Evaluation of the potential implementation of a FWS within an Italian natural wetland for the area restoration and maintenance: Torre Flavia Wetland

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Evaluation of the potential implementation of a FWS within an Italian natural wetland for the area restoration and maintenance: Torre Flavia Wetland"

Transcription

1 Evaluation of the potential implementation of a FWS within an Italian natural wetland for the area restoration and maintenance: Torre Flavia Wetland Session Integrated water management through natural systems Tallin Gianpaolo Sabia, Luigi Petta ENEA-Waste and Wastewaters Laboratory USER-R4R Filippo Moretti, ENEA-Agrifood Sustainability, Quality and Safety Laboratory BIOAGSOQUAS

2 WATER-DROP PROJECT WATER DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES OPPORTUNITY POLICIES FOR THE WATER MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS PARTNERSHIP ITALIAN PILOT ACTION: TORRE FLAVIA NATURAL WETLAND Funded by the European Union under the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme Duration: 24 months (December December 2015) Website: water-drop.enea.it Project manager : Filippo Moretti ENEA..among the expected results: A better Water Cycle Management achieved in the target areas including improved management of the Italian Torre Flavia area (Rome)

3 State of the Art: Site history and background The wetland is the residual part of a wide system of marshland and salty ponds extended for hundreds of hectares at the beginning of the last century. Natural (sediment entrapment, deposition of plant debris and organic residues, erosion) and human activities (soil disposal land reclamations) reduced its extension and actually the wetland has a 16 ha extension Up to 2007, some local fish farming operators appropriate managing actions allowing an effective wetland water level control, and avoiding the area filling risks. After the closure of the productive activities, Province of Rome decided to keep the area flooded all year long instead of allowing the natural rotation of dry and wet periods in relation to seasons. Currently, a regular freshwater supply which is required with a cost of about euro/y. Main wetland sub-areas and related extension. Area Extension (ha) Beach Area Submerged area (open water) Area (4.15) Dried up area Area Area of renovation work Area Total Area Area

4 Wetland water balance 600 Rain-ETP (mm) Monthly Rain (mm) Monthly ETP (mm) Rain-ETP (m3) Freshwater provided (m3) January 2013 July 2013 January 2014 July 2014 January 2015 July 2015 December January 2013 July 2013 January 2014 July 2014 January 2015 July 2015 December 2015 For a total average amount of about 750 mm/year the wetland area input was calculated as m 3 /year whereas water loss by potential evapotranspiration was m 3 /year During the warmer season the combined effect of higher evapotranspiration rates, an insufficient rainfall supply and low water inputs from the existing natural channels connected to the wetland, would imply drought issue and burying phenomena mainly due to the deposition of plant debris and organic residues during the wet-dry alternating conditions. The Controlling Authority provided during the three-year period an average amount of m 3 /year of freshwater to regulate the wetland water level.

5 1 step: Analysis of Wetland fluxes and water quality Input 1: The inlet point of the fresh water supplied for the water level control Station 8 ) Input 2: The input from a ditch collecting runoff water coming from the surrounding agricultural fields and from Fosso di Torre Flavia channel (@ Station 3) Output: wetland outlet to the sea by means a floodgate (@ Station 7) Monitoring plan: 4 campaigns (ember 2014, ch, May and ember 2015) in 10 monitoring stations Samples in triplicate Parameters: ph, DO, EC, T, TDS, Salinity, ORP, BOD, COD, NH 4 N, NO 2 -N, NO 3 -N, PO 4 -P Data processing: Cluster analysis to classify and group the monitoring stations on the basis of the parameter trends similarity Data aggregation by means Water Quality Index (WQI) WQI= wipi Weights for WQI derived by means of a Factor Analysis

6 mg/l CA grouping and monitoring results Tree diagram for the 10 stations (Ward s method rotation, Euclidean distance) 2.0 NH4-N NO2-N NO3-N PO4-P With the exception for nitrate in Cl.A in, nitrogen and phosphate values were higher on e in all the stations 1.0 Cl.A stations reported the highest nutrient values likely due to the presence of the drain channel in correspondence of the ST3 (water runoff from the surrounding fields and unidentified uncontrolled discharges) 0.0

7 mg/l mgo2/l Monitoring results BOD5/COD COD BOD5 BOD 5 values were almost stable (around 5 mgo 2 L 1 ) in all the stations. COD values reached maximum values on e with a decline in the following monitored periods. runoff The BOD 5 /COD ratio showed the higher value for all the grouped stations on ch, whereas its maximum value was reported on ember in Cl.C, indicating higher organic pollutant degradability TDS EC and TDS showed a gradual increase from ch to ember. EC To be highlighted: The pollutant concentration effect due to water losses in warmer seasons. The dilution of pollutants due to the freshwater supply affecting differently the wetland sub-basins as identified by CA groupings The freshwater supplies probably promoted transport mechanisms of particulate materials among wetland sectors.

8 WQI results FA weights N-NH 4 N-NO 2 N-NO 3 P-PO 4 COD BOD 5 DO ph ORP TDS BOD 5/COD Seasonal and spatial variation of the WQI 5 4 ST 4 ST 9 ST 8 ST 3ST 2 ST 4 ST 8ST 10 ST 10 ST 5ST 1 ST 6ST 9 ST 5 ST 7 ST 7 ST Sep Sep 3 ST 3 ST 2 ST 1 3 Sep 2 Sep 2 ST 1 ST 2 ST 3 ST 4 ST 5 ST 6 ST 7 ST 8 ST 9 ST 10 The WQI provided a global and concise view of the wetland water status and highlighted a spatial diversification of the water quality for the three identified groups of stations The water quality decreased during the summer season, especially on e ST8-9 water quality increased on ember contrarily to ST1 for the increase of Nitrates, BOD 5, COD, TDS and EC. The stations belonging to the ClA, evidenced more clearly an increase in the water status on ember as consequence of the freshwater contribution capable to promote pollutant dilution and transportation processes of soluble and particulate materials towards the other wetland sub-basins. ST1-2-3 (ClC) would belong to a wetland zone less interested by water exchanges also when freshwater is delivered: no effective changes in the water quality status were evidenced from e to ember.

9 2 step: hypothesis on the use of Ladispoli WWTP Wetland use as FWS receiving treated wastewaters from a local UWWTP in order to restore the water balance, achieve economic savings assuring no environmental impacts Wetland Connection Pipe (1000 mt) WWTP Inlet x m ±d.std Outlet x m ±d.std ƞ % max D.Lgs. 152/2006 Discharge onto soil D.M. 185/2003 ph 7.46± ± EC (µs/cm) 972.± ± SST (mg/l) 142± ± COD (mg/l) 304± ± BOD 5 (mg/l) 129± ± Ammonia (mg NH 4 /L) 45.2 ± ± Ammonia (mg NH 4 -N/L) 35.2± ± Nitrite (mg NO 2 -N/L) 0.85± ± Nitrate (mg N-NO 3 /L) 3.78± ± TN * (mg N/L) 39.8± ± Treated Water Outlet The monitoring campaign included the analytical characterization of Ladispoli UWWTP ( P.E.) influent and effluent wastewater in order to verify the water compliance with the normative limits. The plant showed good performances in pollutant removal Taking into account more restrictive laws, nitrogen values exceeded the defined limits. Wetland auto-depurative capacity was assessed through common empirical plug flow models (Model k-c* (Kadlec e Knight, 1996), Model monoparametric (Reed, Crites & Middlebrooks 1998)

10 Modelling Approach Model k-c* (Kadlec e Knight, 1996) Model monoparametric (Reed, Crites & Middlebrooks 1998) FWS are approximated to different plug-flow systems in series Semi-empirical coefficients to estimate the removal kinetics of the main pollutants Evaluations carried out for both summer and winter conditions Assumed flowrate from the Ladispoli UWWTP of m 3 Geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the system Units Value Depth h m 1 Porosity ɛ FWS Surface Aw m Volume Vw m Influent flux Qo m 3 /d HRT d 2.7 HSL q m/d 0.12 Models applied to calculate the maximum pollutant loads potentially deliverable to the FWS system ensuring the compliance with wastewater discharge onto soil (D.Lgs. 152/2006) and wastewater re-use (D.M. 185/2003).

11 Model results Model results a maximum admissible pollutant concentrations Reed Model Kadlec model Parameter Summer conditions mg L -1 max Winter conditions Winter Summer conditions conditions mg L -1 max BOD BOD NH NH SST 73.0 N tot NO According to models, ammonia represents the limiting parameter during the winter season. Referring to the maximum NH4 concentration observed at the UWWTP effluent (14.44 mg L-1), and taking into account the Kadlec s result the admissible flowrate should be modulated to m 3 d -1 corresponding to about 17% of the average annual Ladispoli UWWTP effluent flow. In this view, the HRT rises to 28.5 days and results adequate to remove organic and nitrogen pollutants. It is worth noting as the wetland requires external water contributions to restore the hydric balance during warmer seasons when the biological process rates are higher as well as the natural pollutant removal mechanisms. Therefore, a sustainable scenario may exclude the UWWTP effluent contribution during the winter season, when the models show a greater wetland system sensitivity towards pollutants loads. The models showed as using the UWWTP effluent to tackle the water stress during warmer season would not imply any environmental impacts

12 Hypothesised operational actions and benefit vs costs The Area 4, recently interested by operational works, could serve as a pre-treatment step for the WWTP effluent. A CWS could be designed and implemented to reduce eventual pollutant load by promoting natural processes. Firstly, freshwater to be providied up to the development of a structured natural ecosystem with vegetation coverage (Phragmites australis) Secondly, effluent from WWTP would be supplied. Potential enlargement to Area 3 To be evaluated: Costs Costs: Pipeline and equipment Land displacement Management Water quality monitoring Naturalistic paths building Contaminants and sediment are filtered Bacteria breakdown contaminants Benefits: Environmental development Increase biodiversity and landscape Economical and recreational activities Coastline protection, erosion control Availability of water at a low cost

13 Thank you for the attention! Session Integrated water management through natural systems Tallin Under review: Ecological Engineering Journal Contacts: Luigi Petta, ENEA SSPT-USERR4 Filippo Moretti, ENEA SSPT-BIOAG-SOQUAS Gianpaolo Sabia, ENEA SSPT-USER R4R Riccardo Ceccarelli: free consultant

WATER DROP PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRAINS

WATER DROP PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRAINS WATER DROP PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRAINS Riccardo Ceccarelli Independent Consultant Former Project Coordinator 1 WATER DROP WATER DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES OPPORTUNITY POLICIES FOR THE WATER MANAGEMENT

More information

COMPACT WETLAND SYSTEM FOR URBAN AREA IN JAPAN

COMPACT WETLAND SYSTEM FOR URBAN AREA IN JAPAN COMPACT WETLAND SYSTEM FOR URBAN AREA IN JAPAN Keigo Nakamura *, Osamu Miki ** and Yukihiro Shimatani * * River Environment Division, Environment Department, Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of

More information

The use of aeration in VSSF to reduce land area requirements in CWs

The use of aeration in VSSF to reduce land area requirements in CWs The use of aeration in VSSF to reduce land area requirements in CWs Angela Renata Cordeiro Ortigara, Paola Foladori, Jenny Ruaben, Gianni Andreottola June 2013 Contents Mountain context Aerated VSSF methods

More information

CHAPTER 4 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS WASTEWATER FLOWS

CHAPTER 4 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS WASTEWATER FLOWS CHAPTER 4 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS Wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal facilities are designed to handle specific hydraulic and pollutant loads for 20 or more years after they are constructed.

More information

Analysis of Residential Subsurface. SF constructed wetlands. Performance in Northern Alabama

Analysis of Residential Subsurface. SF constructed wetlands. Performance in Northern Alabama Analysis of Residential Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands Performance in Northern Alabama CONTRIBUTING WRITER Kathleen M. Leonard Ph.D., P.E. ABSTRACT Constructed wetlands are becoming increasingly

More information

A Hybrid Constructed Wetland System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment

A Hybrid Constructed Wetland System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment A Hybrid Constructed Wetland System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment C. Kinsley 1, A. Crolla 1, J. Rode 1,2, R. Zytner 2 1 Ontario Rural Wastewater Centre, Université de Guelph-Campus d Alfred 2

More information

Design Features of Constructed Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Treatment. September 1995

Design Features of Constructed Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Treatment. September 1995 Design Features of Constructed Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Treatment September 1995 Brochure written by William W. Jones, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

More information

MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF THE WATER REUSE PROJECT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES AT THE AIGUAMOLLS DE L EMPORDÀ NATURE RESERVE

MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF THE WATER REUSE PROJECT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES AT THE AIGUAMOLLS DE L EMPORDÀ NATURE RESERVE MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF THE WATER REUSE PROJECT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES AT THE AIGUAMOLLS DE L EMPORDÀ NATURE RESERVE Lluís Sala and Manel Serra. Consorci de la Costa Brava Anna Huguet, Joan Colom and

More information

Controlling runon and runoff:

Controlling runon and runoff: Chapter 8. Surface Water Management This chapter explores: runon and runoff what they are, and the risks associated with them. various management options runon reductions, runoff catchbasins, vegetated

More information

CSR Process Simulations Can Help Municipalities Meet Stringent Nutrient Removal Requirements

CSR Process Simulations Can Help Municipalities Meet Stringent Nutrient Removal Requirements CSR Process Simulations Can Help Municipalities Meet Stringent Nutrient Removal Requirements Continuous Flow Sequencing Reactor (CSR) Basin with Moving Bridge, Submerged Diffusers, and Stationary Diffusers

More information

concep pts and results Heidelberg-Neurott Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Tosca Zech, Dipl.-Ing. Marius Mohr

concep pts and results Heidelberg-Neurott Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Tosca Zech, Dipl.-Ing. Marius Mohr Decentralised wastewater treatment in Knittlingen and Heidelberg-Neurott concep pts and results Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Tosca Zech, Dipl.-Ing. Marius Mohr Summer school for environmental protection, Water

More information

Spatial distribution of ORP and its correlationship with microbial population in a novel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland

Spatial distribution of ORP and its correlationship with microbial population in a novel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland Spatial distribution of ORP and its correlationship with microbial population in a novel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland J. Zhai, k.j. Ning, Q. He, H.W.Xiao Chongqing University Jan. 25

More information

Nitrogen Transformation within Constructed Wetlands Purifying Secondary Treated Sewage

Nitrogen Transformation within Constructed Wetlands Purifying Secondary Treated Sewage Nitrogen Transformation within Constructed Wetlands Purifying Secondary Treated Sewage T. Y. Yeh 1,*, C. M. Kao 2 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung,

More information

Appendix X: Non-Point Source Pollution

Appendix X: Non-Point Source Pollution Appendix X: Non-Point Source Pollution Sources Nonpoint source of pollution, unlike pollution from industrial and sewage treatment plants, comes from many different sources. Nonpoint source pollution is

More information

REED BED TREATMENT SYSTEMS AS AN AFFORDABLE AND RELIABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR SOLVING SANITARY EMERGENCIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH TROPICAL CLIMATE

REED BED TREATMENT SYSTEMS AS AN AFFORDABLE AND RELIABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR SOLVING SANITARY EMERGENCIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH TROPICAL CLIMATE REED BED TREATMENT SYSTEMS AS AN AFFORDABLE AND RELIABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR SOLVING SANITARY EMERGENCIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH TROPICAL CLIMATE Fabio Masi*, Luciano Giovannelli**, Victoria Cortés***,

More information

Dundalk Wastewater Treatment Plant

Dundalk Wastewater Treatment Plant Township of Southgate Dundalk Wastewater Treatment Plant 2017 Annual Report Staff Report PW2018-010 - Dundalk Wastewater Treatment Plant 2017 Annual Report Moved by Councillor Pallister, Seconded by Councillor

More information

Treatment performance of a free water surface constructed wetland system receiving sugar factory effluents in the Lake Victoria region

Treatment performance of a free water surface constructed wetland system receiving sugar factory effluents in the Lake Victoria region Treatment performance of a free water surface constructed wetland system receiving sugar factory effluents in the Lake Victoria region Introduction The demand for efficient wastewater treatment in the

More information

Module 1: CHAPTER FOUR PHYSICAL PROCESSES

Module 1: CHAPTER FOUR PHYSICAL PROCESSES Module 1: CHAPTER FOUR PHYSICAL PROCESSES Objectives: To know physical processes that are important in the movement of pollutants through the environment and processes used to control and treat pollutant

More information

WASA Quiz Review. Chapter 2

WASA Quiz Review. Chapter 2 WASA Quiz Review Chapter 2 Question#1 What is surface runoff? part of the water cycle that flows over land as surface water instead of being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating Question #2 What are

More information

ENGINEERED WETLAND TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT. Sheldon Smith March 28, Photo Optional

ENGINEERED WETLAND TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT. Sheldon Smith March 28, Photo Optional ENGINEERED WETLAND TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE STORMWATER QUALITY TREATMENT Sheldon Smith March 28, 2012 Photo Optional TWO BASIC TYPES OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Stormwater (SW) Wetlands Treatment Wetlands A Stormwater

More information

Presentation Outline

Presentation Outline Presentation Outline Nitrification/denitrification refresher Treatment technologies available for nitrification and BNR/ENR What is the problem? BNR/ENR VPDES permitting Causes of reduced BNR performance

More information

Baltimore City Department of Public Works

Baltimore City Department of Public Works Baltimore City Department of Public Works Back River WWTP Process and Construction Overview Michael F. Gallagher, Chief Wastewater Facilities Division Wastewater Treatment Chesapeake Bay Restoration Water

More information

Wood Canyon Emergent Wetland Project. City of Aliso Viejo 12 Journey, Suite 100 Aliso Viejo, CA 92656

Wood Canyon Emergent Wetland Project. City of Aliso Viejo 12 Journey, Suite 100 Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 Wood Canyon Emergent Wetland Project City of Aliso Viejo 12 Journey, Suite 100 Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 Introduction Wood Canyon is located within Aliso and Wood Canyon Regional Park in southwest Orange County,

More information

Acidity and Alkalinity:

Acidity and Alkalinity: Evaluation of Pollution Sources to Lake Glenville Quarterly Report December 2018 Kimberlee K Hall, PhD Environmental Health Program, Western Carolina University Summary Chemical and microbial analysis

More information

SUBSURFACE - FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND : PROPOSED DESIGN AREA FOR HIGH STRENGTH EFFLUENT DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

SUBSURFACE - FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND : PROPOSED DESIGN AREA FOR HIGH STRENGTH EFFLUENT DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SUBSURFACE - FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND : PROPOSED DESIGN AREA FOR HIGH STRENGTH EFFLUENT DOMESTIC WASTEWATER Roslinda Seswoya 1, Mohammad Yusri Zainal 2 Lecturer 1, Researcher 2,, Faculty of Civil and Environmental

More information

Understanding Agriculture And Clean Water

Understanding Agriculture And Clean Water 1 IOWA CHAPTER Understanding Agriculture And Clean Water Clean Water Act Established in 1972, the Clean Water Act (CWA) created the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into water bodies

More information

Upgrade of an Oxidation Ditch Using Bio-Mass Carriers

Upgrade of an Oxidation Ditch Using Bio-Mass Carriers Upgrade of an Oxidation Ditch Using Bio-Mass Carriers Nir Assulin and Yigal Master Aqwise - Wise Water Technologies Ltd. The Problem Oxidation ditches (OD) are very popular wastewater treatment processes

More information

The National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension

The National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension The National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension Treatment and Reuse of Wastewater Using Surface and Subsurface Wetlands Dr. Luna Al-Hadidi 13th IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and

More information

TALBINGO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE. Kay White

TALBINGO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE. Kay White TALBINGO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE Paper Presented by: Kay White Authors: Kay White, Senior Process Engineer, Tanya Luo, Graduate Civil Engineer, Li Lern Lau, Process Engineer, SMEC Australia

More information

New Developments in BioWin 5.3

New Developments in BioWin 5.3 New Developments in BioWin 5.3 December 6, 2017 BioWin 5.3 contains a new Granular Sludge Sequencing Tank element to model this process, which is gaining acceptance worldwide as an effective wastewater

More information

OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Authors: Andrea Giordano Luigi Petta ENEA, Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l Energia e l Ambiente Bologna, Italy Keywords: Maintenance, Wastewater,

More information

Reutilización de Aguas Residuales en la Agricultura

Reutilización de Aguas Residuales en la Agricultura Reutilización de Aguas Residuales en la Agricultura San Juan, Puerto Rico June 1, 2016 Dr. Gregory Morris PhD, PE gmorris@glmengineers.com San Juan, Puerto Rico Coamo reservoir (fully sedimented) Santa

More information

Long-term change of stream water quality as a consequence of watershed development and management

Long-term change of stream water quality as a consequence of watershed development and management Long-term change of stream water quality as a consequence of watershed development and management T. Kinouchi, K. Musiake Department of Environment System Management, Fukushima University, Japan kinouchi@sss.fukushima-u.ac.jp.

More information

Effluent polishing in constructed wetlands in the United States

Effluent polishing in constructed wetlands in the United States Effluent polishing in constructed wetlands in the United States Robert Gearheart Environmental Resources Engineering Department Humboldt State University Arcata California, USA Type of Wetlands Used for

More information

RESEARCH PROPOSAL GROUP 1 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY ASSESSMENT. Group Members 1. Siriphat Sirikunpitak (Prince of Songkla University)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL GROUP 1 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY ASSESSMENT. Group Members 1. Siriphat Sirikunpitak (Prince of Songkla University) RESEARCH PROPOSAL GROUP 1 WATER RESOURCE QUALITY ASSESSMENT Group Members 1. Siriphat Sirikunpitak (Prince of Songkla University) 2. Md. Mostafizur Rahman (Hokkaido University) 3. Supanad Hensawang (Chulalongkorn

More information

Modelling of Wastewater Treatment Plants

Modelling of Wastewater Treatment Plants Modelling of Wastewater Treatment Plants Nevenka Martinello nevemar@gmail.com Why do we need WWTP models? to build a WWTP model CASE STUDY - WWTP model in Sweden Why do we need WWTP models? Rise awareness

More information

NALMS 2003 Protecting Our Lakes' Legacy

NALMS 2003 Protecting Our Lakes' Legacy NALMS 2003 Protecting Our Lakes' Legacy Performance of Nitrex for Nitrogen Removal and Phosphex and PhosRID for Phosphorus Removal From Wastewater November 6, 2003 Pio Lombardo, P.E. Lombardo Associates,

More information

Nutrient distributions and the interaction between coastal wetlands and the nearshore of Lake Ontario

Nutrient distributions and the interaction between coastal wetlands and the nearshore of Lake Ontario Nutrient distributions and the interaction between coastal wetlands and the nearshore of Ontario Krista Chomicki and Gary Bowen International Association of Great s Research, 25 Type Durham Region Coastal

More information

REPORT. Report No: 2013/0958 Prepared For: Natural Resources Committee Prepared By: Dean Olsen, Environmental Resource Scientist Date: 11 July 2013

REPORT. Report No: 2013/0958 Prepared For: Natural Resources Committee Prepared By: Dean Olsen, Environmental Resource Scientist Date: 11 July 2013 REPORT Document Id: A544088 Report No: 2013/0958 Prepared For: Natural Resources Committee Prepared By: Dean Olsen, Environmental Resource Scientist Date: 11 July 2013 Subject: Waianakarua River Water

More information

The physical and chemical characteristics of Danube water quality near Kovin (Vojvodina) in Serbia

The physical and chemical characteristics of Danube water quality near Kovin (Vojvodina) in Serbia The physical and chemical characteristics of Danube water quality near Kovin (Vojvodina) in Serbia Slavka Stankovic 1 This work represents a summary of the Danube river water quality in the vicinity of

More information

THE USE OF INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS (ICWs) IN FARMYARD AND RURAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

THE USE OF INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS (ICWs) IN FARMYARD AND RURAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 1 Ref: R. Harrington, E. Dunne, P. Carroll, J. Keohane, and C. Ryder (24). The Anne Valley Project: The use of Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) in farmyard and rural domestic wastewater management.

More information

Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity

Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity OWEA 2013 Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity Don Esping, Denny Parker, Jose Jimenez, Fenghua Yang, Tim Bate, Steve Arant June 19 2013 Outline Background/Goals

More information

how, where and when? Keeping water on the land: Genevieve Ali Collaborators: Carolyn English, David Lobb, Selena Randall, Steve Sheppard, Don Flaten

how, where and when? Keeping water on the land: Genevieve Ali Collaborators: Carolyn English, David Lobb, Selena Randall, Steve Sheppard, Don Flaten Keeping water on the land: how, where and when? Genevieve Ali Collaborators: Carolyn English, David Lobb, Selena Randall, Steve Sheppard, Don Flaten Watershed Systems Research Program Center for Earth

More information

FACTSHEET INTRODUCTION. help rebalance the water cycle, mitigate the effects of climate change and improve human health and livelihoods.

FACTSHEET INTRODUCTION. help rebalance the water cycle, mitigate the effects of climate change and improve human health and livelihoods. 1 FACTSHEET INTRODUCTION World Water Day, on 22 March every year, is about focusing attention on the importance of water. This year s theme, Nature for Water, explores nature-based solutions (NBS) to the

More information

Vetiver System for the Prevention and Treatment of Contaminated Water and Land (Special Reference to Domestic and Municipal.

Vetiver System for the Prevention and Treatment of Contaminated Water and Land (Special Reference to Domestic and Municipal. Vetiver System for the Prevention and Treatment of Contaminated Water and Land (Special Reference to Domestic and Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Australia) Paul Truong Director, The Vetiver Network

More information

Total Solids (TS) - material remaining after evaporation of sample liquid

Total Solids (TS) - material remaining after evaporation of sample liquid Page 1 of 8 Reference Two publications are widely used as the principal cookbooks for water and wastewater analysis: o Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater. American Water Works Association

More information

Scientific overview: Water quality functions of coastal buffers

Scientific overview: Water quality functions of coastal buffers Scientific overview: Water quality functions of coastal buffers Caitlin Chaffee, Coastal Policy Analyst RI Coastal Resources Management Council November 21, 2013 Buffer Zone Setback = Minimum Distance

More information

Natural and Engineered Wetlands for Stormwater Management

Natural and Engineered Wetlands for Stormwater Management Natural and Engineered Wetlands for Stormwater Management Dan Hitchcock, Ph.D., P. E. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown, SC Prominence and Diversity of

More information

Stormwater Runoff Water Quality Characteristics From Highways in Lake Tahoe, California

Stormwater Runoff Water Quality Characteristics From Highways in Lake Tahoe, California California State University, Sacramento (CSUS) University of California, Davis (UCD) California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Stormwater Runoff Water Quality Characteristics From Highways in

More information

1/11/2016. Types and Characteristics of Microorganisms. Topic VI: Biological Treatment Processes. Learning Objectives:

1/11/2016. Types and Characteristics of Microorganisms. Topic VI: Biological Treatment Processes. Learning Objectives: Topic VI: Biological Treatment Processes Learning Objectives: 1. Discuss microbiology and relate it to wastewater treatment. 2. Describe growth kinetics of pure bacterial culture with Monod expression

More information

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES Don McEntee Chartered Engineer Dublin City Council November 2006 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES In September 2006 the

More information

Constructed Wetlands

Constructed Wetlands Constructed Wetlands Constructed Wetlands Artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of shallow ponds or channels which have been planted with aquatic plants to treat wastewater. Rely upon natural

More information

Modeling the Urban Stormwater (and the rest of the watershed) Katherine Antos, Coordinator Water Quality Team U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office

Modeling the Urban Stormwater (and the rest of the watershed) Katherine Antos, Coordinator Water Quality Team U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office Modeling the Urban Stormwater (and the rest of the watershed) Katherine Antos, Coordinator Water Quality Team U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Office May 13, 2010 Management Actions Chesapeake Bay Program

More information

Stormwater Treatment Wetlands

Stormwater Treatment Wetlands Florida Chamber Summer School July, 2014 Stormwater Treatment Wetlands Chris Keller, P.E. Wetland Solutions, Inc. Why Wetlands? Wetlands are the natural stormwater management systems in the landscape Wetlands

More information

Yoshinaga Ikuo *, Y. W. Feng**, H. Hasebe*** and E. Shiratani****

Yoshinaga Ikuo *, Y. W. Feng**, H. Hasebe*** and E. Shiratani**** NITROGEN REMOVAL FUNCTION OF PADDY FIELD IN A CIRCULAR IRRIGATION SYSTEM Yoshinaga Ikuo *, Y. W. Feng**, H. Hasebe*** and E. Shiratani**** * National Institute for Rural Engineering, Tsukuba Science City

More information

Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity

Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity CSWEA 2013 Comparison of Three Wet Weather Flow Treatment Alternatives to Increase Plant Capacity Don Esping, Denny Parker, Jose Jimenez, Fenghua Yang, Tim Bate, Steve Arant May 16 2013 Milwaukee MSD South

More information

WWF SHRIMP AQUACULTURE DIALOGUE Effluent impact assessment:water quality monitoring vs nutrient budget

WWF SHRIMP AQUACULTURE DIALOGUE Effluent impact assessment:water quality monitoring vs nutrient budget WWF SHRIMP AQUACULTURE DIALOGUE Effluent impact assessment:water quality monitoring vs nutrient budget Stanislaus Sonnenholzner FUNDACION CENAIM-ESPOL GUAYAQUIL - ECUADOR INTRODUCTION Shrimp aquaculture

More information

Little Cypress Bayou Special Study - Subwatershed 1.10

Little Cypress Bayou Special Study - Subwatershed 1.10 - Subwatershed 1.1 Sabine River Authority of Texas August 31, 21 Prepared in Cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission Under the Authorization of the Texas Clean Rivers Act Table

More information

Waste Water treatment by Multi Soil Layering Method

Waste Water treatment by Multi Soil Layering Method Waste Water treatment by Multi Soil Layering Method 1 Background The use of soil for water treatment has a long history in the world. Conventional method Land treatment Sand filter Septic systems (EPA)

More information

Buffer Zone = Area of Undisturbed Vegetation

Buffer Zone = Area of Undisturbed Vegetation Scientific overview: Water quality functions of coastal buffers Caitlin Chaffee, Coastal Policy Analyst RI Coastal Resources Management Council November 29, 2012 Buffer Zone Setback = Minimum i Distance

More information

Tackling Non-point Source Water Pollution in British Columbia

Tackling Non-point Source Water Pollution in British Columbia Water Quality Clean Water Tackling Non-point Source Water Pollution in British Columbia Our well-being depends on sustainable supplies of clean water for our physical health and for a healthy environment

More information

Vadose Zone Monitoring of Fields Irrigated with Recycled Processing and Municipal Wastewaters.

Vadose Zone Monitoring of Fields Irrigated with Recycled Processing and Municipal Wastewaters. Vadose Zone Monitoring of Fields Irrigated with Recycled Processing and Municipal Wastewaters. Diganta D. Adhikari *, Dave Goorahoo, and Florence Cassel S. Center for Irrigation Technology, California

More information

Available online at I-SEEC Proceeding - Science and Engineering (2013)

Available online at  I-SEEC Proceeding - Science and Engineering (2013) Available online at www.iseec2012.com I-SEEC 2012 Proceeding - Science and Engineering (2013) 591 598 Proceeding Science and Engineering www.iseec2012.com Science and Engineering Symposium 4 th International

More information

UNEP/AEO/ NEPAD Lead Indicators Change in incident of water borne diseases. UNSD suggestions. Population connected to public water supply

UNEP/AEO/ NEPAD Lead Indicators Change in incident of water borne diseases. UNSD suggestions. Population connected to public water supply Session 4: for the ECOWAS countries: level (based on research of official government websites), Questionnaire, NEPAD, (22 February 2005) Environmental health Environmentally related diseases: malaria,

More information

A Summary of the International Stormwater BMP Database

A Summary of the International Stormwater BMP Database A Summary of the International Stormwater Tuesday, February 12, 2013, 1:00PM Presented by: Katie Blansett, Ph.D., P.E. Pennsylvania Housing Research Center www.engr.psu.edu/phrc Objective The objective

More information

Wastewater Effluent License Limits

Wastewater Effluent License Limits Wastewater Effluent License Limits 1 OUTLINE Wastewater Treatment Background Licensing Considerations Typical Effluent Parameters Manitoba Conservation Limits Design and Performance Biochemical Oxygen

More information

STUDY FOR THE REALIZATION OF FERTIRRIGATION PILOT PROJECTS IN TUNISIA

STUDY FOR THE REALIZATION OF FERTIRRIGATION PILOT PROJECTS IN TUNISIA STUDY FOR THE REALIZATION OF FERTIRRIGATION PILOT PROJECTS IN TUNISIA FAO Project: "Forest restoration in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia using treated wastewater to sustain smallholders' and farmers'

More information

Lorenzo Benedetti, Ph.D. Project examples.

Lorenzo Benedetti, Ph.D. Project examples. Lorenzo Benedetti, Ph.D. Project examples lorenzobenedetti@waterways.it Modelling of the integrated urban wastewater system of the city of Eindhoven (Netherlands) Waterschap De Dommel, Netherlands Eindhoven,

More information

Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR): A New Approach to Denitrification in Wastewater Setting

Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR): A New Approach to Denitrification in Wastewater Setting Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR): A New Approach to Denitrification in Wastewater Setting Ramesh Sharma, Ph.D. Shane Trussell, Ph.D., P.E. Trussell Technologies, Inc. Pasadena, CA April 2007 Outline Understanding

More information

SIMPLE and FLEXIBLE ENERGY SAVINGS And PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT for OXIDATION DITCH UPGRADES

SIMPLE and FLEXIBLE ENERGY SAVINGS And PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT for OXIDATION DITCH UPGRADES SIMPLE and FLEXIBLE ENERGY SAVINGS And PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT for OXIDATION DITCH UPGRADES Oxidation ditches are very popular wastewater treatment processes for small to medium sized municipalities that

More information

CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2018

CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2018 CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2018 PREPARED: January 2019 2018 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FICILITY

More information

Chris Kinsley, M.Eng., P.Eng. Anna Crolla, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Sara Altimimi, B.A.Sc.

Chris Kinsley, M.Eng., P.Eng. Anna Crolla, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Sara Altimimi, B.A.Sc. From Brown Water to Blue Water Natural systems to recycle farm effluents Chris Kinsley, M.Eng., P.Eng. Anna Crolla, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Sara Altimimi, B.A.Sc. Ontario Rural Wastewater Centre University of

More information

EUTROPHICATION. Student Lab Workbook

EUTROPHICATION. Student Lab Workbook EUTROPHICATION Student Lab Workbook THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. Research Background literature research about a topic of interest 2. Identification of a problem Determine a problem (with regards to the topic)

More information

CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2014

CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2014 CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 2014 PREPARED: January 2015 2014 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR THE CITY OF OXFORD WASTEWATER TREATMENT FICILITY

More information

Water Quality Management for Coastal Aquaculture

Water Quality Management for Coastal Aquaculture SUB Hamburg A/534446 Water Quality Management for Coastal Aquaculture By Sukumar Bandyopadhyay Former Professor and Emeritus Fellow Indian institute of Technology Kharagpur 2008 DAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE Delhi

More information

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT MASTER PLAN 6. BUSINESS CASE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT MASTER PLAN 6. BUSINESS CASE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT MASTER PLAN 6. BUSINESS CASE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES A range of potential ammonia limits were identified for alternatives evaluation, as discussed in Section 2.2.5. This chapter

More information

Membrane Bioreactor vs. Extended Aeration Treatment Pilot Study Effluent and Groundwater Quality Presenter Leslie Dumas

Membrane Bioreactor vs. Extended Aeration Treatment Pilot Study Effluent and Groundwater Quality Presenter Leslie Dumas Membrane Bioreactor vs. Extended Aeration Treatment Pilot Study Effluent and Groundwater Quality Presenter Leslie Dumas Innovative Solutions for Water and the Environment September 15, 2009 Acknowledgements

More information

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from agricultural runoff in integrated buffer zones

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from agricultural runoff in integrated buffer zones supporting information Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from agricultural runoff in integrated buffer zones Dominik Zak 1, 2*, Brian Kronvang 1, Mette V. Carstensen 1, Carl C. Hoffmann 1, Ane Kjeldgaard

More information

Newsletter. Water-DROP

Newsletter. Water-DROP Newsletter June 2016 Issue N. 5 Contents Water-DROP Project Final Achievements...1 Water-DROP final events: Mediterranean and International Conferences...2 Training and educational campaigns in schools...3

More information

ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATION DITCHES. Larry W. Moore, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Professor of Environmental Engineering The University of Memphis

ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATION DITCHES. Larry W. Moore, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Professor of Environmental Engineering The University of Memphis ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATION DITCHES Larry W. Moore, Ph.D., P.E., DEE Professor of Environmental Engineering The University of Memphis ABSTRACT Oxidation ditches are very popular wastewater treatment

More information

Appendix 2 Screening of Keewatinoow Construction Camp Waste Water Effluent Discharge to Creek Fourteen

Appendix 2 Screening of Keewatinoow Construction Camp Waste Water Effluent Discharge to Creek Fourteen Appendix 2 Screening of Keewatinoow Construction Camp Waste Water Effluent Discharge to Creek Fourteen Prepared by: North/South Consultants Inc. July 19, 2011 Introduction The following provides a screening

More information

MASTER THESIS. Comparison of Nitrogen Retention in Wetlands With Different Depths. Jes Mary Thomas

MASTER THESIS. Comparison of Nitrogen Retention in Wetlands With Different Depths. Jes Mary Thomas Master's Programme in Applied Environmental Science, 60 credits MASTER THESIS Comparison of Nitrogen Retention in Wetlands With Different Depths Jes Mary Thomas Applied Environmental Science, 15 credits

More information

Treatment of Milk House Wash Water

Treatment of Milk House Wash Water Treatment of Milk House Wash Water Steven Safferman Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Lloyd Rozema Aqua Treatment Technologies, Grimsby, Ontario, Canada Introduction Milk house wash water

More information

Iraqi Marshlands Project

Iraqi Marshlands Project Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) and Management Practices: Iraqi Marshlands Project Presented at Consultative Meeting on Water and Wastewater Management 1 19 April 2010 Dr. Ali Al-Lami

More information

EPA Waste Water Discharge Licence Application

EPA Waste Water Discharge Licence Application Duleek Waste Water Treatment Works EPA Waste Water Discharge Licence Application ARTICLE 16 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS Meath County Council EPA Document Ref: D0133-01 Section A: Non-Technical Summary Update

More information

July 26, 2018 ACWA Bend, Oregon. Jamie Hughes & Leila Barker Regulatory Affairs Department

July 26, 2018 ACWA Bend, Oregon. Jamie Hughes & Leila Barker Regulatory Affairs Department Multi-Objective Natural Treatment Systems How Clean Water Services Forest Grove NTS Solved Several Water Quality Challenges and Created Habitat and a Community Amenity July 26, 2018 ACWA Bend, Oregon Jamie

More information

MUNICIPALITY OF WEST ELGIN RODNEY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

MUNICIPALITY OF WEST ELGIN RODNEY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT MUNICIPALITY OF WEST ELGIN RODNEY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 214 ANNUAL REPORT uary 1 to ember 31, 214 Environmental Compliance Approval # 3-871-88-949 Prepared by: Table of Contents Section 1: Overview...

More information

Monitoring Stormwater Best Management Practices: Why Is It Important and What To Monitor

Monitoring Stormwater Best Management Practices: Why Is It Important and What To Monitor Monitoring Stormwater Best Management Practices: Why Is It Important and What To Monitor Scott D. Struck, Ph.D. US EPA, Urban Watershed Management Branch New Jersey Water Monitoring Workshop 4/20/2006

More information

The Membrane Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ihn Layman s report

The Membrane Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ihn Layman s report The Membrane Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ihn Layman s report 1 Entsorgungsverband Saar, Tel. +49 6 81/ 60 00-0, P.O.Box 10 01 22, D-66001 Saarbrücken, www.entsorgungsverband.de The Wastewater Treatment

More information

75 th STREET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADES PROJECT

75 th STREET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADES PROJECT 75 th STREET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADES PROJECT Basis of Design Memorandum Design Memo No.: DM-1 Date: August 26, 24 Project/Task: 24487.41 Subject: Prepared by: Reviewed by: Design Flows and

More information

MULTI-YEAR RESEARCH ON THE USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT

MULTI-YEAR RESEARCH ON THE USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT MULTI-YEAR RESEARCH ON THE USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT Gene W. Eidson 1 and Oscar P. Flite 2 AUTHORS: 1 President and 2 Research Manager, Southeastern Natural Sciences

More information

Pollutants Transformation and Removal within Constructed Wetlands Hybrid Systems

Pollutants Transformation and Removal within Constructed Wetlands Hybrid Systems Pollutants Transformation and Removal within Constructed Wetlands Hybrid Systems T. Y. Yeh 1,*, C. C. Chuang 1, C. H. Ju 1 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Kaohsiung

More information

Comparative Study on Total Suspended Solids and Nutrients of the Las Vegas Wash Between the Demonstration Weir and its Terminus at the Las Vegas Bay

Comparative Study on Total Suspended Solids and Nutrients of the Las Vegas Wash Between the Demonstration Weir and its Terminus at the Las Vegas Bay Comparative Study on Total Suspended Solids and Nutrients of the Las Vegas Wash Between the Demonstration Weir and its Terminus at the Las Vegas Bay Delta September 2006 Comparative Study on Total Suspended

More information

Grovelands Park Wetlands, Enfield

Grovelands Park Wetlands, Enfield Grovelands Park Wetlands, Enfield Description This project was undertaken as part of the Salmons Brook Healthy River Challenge, an initiative designed to improve water quality in the Salmons Brook and

More information

Septic System Impacts on Stormwater and Impaired Waterbodies. December 8, 2016 Tim Denison, Johnson Engineering Marcy Frick, Tetra Tech

Septic System Impacts on Stormwater and Impaired Waterbodies. December 8, 2016 Tim Denison, Johnson Engineering Marcy Frick, Tetra Tech Septic System Impacts on Stormwater and Impaired Waterbodies December 8, 2016 Tim Denison, Johnson Engineering Marcy Frick, Tetra Tech Presentation Overview Charlotte County: Many areas adjacent to impaired

More information

WATERSHED. Maitland Valley. Report Card 201

WATERSHED. Maitland Valley. Report Card 201 Maitland Valley WATERSHED Report Card 201 The Maitland Valley Conservation Authority has prepared this report card as a summary on the state of our forests, wetlands, surface water, and ground water resources.

More information

Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland treating wastewater from the seafood industry

Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland treating wastewater from the seafood industry Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland treating wastewater from the seafood industry 1 2 U. Puetpaiboon & C. Yirong 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 2 Joint Graduate

More information

UPGRADING GAZA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT. Gaza City is populated with 550,000 inhabitants and it forms 45% of the Gaza strip population.

UPGRADING GAZA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT. Gaza City is populated with 550,000 inhabitants and it forms 45% of the Gaza strip population. Gaza City Gaza City is populated with 550,000 inhabitants and it forms 45% of the Gaza strip population. Gaza City has the oldest wastewater system in Gaza Strip; it consists of some of 280 kilometers

More information

INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY

INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION TO HOBBY FARMING AND WATER QUALITY This is a handbook for owners of Hobby Farms - small scale farms operated primarily as a residential lifestyle - to provide their owners with

More information

Urban Geology Spring 2011

Urban Geology Spring 2011 Urban Geology Spring 2011 Gowanus Canal Historical use New York City Water pollution Sewage treatment plants Eutrophication Combined sewage outflows (CSO) Remediation Sustainability Gowanus Canal today

More information