Energy Considerations in Membrane Treatment and Brine Disposal

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Energy Considerations in Membrane Treatment and Brine Disposal"

Transcription

1 Energy Considerations in Membrane Treatment and Brine Disposal Energy Requirements Membrane treatment systems require significant energy inputs. Therefore, energy consumption is one of the major cost considerations that must be addressed in determining the feasibility of membrane treatment for municipal raw water supplies. Table AJ.1 contains hypothetical information about energy requirements for a two stage reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment process followed by brine concentration. Stage I of the RO treatment process is conventional, low pressure membrane treatment for freshwater, with a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 700 milligrams per liter (mg/l), which happens to be the approximate TDS concentration of the South Platte River in the lower portion of Segment 15 near Brighton, Colorado. Stage II of the treatment is aimed at recovering a low TDS permeate from the stage I brine concentrate stream. The membranes used in the second stage are designed for treating brackish water, which is similar in TDS concentration to stage I RO brine concentrate streams. This treatment train represents one example of a relatively new approach to municipal RO system design that may be feasible in cases where there are significant constraints on brine discharges, because of a lack of assimilative capacity in the receiving stream. Table AJ.1. Energy Requirements for RO Treatment and Brine Concentration Treatment System Plant Capacity (MGD) Treatment Stages Design Parameters Raw Water [TDS] mg/l Stage I RO Raw Water Pump rate (gpm) Permeate Recovery rate Permeate Produced (MGD) Permeate [TDS] mg/l Brine Produced (MGD) Brine [TDS] mg/l Energy Req'd (kwh/day) Stage II RO Pumping rate (gpm) Recovery rate Permeate Produced (MGD) Permeate [TDS] mg/l Brine Produced (MGD) Brine [TDS] mg/l Energy Req'd (kwh/day) Stage III Brine Concentration Flow rate (gpm) Distillate Recovery Rate Distillate Produced (MGD) Distillate [TDS] (mg/l) Brine Concentrate (gal/day) Concentrator Capacity (gpm) Energy Req'd (kwh/day) Totals Total Energy Req'd mwh Total Water Recovered (MGD) J-1

2 The information in Table AJ.1 is provided to illustrate the relative energy requirements for RO treatment and brine concentration for different sized systems aimed at substantially achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD). As Dr. Phil Brandhuber of HDR Consultants has stated, with RO systems moving toward zero liquid discharge, it is not a problem of treatment, it is rather, a problem of energy. In the examples set forth in Table 1, stage I of the RO treatment process is conventional, low pressure membrane treatment for raw source water, with a TDS concentration of 700 mg/l. The pressure pumps for these membranes require approximately 1.6 kilowatt hour (kwh) per 1,000 gallons (gal) of water treated. Energy requirements may be estimated using the following empirical formula: 1.58 kwh/1,000 gal/1,000 mg/l TDS. The freshwater membranes are operated with a permeate recovery rate of 85% (i.e., 15% of the treated raw water is rejected as concentrate residual). Stage II of the treatment is aimed at recovering a low TDS permeate from the stage I brine stream. The membranes used in the second stage are designed for treating brackish water, or stage I RO brine streams, as the case may be. Accordingly, they require higher pressures and more energy than the stage I membranes, up to 7.7 kwh/1,000 gallons treated (2.0 kwh/m 3 ). Stage III of the treatment process involves brine concentration. Brine concentrators have been used historically to convert highly saturated industrial wastewaters into distilled water for reuse as boiler makeup, NOx control, cooling tower makeup, and plant processes requiring pure water. Presently, brine concentrators are viewed as key components in ZLD treatment strategies for public water systems relying upon RO treatment. Brine concentrators, such as the GE Infrastructure Water and Process Technologies (Ionics) System, are seeded-slurry, falling-film evaporators that are typically operated by mechanical vapor recompression. They can also run on plant steam or low-pressure turbine exhaust steam, which has importance in the context of renewable energy solutions for the brine concentration process. Commercially available brine concentrators are capable of treating up to 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) per minute or as little as 5 gpm of highly concentrated brine. In the vapor compression configuration, a brine concentrator uses 25 to 37 BTU per pound of wastewater feed. This converts to 60 to 90 kwh per 1,000 gallons of feed, which is 30 times more efficient than conventional single effect steam-driven evaporators. The two stage membrane treatment system dramatically reduces the amount of brine concentrate that must be treated by a brine concentrator for a system of any given size. As shown in Table AJ.1, even a 25 mgd two-stage RO system would generate only 0.75 MGD of brine concentrate. This is equivalent to 520 gpm, which could be treated readily by standard off-the-shelf brine concentration equipment. With a typical brine concentrator, 95% to 99% of brine wastewater can be recovered as high purity distillate (distilled water with <10 mg/l TDS). The remaining 1% to 5% concentrated slurry can then be sent to an evaporation pond prior to removal to a monofill, or other solid waste facility. In some cases (i.e., markets), it may be economically feasible to recover mineral resources directly from the brine concentrate, through the use of a crystallizer. As shown in Table AJ.1, a 1 MGD facility would generate only 1,500 gpd of concentrated slurry for evaporation, while a 25 MGD RO facility would generate 37,500 gpd for evaporation and subsequent transport. In the area surrounding Denver, it is estimated that J-2

3 one acre of evaporation pond area is required per gpm of concentrated slurry for complete passive evaporation. The raw water supply that serves as the case example has a relatively low TDS concentration as is found in the South Platte River, just downstream of Denver. Water providers in this area could consider employing membrane treatment to remove specific pollutants, such as nitrate, in addition to lowering the TDS content of the raw water supply. The different power requirements shown for different sized systems are based on a linear relationship keyed to treatment capacity. Energy requirements for membrane treatment systems are often presented in terms of kwh/1,000 gallons of water treated. Reduction in energy requirements for membrane treatment and brine concentration would provide a means for making membrane treatment more cost-competitive with conventional water treatment technologies. Energy Recovery Systems According to Murray Thomson of the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems (CREST), designers of medium to large seawater RO systems have led the way in developing energy recovery approaches for RO systems. Energy recovery systems take advantage of the residual pressure in the brine waste stream to reduce the total energy needed to power the high pressure RO pumps required for desalinization. Existing energy recovery systems can be divided into two groups: pressure exchangers that transfer the brine pressure directly to feed; and devices that transfer brine pressure to mechanical power, such as pelton turbines and back running pumps. The main difference between groups is the flow pumped by the high pressure pump. In the pelton turbine group the high pressure pump pumps the entire feed flow, where as in the pressure exchangers group the high pressure pumps pump only part of the feed flow equal to the product flow. Name brand examples of pressure exchangers include DWEER or dual work exchanger energy recovery systems, which were developed in Switzerland, and American made ERI systems. The efficiency of energy recovery in the pressure exchangers group is around 96%. The energy transfer in the pelton group is indirect with the brine jet hitting the turbine buckets. The efficiency of the pelton turbine itself is around 87%. The equipment and maintenance costs in the pressure exchanger group are higher than in the pelton group. The decision to implement one or another energy recovery system depends on several factors such as energy cost, project lifetime and interest rates. The Pelton turbine, DWEER and the ERI devices, and their similar competitors, help to achieve very low energy consumptions, sometimes approaching 7.6 kwh per 1,000 gallons (2 kwh/m3) for medium to large sized seawater RO systems. This is comparable to the amount of energy required for brackish water RO systems without energy recovery technology. According to Dr. Boris Liberman of IDE Technologies Ltd., in a paper entitled The importance of energy recovery devices in RO desalination even though freshwater and brackish water RO systems require less energy to operate than seawater RO systems, it is likely that energy recovery systems will be incorporated into these systems increasingly, as energy prices continue to climb. Presently, many small systems are built without incorporating any energy recovery technology. Renewable Energy in Membrane Treatment Applications Renewable energy sources have been used and will continue to be used either directly or indirectly in water and wastewater treatment. Solar energy is the simplest technology for J-3

4 desalination of high TDS waters and for water disinfection. Solar energy can be converted into steam (or hot water) to produce mechanical energy or into electricity which can be used to power pumps, ultraviolet systems, RO and conventional surface water treatment systems. According to the report entitled Renewable Energy in Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), renewable energy sources, unlike conventional fossil fuel-based power sources, are mostly used for small to medium water utility applications because of their high initial investment costs. The power needed to treat a small municipal supply is relatively modest. For this reason, renewable energy power sources are widely used by water utilities in many developing countries. Recent engineering advances in the development of concentrating solar power systems have made solar energy a more viable source of energy for RO treatment. Skyfuel is a new company that is involved in the development of municipal utility scale concentrating solarthermal and solar-electric power plants. This company is developing and deploying linear power tower technology for stand alone solar power plants as well as fuelsaver installations at existing power plants. Fossil fuel hybridization is easily incorporated into parabolic trough and power towers. Dr. Arnold Leitner, president of Skyfuel, has indicated that the most efficient way water utilities employing RO technology can utilize solar energy is by way of direct thermal energy, as opposed to solar electric configurations. According to Leitner, concentrating solar systems can already produce thermal energy considerably cheaper than fossil fuel powered systems. In simple terms, the concentrating solar system produces heat which is used to produce hot water or steam which can then be used to power pumps and other devices required for membrane treatment processes, directly. The infrastructure for concentrating solar power systems is not particularly costly. For example, according to Dr. Leitner, an array of linear Fresnel reflectors that would fill up a 1.5 acre site and produce approximately 1 megawatt of thermal power is estimated to cost about $300,000, excluding the cost of the required land area. A linear Fresnel reflector power plant uses a series of carefully angled plane mirrors to focus light onto a linear absorber. These systems may offer lower overall costs because they permit the heat absorbing element to be shared between several mirrors. The mirrors can therefore be smaller and do not require complex pivoting couplings for the fluid flowing from the absorber. The design can also permit mirrors to be placed closer together, allowing for a more efficient use of land area. According to a 2002 NREL report entitled Fuel from the Sky: solar power s potential for western energy supply, another approach for concentrating solar power involves dish designs. A dish system uses a large reflective parabolic dish, similar in shape to satellite television dish. It focuses all the sunlight that strikes the dish up onto a single point above the dish where a thermal collector is used to capture the heat and transform it into a useful form. Dish systems, like power towers can achieve much higher temperatures due to the higher concentration of light which they receive. Typically, the dish is coupled with a stirling engine. That combination is known as a dish/stirling system. Sometimes a steam engine is used. These create rotational kinetic energy that can be converted to electricity using an electric generator. Of these concentrating solar technologies the solar dish/stirling has the highest energy efficiency. The current record is a conversion efficiency of 40.7% of incident solar energy. Renewable energy offers a means of stabilizing energy costs after the initial capital investment in solar collectors is made. Properly sized concentrating solar applications J-4

5 should produce energy at relatively level costs over the long-term. This is a significant advantage at a time when costs are rising for petroleum-based fuels, while their carbonbased emissions are becoming increasingly problematic. Solar technology is reliable and essentially emission free over very long operating periods. Equipment installations are designed to remain operational for a period of 40-years, or longer. The German Aerospace Center (DLR), in a 2005 repot entitled Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region, determined that the southwestern portion of the United States has some of the best solar resources in the world. This is due to a combination of factors including the latitude, low cloud cover and humidity, and the high altitude of the Colorado plateau. Large areas of the west receive average sunshine of between 6 and 7.5 kilowatt hours per square meter per day. Premium solar resource areas are found in six of the western states, including Colorado. Nevertheless, the sun does not shine year around with the same intensity and during its path across the sky, the sun s intensity changes. In addition, weather conditions such as clouds or haze can change the level of direct normal solar radiation received by the collectors of a solar power plant. The amount of solar energy that a solar power plant can convert to electricity depends on the technology. As noted above, dish/stirling systems produce more energy per acre than power tower plants. Both wind and solar energy production require relatively large land areas. Sunshine, like wind, is an intermittent resource. No solar radiation is available at night and cloud cover, smog or haze can further limit generation from a solar plant. The arrival of night in the western states causes solar radiation to go to zero within an hour across the entire region. Thermal solar generating technologies can provide electricity even when the sun does not shine because unlike photovoltaic cells which convert sunlight directly to electricity, thermal solar technologies first convert the light into heat and then use a thermal dynamic cycle to produce electricity. For the power cycle, however, it does not matter whether the heat comes directly from sun from heat energy storage or even a fossil fuel fired boiler. Currently only parabolic trough plants and power towers allow for off-sun generation by using either heat storage or fossil fuel hybridization. This is a distinct advantage, especially compared with other intermittent renewable energies such as photovoltaic and wind, which require batteries for electrical storage. Solar power plants with heat storage collect thermal energy during the day by increasing the temperature of a large heat reservoir. In near term future applications, the heat reservoir will likely by a large vessel of molten salt. NREL has observed that molten salt heat storage is market-ready, safe, and the most economic of all thermal energy storage technologies. It allows thermal energy to be collected during the day and to be saved for use at night or it can be used to keep the plant at full output when clouds pass over the plant location. The effectiveness of heat storage increases with the operating temperature of the thermal solar power plant. The high temperatures of the power cycle in power towers make this technology particularly attractive for heat energy storage. Additional flexibility in the operation of a thermal solar plant with storage comes from over-sizing the solar field so that the collectors generate more heat than required by the steam turbine (or other solar powered device) while the additional energy goes into storage for later use. J-5

Solar Thermal Energy

Solar Thermal Energy Solar Thermal Energy Content Fundamentals of Solar Energy Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar Collectors Power Systems from Solar Thermal Fundamentals of Solar Energy Solar energy is the energy

More information

CMR Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 Issue.2 April, 2018

CMR Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 Issue.2 April, 2018 Desalination using Concentrated solar thermal plants with thermal energy storage systems 1.0 Introduction Pavan Kumar Bhagavathula PG Student, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences Kleve, Germany Desalination

More information

Detail on Concentrate Handling and Disposal Options

Detail on Concentrate Handling and Disposal Options Detail on Concentrate Handling and Disposal Options A number of options are available for disposing of concentrate including direct disposal as well as additional handling and/or treatment designed to

More information

Sonoran CryoDesal LLC Freeze Desalination: non-membrane desalination technology for difficult water / wastewater streams.

Sonoran CryoDesal LLC Freeze Desalination: non-membrane desalination technology for difficult water / wastewater streams. Sonoran CryoDesal LLC Freeze Desalination: non-membrane desalination technology for difficult water / wastewater streams July 17, 2017 1 CryoDesalination: When RO Is Not a Good Option Reverse Osmosis (RO)

More information

Comparison of Technical and Economic Performance of the Main Desalination Processes with and without Renewable Energy Coupling

Comparison of Technical and Economic Performance of the Main Desalination Processes with and without Renewable Energy Coupling Comparison of Technical and Economic Performance of the Main Desalination Processes with and without Renewable Energy Coupling Ali Al-Qaraghuli and L.L. Kazmerski National Renewable Energy Laboratory,

More information

Summary of Issues Strategies Benefits & Costs Key Uncertainties Additional Resources

Summary of Issues Strategies Benefits & Costs Key Uncertainties Additional Resources Summary of Issues Strategies Benefits & Costs Key Uncertainties Additional Resources KEY POINT: High recovery processes, including zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technologies, have high capital costs and

More information

Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants Behrang (Ben) Pakzadeh, PhD, PE

Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants Behrang (Ben) Pakzadeh, PhD, PE Wastewater Reuse in Combined Cycle Power Plants Behrang (Ben) Pakzadeh, PhD, PE 2017 OUTLINE Introduction Water Use in CCGT Power Plants Reducing Water Consumption Power Plant Example 3-1x1 CCGT units

More information

Brackish Desalination: Zero Discharge. Thomas F. Seacord, P.E.

Brackish Desalination: Zero Discharge. Thomas F. Seacord, P.E. Brackish Desalination: Zero Discharge Thomas F. Seacord, P.E. ewithlogo.pptx Topics covered include Background Current Disposal Options Zero Discharge In Practice Case Studies Emerging Technologies 2 April

More information

Session 6. Solar Power Plant

Session 6. Solar Power Plant Session 6 Solar Power Plant What is Solar Energy? Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (visible light, infrared, ultraviolet,

More information

Modutech S.r.l. WDS SEAWATER DROPLET SYSTEM FOR FRESH WATER SUPPLY. Ing. Alessandro Cariani

Modutech S.r.l. WDS SEAWATER DROPLET SYSTEM FOR FRESH WATER SUPPLY. Ing. Alessandro Cariani Modutech S.r.l. WDS SEAWATER DROPLET SYSTEM FOR FRESH WATER SUPPLY Ing. Alessandro Cariani The world's water consumption rate is doubling every 20 years, outpacing by two times the rate of population growth.

More information

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DESALINATION AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DESALINATION AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DESALINATION AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Water-Energy Nexus Operational Toolkit : Renewable Energy 11/07/2017 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Prof. Hassan Arafat ESCWA

More information

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable. Solar Energy: The Ultimate Renewable Resource Bhavik Shah What is Solar Energy? Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation

More information

Membrane Desalination Technology

Membrane Desalination Technology Membrane Desalination Technology Desalination, or demineralization is a treatment process that removes salt and other minerals from brackish water and seawater to produce high quality drinking water. Various

More information

CH2M Hill, Inc.7600 West Tidwell, Suite 600, Houston, Texas 77040, USA

CH2M Hill, Inc.7600 West Tidwell, Suite 600, Houston, Texas 77040, USA 450 Int. J. Nuclear Desalination, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2005 Advances in desalination technology Tom M. Pankratz CH2M Hill, Inc.7600 West Tidwell, Suite 600, Houston, Texas 77040, USA E-mail: tpankrat@ch2m.com

More information

Pacific States Water, Inc. Solution for the Treatment and Recovery of Oil & Gas Produced Water

Pacific States Water, Inc. Solution for the Treatment and Recovery of Oil & Gas Produced Water Pacific States Water, Inc. Solution for the Treatment and Recovery of Oil & Gas Produced Water The safe and sustainable treatment of its processed water remains a priority for the Oil & Gas industry. Increased

More information

Waste to energy for seawater desalination plant

Waste to energy for seawater desalination plant Waste to energy for seawater desalination plant Ing. Edmond Zeneli, Prof.Ing.František Jirouš Dr.Sc Abstract The solid waste management is, in different contexts, a very critical issue. The use of landfills

More information

Desalination R&D and Applications in Electric Power Generation

Desalination R&D and Applications in Electric Power Generation Desalination R&D and Applications in Electric Power Generation EPRI Workshop on Advanced Cooling July 8-9, 8 2008 Mike Hightower Sandia National Laboratories mmhight@sandia.gov, 505-844-5499 Sandia is

More information

Solar-powered Membrane Distillation System: Review and Application to Performance Enhancement

Solar-powered Membrane Distillation System: Review and Application to Performance Enhancement Solar-powered Membrane Distillation System: Review and Application to Performance Enhancement Prof. Dr. Abd Elnaby Kabeel Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Egypt Presentation Contents 1. Introduction

More information

CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER, THE PANACEA TO NIGERIA S POWER SUPPLY

CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER, THE PANACEA TO NIGERIA S POWER SUPPLY CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER, THE PANACEA TO NIGERIA S POWER SUPPLY Idongesit Archibong, MIEEE MNSE Vice Chair, GOLD Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers. Nigeria Concentrating Solar Power Concentrating

More information

UNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS

UNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS Concentrating Collectors Concentrating Collectors 2 For many applications it is desirable to deliver energy at temperatures higher than those possible with

More information

Desalination Market. Lecturer: Eftihia Tzen Wind Energy Department

Desalination Market. Lecturer: Eftihia Tzen Wind Energy Department Desalination Market Lecturer: Eftihia Tzen Wind Energy Department Email: etzen@cres.gr Desalination Industry (1) In some countries, the cost of water produced in even seawater desalination plants is already

More information

WATER DESALINATION. Shaping our world

WATER DESALINATION. Shaping our world WATER DESALINATION Shaping our world WATER DESALINATION About Water Desalination Fresh Water is Essential for Life Water is necessary for life. We need fresh water for drinking every day. But we also need

More information

Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator

Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator Horizontal Falling Film Brine Concentrator The 3rd International Sede Boqer Conference on Water Technologies, 2012: Advanced Technologies in Water Management Tuesday 16 October 2012 Dr. Yony Weiss, VP,

More information

SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION:

SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy is energy that comes from the sun. Every day the sun radiates an enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more energy in one second than people have used since

More information

Minimizing Water Footprint by Implementing Semi-Batch Reverse Osmosis

Minimizing Water Footprint by Implementing Semi-Batch Reverse Osmosis Minimizing Water Footprint by Implementing Semi-Batch Reverse Osmosis Arizona Water Reuse 2015 July 26-28, 2015 Little America Hotel Flagstaff Presenter: Michael Boyd Agenda The State of Water Multistage

More information

The use of an interstage boost on brackish

The use of an interstage boost on brackish FWRJ Energy Recovery Case Studies for Brackish Water Membrane Treatment Systems Mark D. Miller, Jason Lee, and Nick Black The use of an interstage boost on brackish reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment

More information

Desalination Innovation & Trends. Tom Pankratz, Water Desalination Report

Desalination Innovation & Trends. Tom Pankratz, Water Desalination Report Desalination Innovation & Trends Tom Pankratz, Water Desalination Report Global Installed RO Capacity 14,440 RO plants produce 16,075 MGD o 10,340 BWROs produce 8,400 MGD o 4,100 SWROs produce 7,675 MGD

More information

PURPOSE PROCESS PAYOFF

PURPOSE PROCESS PAYOFF Water Reuse 4/04/13 PURPOSE PROCESS PAYOFF Water Water Everywhere but not a drop to drink! Seawater versus Water Reuse UF - RO for brackish waste water streams: 0.81.2 kw h/m3 MBR RO for brackish waste

More information

Facility produces at least as much energy on-site as it uses in a year

Facility produces at least as much energy on-site as it uses in a year Marc Claas, Research Intern Doug Reindl, Director Industrial Refrigeration Consortium University of Wisconsin-Madison What is Net-Zero? Net-Zero Site Energy Facility produces at least as much energy on-site

More information

FLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813)

FLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813) The Florida Advanced Technological Education (FLATE) Center wishes to make available, for educational and noncommercial purposes only, materials relevant to the EST1830 Introduction to Alternative/Renewable

More information

Radiant energy from the sun has powered life on Earth for many millions of years.

Radiant energy from the sun has powered life on Earth for many millions of years. Solar Where Solar is Found >> Solar Photovoltaic >> Solar Thermal Power Plants >) Solar Thermal Collectors )~ Solar Energy & the Environment Solar Basics Energy from the Sun The sun has produced energy

More information

Southwest Solar Technologies, Inc. ASSETS FOR COLLABORATION IN CONCENTRATING SOLAR Herb Hayden, CTO

Southwest Solar Technologies, Inc. ASSETS FOR COLLABORATION IN CONCENTRATING SOLAR Herb Hayden, CTO Southwest Solar Technologies, Inc. ASSETS FOR COLLABORATION IN CONCENTRATING SOLAR Herb Hayden, CTO Southwest Solar Technologies Phoenix-based technology company developing efficient, no-water-use solar

More information

Introduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology

Introduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology. Introduction to Solar Energy Technology SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Introduction Solar Energy Technology Gerrit Jacobs 14-18 June 2010 Jakarta Indonesia Training Course on Renewable Energy Part II - MEMR CASINDO 1 2 Climate Change 3 4 Green House

More information

OsmoBC Integrated Membrane Systems

OsmoBC Integrated Membrane Systems OsmoBC Integrated Membrane Systems For Industrial Wastewater Treatment Fluid Technology Solutions, Inc. OsmoF2O FO Membranes HBCR High Brine Concentrator OsmoZLD Treatment Process INTEGRA Disk Filtration

More information

Desalination systems powered by solar energy

Desalination systems powered by solar energy Desalination systems powered by solar energy International Conference on Renewable Energy Desalination Tunis, 11.06.2012 Dr. -Ing. Joachim Koschikowski Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

More information

Solar Boiler Concept for Concentrating Solar Power Plants. Ulrich Hueck, Dr.-Ing. Co-Founder

Solar Boiler Concept for Concentrating Solar Power Plants. Ulrich Hueck, Dr.-Ing. Co-Founder Solar Boiler Concept for Concentrating Solar Power Plants Ulrich Hueck, Dr.-Ing. Co-Founder ulrich.hueck@desertec.org www.desertec.org Frankfurt am Main June 5, 2013 Different designs exist for CSP units

More information

Addressing increasing wastewater volumes in industrial and oil & gas operations using thermal systems

Addressing increasing wastewater volumes in industrial and oil & gas operations using thermal systems Water Arabia 2013 Conference & Exhibition Innovative Water and Wastewater Technologies for a Sustainable Environment 4 to 6 February, 2013 Le Meridien Khobar, Saudi Arabia Addressing increasing wastewater

More information

Solar Thermal Energy

Solar Thermal Energy Solar Thermal Energy PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo February 13, 2014 What is solar thermal energy? Solar thermal energy refers

More information

Low Cost Solar. New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab

Low Cost Solar. New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab SHEC ENERGY CORPORATION! MAY 2012 Low Cost Solar New Ultra Lite Technology Testing optics in SHEC Energy s LASER lab Breakthrough Technology Imagine producing solar power for similar or less cost than

More information

Concentrating Solar Power: Energy from Mirrors

Concentrating Solar Power: Energy from Mirrors DOE/GO-102001-1147 FS 128 March 2001 Concentrating Solar Power: Energy from Mirrors Mirror mirror on the wall, what's the greatest energy source of all? The sun. Enough energy from the sun falls on the

More information

STW Water Process & Technologies! A Water Solutions Company!

STW Water Process & Technologies! A Water Solutions Company! STW Water Process & Technologies! A Water Solutions Company! Processing and Zero Liquid Discharge of Seawater, Brackish Water, Flowback & Produced Water STW/Salttech- July 2014 Midland, Texas STW/Salttech

More information

Athena Global Energy Solutions SOLAR WATER TREATMENT

Athena Global Energy Solutions SOLAR WATER TREATMENT Athena Global Energy Solutions SOLAR WATER TREATMENT 2014 Commercial Equipment Outside View Solar Concentrators Flow chart (configuration) System Specifications 300-500 gallons/day - Using solar energy

More information

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center. Concentrating Collectors - Power Generation

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center. Concentrating Collectors - Power Generation Concentrating Collectors - Power Generation Solar Dish-Engine SAIC System SAIC Dish-Sterling System in Phoenix, Arizona Source: Dish Sterling Systems - overview, Thomas Mancini, ASME Journal of Solar Energy

More information

OVERVIEW OF SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES

OVERVIEW OF SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Introduction There are three solar thermal power systems currently being developed by U.S. industry: parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engine systems. Because these technologies involve a thermal

More information

Brian Carrico, AICP, Senior Project Manager/Environmental Planner

Brian Carrico, AICP, Senior Project Manager/Environmental Planner Technical Memorandum Date: Subject: From: To: Zero Liquid Discharge Description Dan Shafar, PE, Project Engineer Brian Carrico, AICP, Senior Project Manager/Environmental Planner Route to: INTRODUCTION

More information

ASI funded Solar Thermal Storage and Steam Programs at the CSIRO and ANU

ASI funded Solar Thermal Storage and Steam Programs at the CSIRO and ANU ASI funded Solar Thermal Storage and Steam Programs at the CSIRO and ANU R. McNaughton 1, R. Benito 1, G Burgess 2, G.J. Duffy 1, J.H. Edwards 1, J.S. Kim 1, K Lovegrove 2, J Pye 2, and W. Stein 1 1 CSIRO

More information

ZERO DISCHARGE PROCESSES USING NEW LOW COST EVAPORATION TECHNOLOGY

ZERO DISCHARGE PROCESSES USING NEW LOW COST EVAPORATION TECHNOLOGY ZERO DISCHARGE PROCESSES USING NEW LOW COST EVAPORATION TECHNOLOGY Applicability of different water treatment technologies 3 = high separation 2 = moderate 1 = low separation Note! ph may change rating

More information

From Zero to Hero: Adoption of Zero Liquid Discharge across Industries

From Zero to Hero: Adoption of Zero Liquid Discharge across Industries From Zero to Hero: Adoption of Zero Liquid Discharge across Industries Abhirabh Basu Research Associate The Great Energy Transition June 1, 2017 Agenda The problem with liquid discharge Making a case for

More information

Desalination using the PBMR DPP as heat source

Desalination using the PBMR DPP as heat source Desalination using the PBMR DPP as heat source J.P. van Ravenswaay, R. Greyvenstein, G. du Plessis Presented by Willem Kriel -1- Outline Introduction Water Scarcity Desalination PBMR Desalination Overview

More information

Presentation Outline

Presentation Outline Presentation Outline Background on ECCV Brackish Water RO Project Options Considered for Concentrate Disposal Evaluation of Brine Minimization Alternatives Pilot Testing Results Conclusions & Recommendations

More information

Solar thermal energy: A promising source for Energy Intensive Industries

Solar thermal energy: A promising source for Energy Intensive Industries Solar thermal energy: A promising source for Energy Intensive Industries Abhilash S G Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Gondar, Ethiopia. Abstract: Sun is the basic source for

More information

Grid Integration of Concentrating Solar Power Plant and Cost Analysis

Grid Integration of Concentrating Solar Power Plant and Cost Analysis Grid Integration of Concentrating Solar Power Plant and Cost Analysis Prof. Mihir K.Patel 1, Hemish R.Choksi 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, SCET, Saij, Kalol, Gujarat, India

More information

Saline Water - Considerations for Future Water Supply. Bruce Thomson Water Resources Program UNM

Saline Water - Considerations for Future Water Supply. Bruce Thomson Water Resources Program UNM Saline Water - Considerations for Future Water Supply Bruce Thomson Water Resources Program UNM (bthomson@unm.edu) 1 Objectives Provide overview of Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology Identify differences

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY Introduction FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLAR ENERGY Energy from the sun is available at every place on the earth. People do not realize that daily life would not be possible without the presence of the sun. In ancient

More information

ODA-UNESCO project: Promotion of energy science education for sustainable development in Lao PDR

ODA-UNESCO project: Promotion of energy science education for sustainable development in Lao PDR ODA-UNESCO project: Promotion of energy science education for sustainable development in Lao PDR By: Dr Khamphone Nanthavong Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos 11:06 AM Solar energy 1

More information

Effluent Treatment Methods And Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects Handling

Effluent Treatment Methods And Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects Handling Effluent Treatment Methods And Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects Handling Dr P P Lal Krishna Chief Executive Officer Ramky Pharma City (India) Ltd Developer of Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City - Vizag TREATMENT

More information

IWC ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers

IWC ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers IWC 07-11 ZLD: New Silica Based Inhibitor Chemistry Permits Cost Effective Water Conservation for HVAC and Industrial Cooling Towers Report by Dan Duke Water Conservation Technology International water-cti.com

More information

The Pressure Is Still On: Deep Well Injection Performance for RO Concentrate Disposal. Abstract

The Pressure Is Still On: Deep Well Injection Performance for RO Concentrate Disposal. Abstract The Pressure Is Still On: Deep Well Injection Performance for RO Concentrate Disposal Christopher J. Stillwell, PE CDM Smith 555 17th Street, Suite 1100 Denver, Colorado 80204 stillwellcj@cdmsmith.com

More information

LENS-BASED CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) SYSTEMS

LENS-BASED CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) SYSTEMS SolarLens Collector LENS-BASED CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) SYSTEMS By, Asal Ibrahim Esmat Zaza Hasan Qandil ABSTRACT Concentrated solar power CSP systems usually use mirrors to collect a large area

More information

discharge summary system design

discharge summary system design liquid discharge ZLDzero summary system design ZLD TECHNOLOGY S.M.A.R.T. Z PROCESS TM S.M.A.R.T. Z PROCESS TM Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is the ultimate cutting-edge process for the total elimination

More information

The long-term future of desalination based on solar energy L avenir à long terme du dessalement basé sur l énergie solaire

The long-term future of desalination based on solar energy L avenir à long terme du dessalement basé sur l énergie solaire The long-term future of desalination based on solar energy L avenir à long terme du dessalement basé sur l énergie solaire Philip A. Davies Sharing Knowledge Across the Mediterranean (7) Tunis May 2012

More information

GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT ???? Law of Conservation of Energy. Three Major Components THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT ???? Law of Conservation of Energy. Three Major Components THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS THE SCIENCE BEHIND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Q1 GENERATING ELECTRICITY AT A POWER PLANT Unit Essential Question: How are Earth s energy resources used to generate electricity What are the advantages and disadvantages

More information

Desalination Technology Overview James C. Lozier, P.E. CH2M HILL, Tempe, AZ

Desalination Technology Overview James C. Lozier, P.E. CH2M HILL, Tempe, AZ Desalination Technology Overview James C. Lozier, P.E. CH2M HILL, Tempe, AZ Water Resources Research Center Conference Yuma, AZ Presentation Outline Introductory Concepts Desalination Processes Reverse

More information

Industrial Solar Thermal Energy. P.Ravindran, Elective course on Solar Energy and its Applications August 2012:Solar Thermal Energy

Industrial Solar Thermal Energy. P.Ravindran, Elective course on Solar Energy and its Applications August 2012:Solar Thermal Energy Industrial Solar Thermal Energy 1 Industrial Heating And primary sources of thermal energy are fossil fuels like coal, lignite, oil and gas. But upon combustion, these fuels release large quantities of

More information

Brackish Ground Water Desalination: Challenges to Inland Desalination Technologies (It sure ain t seawater desalination)

Brackish Ground Water Desalination: Challenges to Inland Desalination Technologies (It sure ain t seawater desalination) Brackish Ground Water Desalination: Challenges to Inland Desalination Technologies (It sure ain t seawater desalination) Bruce Thomson Dept. of Civil Engineering University of New Mexico (bthomson@unm.edu)

More information

Straight down the line: New linear tower tech in store for CSP sector

Straight down the line: New linear tower tech in store for CSP sector Straight down the line: New linear tower tech in store for CSP sector Posted by [1] on Dec 11, 2009 CSP Today talks to SkyFuel founder and CEO, Arnold Leitner, to learn how SkyFuel s technology will reshape

More information

AIChE Industrial Water Reuse. Applying Advanced Technologies to Reuse Applications Erik Hanson Director of Product Management, Systems

AIChE Industrial Water Reuse. Applying Advanced Technologies to Reuse Applications Erik Hanson Director of Product Management, Systems AIChE Industrial Water Reuse Applying Advanced Technologies to Reuse Applications Erik Hanson Director of Product Management, Systems May 1, 2013 GE s Portfolio Our leadership in equipment solutions: Advanced

More information

A s populations increase and sources of highquality

A s populations increase and sources of highquality E-249 04-10 Desalination Methods for Producing Drinking Water *Justin K. Mechell and Bruce Lesikar A s populations increase and sources of highquality fresh drinking water decrease, many communities have

More information

Energy. on this world and elsewhere. Instructor: Gordon D. Cates Office: Physics 106a, Phone: (434)

Energy. on this world and elsewhere. Instructor: Gordon D. Cates Office: Physics 106a, Phone: (434) Energy on this world and elsewhere Instructor: Gordon D. Cates Office: Physics 106a, Phone: (434) 924-4792 email: cates@virginia.edu Course web site available at www.phys.virginia.edu, click on classes

More information

Debiensko, Poland desalination plant treats drainage for zero liquid discharge (ZLD)

Debiensko, Poland desalination plant treats drainage for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) Water Technologies & Solutions technical paper Debiensko, Poland desalination plant treats drainage for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) Authors: Janusz Sikora, Debiensko Coal Mine Krzysztof Szyndler, Energotechnika

More information

Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters

Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters Extreme Recovery Membrane Process and Zero Liquid Discharge Low Temperature Crystallization for Treating Scaling Mine Waters Malcolm Man, Xiangchun Yin, Zhongyuan Zhou, Ben Sparrow, Susie Lee, Mitch Frank

More information

A Water Solutions Company

A Water Solutions Company STW Water Process & Technologies A Subsidiary of STW Resources Holding A Water Solutions Company OTCQB: STWS STW Water Process & Technologies Capabilities for Municipal & Industrial Applications STW WATER

More information

ENERGY RECOVERY IN DESALINATION: RETURNING ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLIES TO CONSIDERATION. Introduction

ENERGY RECOVERY IN DESALINATION: RETURNING ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLIES TO CONSIDERATION. Introduction ENERGY RECOVERY IN DESALINATION: RETURNING ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLIES TO CONSIDERATION Lance R. Littrell, P.E., Reiss Engineering, Inc., 1016 Spring Villas Pt., Winter Springs, FL 32708, lrlittrell@reisseng.com,

More information

Novel Technology for Concentration of Brine Using Membrane-Based System

Novel Technology for Concentration of Brine Using Membrane-Based System Novel Technology for Concentration of Brine Using Membrane-Based System Membrane-based brine concentrator is a major technological breakthrough in brine concentration technology that can help reduce the

More information

Sustainable Solutions for the 21 st Century Integration of Water Treatment Systems with Energy Derived from Municipal Wastes

Sustainable Solutions for the 21 st Century Integration of Water Treatment Systems with Energy Derived from Municipal Wastes Sustainable Solutions for the 21 st Century Integration of Treatment Systems with Energy Derived from Municipal Wastes Paul L. Hauck CDM Smith Tampa, Florida USA Abstract Hillsborough County is a Florida

More information

Hydroelectric Power. Renewable Energy Sources

Hydroelectric Power. Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources Hydroelectric power ~ 5% - 10% Solar energy - not large scale here Geothermal Energy - used in CA Wind Energy - various places (~1.3% of CA use) Tidal Power - not in US (used in

More information

CHANGING THE GAME FOR DESAL

CHANGING THE GAME FOR DESAL CHANGING THE GAME FOR DESAL Texas Desal 2016 Extracting Minerals From Waste Water ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE DESALINATION EWM s clean technology desalinates salty water, producing drinking water and extracting

More information

Nadeem Shakir Qatar Petroleum. The 2nd Joint Qatar Japan Environmental Symposium, QP JCCP The 21st Joint GCC Japan Environmental Symposium

Nadeem Shakir Qatar Petroleum. The 2nd Joint Qatar Japan Environmental Symposium, QP JCCP The 21st Joint GCC Japan Environmental Symposium Nadeem Shakir Qatar Petroleum Scheme of Presentation General Overview of QP Refinery, Mesaieed. Challenges in Treatment Existing Waste Water Treatment Facilities Capacity Expansion and Upgradation of WWTP

More information

Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy.

Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Section 3 Conservation of Energy Objectives Explain how energy is conserved within a closed system. Explain the law of conservation of energy. Give examples of how thermal energy is always a result of

More information

The standards would cover all of the current different types of systems in the STE field, as follows:

The standards would cover all of the current different types of systems in the STE field, as follows: SMB/6202/SBP STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN (SBP) IEC/TC OR SC: SECRETARIAT: DATE: 117 SPAIN 2017-06-29 Please ensure this form is annexed to the Report to the Standardization Management Board if it has been

More information

20-CSP Technologies. ECEGR 452 Renewable Energy Systems

20-CSP Technologies. ECEGR 452 Renewable Energy Systems 20-CSP Technologies ECEGR 452 Renewable Energy Systems Overview Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Centralized Receiver Systems (solar towers) Dish Thermal Energy Storage Hybrid Systems Dr. Louie 2 PTC Technology

More information

Wind and Solar Energy Driven RO Brackish Water Desalination

Wind and Solar Energy Driven RO Brackish Water Desalination Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC 2006 Conference Proceedings 7-18-2006 Wind and Solar Energy Driven RO Brackish Water Desalination Clark C. K. Liu Krispin Fernandes Follow this and additional

More information

Engineering & Equipment Division

Engineering & Equipment Division Since their development as practical unit operations in the late 1950 s and early 1960 s, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultra filtration (UF) have been continually expanding the scope of their applications.

More information

Sultan Qaboos University

Sultan Qaboos University ACHIEVING THE ZLD TARGET USING INTEGRATED MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION Sulaiman AL-OBAIDANI Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos University CONTENTS 1 OVERVIEW OF

More information

Siemens Solar Energy. Buenos Aires, November 2011 By Rolf Schumacher R2 Siemens AG All rights reserved

Siemens Solar Energy. Buenos Aires, November 2011 By Rolf Schumacher R2 Siemens AG All rights reserved Siemens Solar Energy Buenos Aires, November 2011 By Rolf Schumacher 2010-03-04-R2 Siemens has the answers to your burning questions 1 Why Solar / Renewable Energy? 2 What are the different technologies?

More information

We are a leader in renewable energy powered water treatment systems.

We are a leader in renewable energy powered water treatment systems. CATALOGUE 2018 1 We are a leader in renewable energy powered water treatment systems. Solar Water Solutions is a Finnish water treatment technology company. All products are designed and manufactured in

More information

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) A World Energy Solution NATIONAL BOARD MEMBERS TECHNICAL PROGRAM October 7, 2009 Steve Torkildson, P.E. Principal Engineer Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Clean, sustainable

More information

Volume I Issue X Dec 2012 IJLTEMAS ISSN

Volume I Issue X Dec 2012 IJLTEMAS ISSN Volume I Issue X Dec 2012 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 2540 Solar photovoltaic cell Manish Pareek Technical Officer ARCO Industries Mumbai India. Email: pareekmanish2@gmail.com Vineet Kumar Sharma Jagan Nath University,

More information

Solar Energy for Water desalination

Solar Energy for Water desalination Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 46 (2012 ) 220 227 1st International Symposium on Innovation and Technology in the Phosphate Industry [SYMPHOS 2011] Solar Energy for Water

More information

Professor George Stavrakakis (www.elci.tuc.gr) Dr Apostolos Apostolou(www.unitech-hellas.gr)

Professor George Stavrakakis (www.elci.tuc.gr) Dr Apostolos Apostolou(www.unitech-hellas.gr) Professor George Stavrakakis (www.elci.tuc.gr) Dr Apostolos Apostolou(www.unitech-hellas.gr) CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS (CSPPS) CSPPs utilize solar thermal power to produce electricity The

More information

CSP TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET

CSP TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET CSP TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET Technical details, operation and projects Christoph Kost Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Amman, 25 th July 2017 What is the lowest / best DNI to build a CSP

More information

NGWA INFORMATION BRIEF

NGWA INFORMATION BRIEF Brackish Groundwater What is brackish water? Brackish water does not have an exact definition, but it is typically defined as distastefully salty but less saline than seawater (between 1,000 to 10,000

More information

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has the following important advantage:

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has the following important advantage: Before Petroleum CSP vs. Other Renewable Energy Technologies Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has the following important advantage: Augmenting existing coal power plants as well as industrial

More information

Reverse Osmosis (RO) and RO Energy Recovery Devices. Steve Alt CH2M HILL November 2014

Reverse Osmosis (RO) and RO Energy Recovery Devices. Steve Alt CH2M HILL November 2014 Reverse Osmosis (RO) and RO Energy Recovery Devices Steve Alt CH2M HILL November 2014 Discussion Outline Reverse Osmosis (RO) Basics and energy consumption (SWRO) Introduction to RO Energy Recovery Devices

More information

Solar Energy-An overview

Solar Energy-An overview Solar Energy-An overview Solar is a GIANT source compared to what world uses Potential 69k Terawatts Use=16 TW Solar energy atlas of the world Solar Heat: Archimedes burning Roman Fleet in Syracuse harbor:

More information

ELG4126 Solar Energy The Ultimate Renewable Resource. Based Partially on Renewable and Efficient Electric Power System, Gilbert M.

ELG4126 Solar Energy The Ultimate Renewable Resource. Based Partially on Renewable and Efficient Electric Power System, Gilbert M. ELG4126 Solar Energy The Ultimate Renewable Resource Based Partially on Renewable and Efficient Electric Power System, Gilbert M. Masters, Wiely What is Solar Energy? 1.4 million kilometer diameter, thermonuclear

More information

SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION FOR TRANS KALAHARI CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT

SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION FOR TRANS KALAHARI CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION FOR TRANS KALAHARI CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT PHASED TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION STEP 1 A 500 KW SOLAR THERMAL-MORUPULA COAL HYBRID ELECTRIC POWER PLANT PROJECT TEAM Capital Sun Group,

More information

Funded by. EU GCC CLEAN ENERGY NETWORK II Join us: Contact us:

Funded by. EU GCC CLEAN ENERGY NETWORK II Join us:   Contact us: EU GCC CLEAN ENERGY NETWORK II Join us: www.eugcc-cleanergy.net Contact us: contact@eugcc-cleanergy.net The sun as energy source The sun as energy source The sun as energy source The solar components Radiation

More information

From Concept to Product

From Concept to Product From Concept to Product Solar Thermal Development at the Weizmann Institute Jacob Karni Environmental & Energy Research Department Weizmann October 30, 2011 1 The Problem Solar radiation is the most abundant

More information

Presented by Liangxiong Li

Presented by Liangxiong Li Presented by Liangxiong Li Participants: Ning Liu, Muraleedaaran Shanker, Xinghua Li, Allison Baca, Jianjia Yu INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS: HARVARD PETROLEUM CORP. ROBERT L. BAYLESS, PRODUCER LLC Petroleum Recovery

More information