance
28 Fatigue of laboratory mixtures with RA 25ºC; 10 Hz) 40% RA Tensile strain (x ) B35/50 B50/70 B70/ E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 Number of load applications Road s:, design performance
29 Final remarks >Using high RA content in HMAC Need extra care to control variability Dificult to comply with stard (empirical) specifications You can still achieve good performance! >Future work Assess ageing of mixtures with high RA Move to performance specifications Road s:, design performance
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