Emulsification Properties of Bacterial Biosurfactants Native to the Yellow River Delta on Hexadecane and Diesel Oil
|
|
- Trevor Lewis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Emulsification Properties of Bacterial Biosurfactants Native to the Yellow River Delta on Hexadecane and Diesel Oil Kevin B. Cheng a,c, Zhao Jian b,d, Dr. Zhenyu Wang b,e a Department of Biological Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA b College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, , Peoples Republic of China c Intern, kevinbcheng@gmail.com, d Graduate Advisor, zhaojian047@126.com, e Mentor, wang0628@ouc.edu.cn Draft Completed 25-July 2008 Abstract The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is an important agricultural and ecological base that is being threatened by crude oil contamination. The remediation of the YRD can be potentially assisted by biosurfactants. Three native unknown biosurfactant-producing bacteria have been isolated (L1, L2, L3). In this paper, we measured the emulsification properties of the three biosurfactants in terms of emulsification activity (EA) and emulsification stability (ES) and compared them to two artificial surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100. We found the biosurfactants had comparable EA and superior ES to the two artificial surfactants. 1. Background With its close proximity to Shengli Field, China s second largest proven oilfield, the Yellow River Delta (YRD) is at high risk for crude oil contamination [1, 2]. The faltering integrity of the YRD has grave environmental consequences. In addition to being a large source of petroleum, the YRD is a habitat for endangered migratory birds as well as an important agricultural base of China [1]. Therefore, the remediation of the YRD from crude oil is needed to protect a vital food source and habitat. Due to the heavy crude oil contamination of the Yellow River Delta and the lack of a totally effective clean up program, the remediation of the delta is of high importance. Bioremediation is the degradation of toxic pollutants through biological means. Biosurfactants are attractive for bioremediation because they are biodegradable and relatively non-toxic, making it an attractive compound to be released in bulk at a remediation site [3, 4]. Biosurfactants act by emulsifying hydrocarbons, increasing the solubilization of crude oil and subsequent availability for microbial degradation [5, 6]. Previously, the Wang lab investigated the degradation of hydrocarbon bacteria native to the YRD [7]. In this paper, crude oil was substituted for hexadecane and diesel oil. Substitution was necessary since the composition of crude oil is highly variable. Crude oil is mostly composed of hydrocarbon alkanes, aromatics and heteroaromatic compounds containing sulfur or nitrogen [8]. Hexadecane is an alkane, a class of hydrocarbons of which is a large component of crude oil while diesel oil has also been cited as a good experimental substitute for crude oil [4]. Emulsification properties of surfactants were measured in terms of emulsification activity (EA) and emulsification stability (ES) [9]. EA is the ability for a surfactant to form an emulsion under given
2 conditions and is directly related to oil droplet size, the smaller the size the greater the activity. By nature, emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and eventually separate into oil and water phases [10]. Therefore, ES is the measure of how slowly an emulsion separates into oil and water phases. 2. Introduction The Yellow River Delta is an important agricultural and ecological base that is being threatened by crude oil contamination. The remediation of the YRD can be potentially assisted by biosurfactants, biodegradable and relatively non-toxic compounds that increase the uptake of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The Wang lab has isolated three unknown biosurfactant-producing (BP) strains of bacteria from the YRD (named L1, L2 and L3). The purpose of this research is to examine the biosurfactant extracted the three BP strains. In this paper, we measured the emulsification properties of the biosurfactants in terms of emulsification activity and stability with two crude oil substitutes, hexadecane and diesel oil. EA and ES of our biosurfactants were measured by turbidimetry. In an emulsion, the smaller the oil droplets the greater scattering of light [10]. As a result, we can measure EA by measuring absorbance using a spectrophotometer. ES is measured by measuring the absorbance over 60 minutes. For EA and ES, we measured the absorbance at 540nm [11]. This method is explained in detail in Section 3.4. We also compared our results with two artificial surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, and Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant. 3. Materials and Methods 3.1 Chemicals Hexadecane was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Diesel Oil was purchased from a gas station close by to the OUC Laoshan Campus, China. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS, 95%) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd, China. Triton X-100 (99%) was purchased from Qingdao Huishi Trading Co., Ltd, China. All chemicals purchased except Diesel Oil were reagent grade. 3.2 Growth of the Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria The three strains of BP bacteria (L1, L2, L3) were obtained from a culture maintained by the Wang lab, originally isolated from a petroleum contaminated region of the Yellow River Delta. The three strains were growth separately in a 5L Erlenmeyer flask containing 1L growth medium, composing of 1L H2O, 1ml hexadecane, 1g K 2 HPO 4, 1g KH 2 PO 4, 1g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4, 15g NaCl, 0.2g MgSO 4, 0.02g CaCl 2 and 0.02g FeCl 3. The bacteria were incubated at 30 C for 3 days with 2min of light shaking every day. 3.3 Extraction of the Biosurfactants The growth medium for each strain was centrifuged in 50ml test tubes at 6000rpm for 20min at room temperature to separate the bacteria from solution (Centrifuge: HC-3018R. USTC Chuangxin Co., Ltd. Zonkia Branch, China). After each spin, the supernatant was collected, which was acidified to ph 2 with HCl. The biosurfactant was extracted from the supernatant using two volumes of 500mL chloroform/ethanol (2:1) solution in a separatory funnel. The bottom layer was extracted and collected. The solvent was removed from the biosurfactant by rotary evaporation at a temperature below 40 C (Rotary Evaporator: Eyela NVC200, Tokyo Rikakikai Co,.Ltd). At heat gun was used sparingly to evaporate any remaining solvent. The weight of each product was recorded and the biosurfactants were stored in at -10 C overnight.
3 3.4 Measuring Emulsification Activity and Stability of Biosurfactants The biosurfactants were taken out of the refrigerator and were heated to room temperature. Each biosurfactant was diluted to 1g/L H2O based on its solid yield [12]. The ph of each solution was adjusted to 7-8. The emulsification activity and stability was measured using a method used by Lee et al (2008)[11]. For each biosurfactant, 4ml of biosurfactant solution was diluted with 1ml substrate (hexadecane or diesel oil). The mixture was vigorously shaken in a vortex mixer for 2min. The mixture was let stand for 10min and the turbidity was measured at 540nm using a Spectrumlab 752s spectrophotometer (Lengguang Tech., China). The blank cuvette only contained H 2 0.The emulsification activity was the measured absorbance. The absorbance was measured every 10 minutes for 60 minutes. The log of the absorbance was plotted over time and the emulsification stability was calculated as the slope of the graph. For the control test, the 4ml biosurfactant in the above protocol was replaced with 4ml H Comparison with Artificial Surfactants The emulsification activity and stability of two artificial surfactants, SDS and Triton X-100, were measured. Both surfactants were diluted to 1g/L by weight and was analyzed using the procedure in section 3.4 using hexadecane and diesel oil. 4. Results 4.1 Extraction of Biosurfactants Following the culturing the bacteria for 3 days and extraction, the solid yield was g (L1), (L2) and (L3). L1 and L2 was light yellow while L3 had a white appearance. When extracting all strains using the separatory funnels, the bottom layer contained the biosurfactant was extracted, having a clear appearance. The top layer contained impurities and were discarded, having a cloudy white appearance. 4.2 Emulsification Activity and Stability of Biosurfactants, SDS and Triton X-100 The EA of the three biosurfactants (L1, L2, L3), SDS and Triton X-100 in hexadecane or diesel oil were measured over several trails (Fig. 1). In hexadecane, the L1 and L2 biosurfactant had the highest EA and was comparable with the artificial surfactants. In diesel oil, the artificial surfactants had the highest activity compared to all three biosurfactants. The control tests had an expected activity close to zero in both hexadecane and diesel oil. The ES of the five compounds were calculated in hexadecane (Fig. 2) and diesel oil (Fig. 3). In hexadecane and diesel oil, all three biosurfactants were much more stable than the artificial surfactants. 5. Discussion Overall, the L1, L2 and L3 had comparable EA and superior ES to the two artificial surfactants (SDS and Triton X-100) at same concentration (1g/L) in H 2 0. Experimental error that could have affected our results include (1) impurities in extracted solid biosurfactant, including hexadecane and salts used in growth solution, (2) Soap contamination of glassware, increasing the observed emulsification activity, (3) Nonuniform vortexing when performed on several samples at once, leading to some to be stirred more than others before they are read in the spectrophotometer. 6. Further Work
4 Further work includes (1) Performing more emulsification property tests on Triton X100, SDS and control, (2) Determining if the difference in biosurfactant EA is statistically significant from the control and artificial surfactants (3) Varying ph, temperature and salinity, as biosurfactants have been cited as having a higher EA at these extremes, (4) Identifying the unknown bacterial strains using rrna analysis (or similar assay) (5) Characterizing structure and size of the biosurfactants using GC-MS and SDS-PAGE, (6) Verifying the bacteria was secreting biosurfactant by measuring the change in surface tension over time, (7) Further purifying the biosurfactant extract from hexadecane and salt impurities, (8) Testing other artificial surfactants, such as cationic or nonionic and finally (9) Examining the possible enhancement of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria by the addition of biosurfactant. 7. Conclusion In this paper, we measured the emulsification properties of biosurfactants secreted from three biosurfactant-producing strains of bacteria native to the Yellow River Delta. Using a previously cited methods of measurement, we found that our three unknown biosurfactants (L1, L2, L3) had comparable emulsification activity and superior emulsification stability compared to the artificial surfactants tested (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100). 8. Acknowledgements This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OISE The results, discussions, and conclusions are those of the author and not of the National Science Foundation. The relevant research was conducted at Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus under the supervision of Zhao Jian and Professor Zhenyu Wang. The author would like to thank Zhao Jian and Dr. Zhenyu Wang for their support, patience and teaching that resulted in this work. The author would also like to thank Dr. Hungtao Shen and Dr. Hayley Shen for organizing the 2008 Clarkson Marine Science and Engineering REU. The author would also like to thank the 2008 Qingdao interns for making this internship fun! 9. References 1. Xu, X., H. Lin, and Z. Fu, Probe into the method of regional ecological risk assessment--a case study of wetland in the Yellow River Delta in China. Journal of Environmental Management, (3): p Qi, S. and L. Fang, Environmental Degradation in the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, (7): p Singh, P. and S.S. Cameotra, Potential applications of microbial surfactants in biomedical sciences. Trends in Biotechnology, (3): p Rahman, P.K.S.M. and E. Gakpe, Production, Characterisation and Applications of Biosurfactants-Review. Biotechnology (2): p Menezes Bento, F., et al., Diversity of biosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oil. Microbiological Research, (3): p Zhang, G., et al., Biodegradation of crude oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of rhamnolipids. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, (8): p Udemgba, C., Z. Jian, and W. Z.Y., The Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Autochthonous Degrading Bacteria from the Yellow River Delta 2007, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, China. 8. Wainwright, M., An Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology. 1st ed. 1999: Springer. 103.
5 9. Surface Activity of Proteins: Chemical and Physicochemical Modifications. 1st ed, ed. S. Magdassi. 1996: CRC Press Pearce, K.N. and J.E. Kinsella, Emulsifying Properties of Proteins: Evaluation of a Turbidimetric Technique. J. Agric. Food Chem, (3): p Lee, S.-C., et al., Characterization of new biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella sp. Y6-1 isolated from waste soybean oil. Bioresource Technology, (7): p Pornsunthorntawee, O., et al., Structural and physicochemical characterization of crude biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SP4 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. Bioresource Technology, (6): p Figures Figure 1. Emulsification activity of the three biosurfactants (L1, L2, L3), Triton X-100, SDS and with no surfactant (control). In hexadecane, their relative activities were , , , , and , respectively. In diesel oil, their relative activities were , , , , and , respectively.
6 Figure 2. Emulsification stability of the three biosurfactants (L1, L2, L3), Triton X-100 and SDS. (control not shown) over 60 minutes with error bars. Their relative stabilities were , , , , and (control), respectively. Figure 3. Emulsification stability of the three biosurfactants (L1, L2, L3), Triton X-100 and SDS (control not shown) over 60 minutes with error bars. Their relative stabilities were , , , , and (control), respectively.
Production and characterization of biosurfactant from Pseudomonas spp
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 245-253 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Production and characterization of biosurfactant from Pseudomonas spp S.K.Arora 2, Jitesh Sony 1, Anayata
More informationBiodegradation of crude oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of rhamnolipids *
Zhang et al. / J Zhejiang Univ SCI 25 6B(8):725-73 725 Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE ISSN 19-395 http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus E-mail: jzus@zju.edu.cn Biodegradation of crude oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
More informationApplying the mutation of Bacillus subtilis and the optimization of feather fermentation medium to improve Keratinase activity
Advances in Biological Chemistry, 2012, 2, 64-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abc.2012.21008 Published Online February 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/abc/) ABC Applying the mutation of Bacillus subtilis
More informationEffects of Iron Salts on Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant Production
BIOLOGIA (PAKISTAN) 211, 57 (1&2), 121-132 PK ISSN 6-396 Effects of Iron Salts on Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant Production * MUHAMMAD IRFAN MAQSOOD 1, ASIF JAMAL 2, & HAFIZ ABDUL AZEEM 3 1 Department of Molecular
More informationIon Exchange Chromatography. Teaching Kit Manual. GeNei TM. Cat No. New Cat No. KT Revision No.:
Ion Exchange Chromatography Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT40 106191 Revision No.: 00061204 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 5 Materials Provided 7 Procedure 8 Result
More informationDevelopment of bioremediation technologies using. biosurfactants for decontamination of sludge, soil and. sediment from hazardous organics
i Development of bioremediation technologies using biosurfactants for decontamination of sludge, soil and sediment from hazardous organics SYNOPSIS In the modern developing world, contamination of environment
More informationThe Development of an Indirect Competitive. Immunomagnetic-Proximity Ligation Assay for Small-Molecule. Detection
The Development of an Indirect Competitive Immunomagnetic-Proximity Ligation Assay for Small-Molecule Detection Xuecheng Jiang, a Zhenhong Zhu, ab Zhihao Sun, a Luming Wang, a Lixiao Zhou, a Hanqiang Miao,
More informationBIODEGRADATION OF LAUNDRY WASTEWATER
BIODEGRADATION OF LAUNDRY WASTEWATER Sukanya S Nair and Dr.Swarnalatha K 1Mtech student,environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kerala, India 2 Associate Proffesor, Environmental Engineering,
More informationStudy on the Rapid Detoxification of Tank-cleaning Oily Sludge by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY3
International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environmental Science (ICAEES 2015) Study on the Rapid Detoxification of Tank-cleaning Oily Sludge by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY3 Nie Hongyun1a, Nie Maiqian1b*
More informationBIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL BY GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL BY GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS Chithra. S 1, Hema Shenpagam. N 2 1,2 PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science,Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, (India)
More informationCollege of the Canyon s Introduction to Biotechnology Course, Custom Lab
College of the Canyon s Introduction to Biotechnology Course, Custom Lab Protein Extraction and Concentration Determination Version 7-22-12 The standard curve that you created in the protein standard curve
More informationOptimization of biosurfactant production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBSC1
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 9 (2014) pp. 140-151 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Optimization of biosurfactant production from P.Anna Joice 1 * and R.Parthasarathi 2 1 Division of Microbiology,
More informationCollection of Root Exudate from Duckweed Yufang Lu, Li Sun and Weiming Shi *
Collection of Root Exudate from Duckweed Yufang Lu, Li Sun and Weiming Shi * State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
More informationBiosurfactant production from bacillus sp. and its application in the medical field
RESEARCH ARTICLE International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Pri -ISSN: 2394-5826 http://www.irjpbs.com e-issn: 2394-5834 Biosurfactant production from bacillus sp. and its application
More informationBiosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers
Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers Dr Pattanathu Rahman Biotechnology Programme Leader Teesside University - UK & Founding Director TeeGene Biotech Ltd. Wilton Centre, Wilton UK http://www.teegene.co.uk
More informationBioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated gasoline station soil by a bacterial consortium
Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated gasoline station soil by a bacterial consortium K.S.M. Rahman 1, G. Street 1, R. Lord 1, G. Kane 1 & I.M. Banat 2 1 Clean Environment Management Centre, University
More informationNEBNext RNase III RNA Fragmentation Module
SAMPLE PREPARATION NEBNext RNase III RNA Fragmentation Module Instruction Manual NEB #E6146S 100 reactions NEBNext RNase III RNA Fragmentation Module Table of Contents: Description....2 Applications....2
More informationPRELIMINARY SCREENING OF BIOSURFACTANT- PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HOT SPRING AND GARAGES IN NORTHERN THAILAND
PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF BIOSURFACTANT- PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HOT SPRING AND GARAGES IN NORTHERN THAILAND Surachai Techaoei 1*, Pimporn Leelapornpisid 1, Dammrong Santiarwarn 1 and S.
More informationDisassembly of gold nanoparticle dimers for colorimetric
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Disassembly of gold nanoparticle dimers for colorimetric determination of ochratoxin
More informationLab 1: Eau that smell
Lab 1: Eau that smell Teacher Considerations This lab provides a valuable opportunity to teach microbiology techniques, population growth dynamics, molecular genetics and basic synthetic biology concepts
More informationDNA Purification Magnetic Beads
DNA Purification Magnetic Beads Catalog #: 801-109 User Manual Last revised December 17 th, 2018 Caution: Extraordinarily useful information enclosed ISO 13485 Certified 3607 Parkway Lane, Suite 100 Norcross,
More informationBacteria Genomic DNA Purification Kit
Bacteria Genomic DNA Purification Kit Cat #:DP025/ DP025-150 Size:50/150 reactions Store at RT For research use only 1 Description: The Bacteria Genomic DNA Purification Kit provides a rapid, simple, and
More informationTissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Cat. #:DP021/ DP Size:50/150 reactions Store at RT For research use only
Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit Cat. #:DP021/ DP021-150 Size:50/150 reactions Store at RT For research use only 1 Description: The Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit provides a rapid,
More informationSialyltransferase Activity Kit Catalog Number: EA002
Sialyltransferase Activity Kit Catalog Number: EA002 The protocol presented is for a 96-well format. Materials provided are sufficient for two 96-well microplates or equivalent. This package insert must
More informationGenomic DNA Mini Kit (Blood/Cultured Cell) For research use only
Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Blood/Cultured Cell) For research use only Sample : up to 300 µl of whole blood, up to 200 µl of frozen blood, up to 200 µl of buffy coat, cultured animal cells (up to 1 x 107), 9
More informationBio-Surfactant Production by Pseudomonasaeruginosa ATCC 9027 and It s Application in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 5, Issue 11 (November 2016), PP.50-54 Bio-Surfactant Production by Pseudomonasaeruginosa
More informationGrowth, Purification, and Characterization of P450 cam
1. Cell growth without isotopic labeling Growth, Purification, and Characterization of P450 cam Growth medium Per liter (all components are previously sterilized by either autoclave or filtration): 5 M9
More informationRayBio Genomic DNA Magnetic Beads Kit
RayBio Genomic DNA Magnetic Beads Kit Catalog #: 801-112 User Manual Last revised January 4 th, 2017 Caution: Extraordinarily useful information enclosed ISO 13485 Certified 3607 Parkway Lane, Suite 100
More informationApplication of Screening Effect when Sampling Suspension in Bioremediation Process
Research Article imedpub Journals http://www.imedpub.com Journal of Health & Medical Economics ISSN 247-9927 Vol. No. :2 DOI: 0.2767/247-9927.00028 Application of Screening Effect when Sampling Suspension
More informationPhysical State in Which Naphthalene and Bibenzyl are Utilized by Bacteria
APPLIED MicRosoLowy, June 1972, p. 1077-1081 Copyright i 1972 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 6 Printed in U.S.A. Physical State in Which Naphthalene and Bibenzyl are Utilized by Bacteria
More informationLAB 1: Eau that smell
LAB 1: Eau that smell Compare 2 competing designs to optimize system performance Acknowledgements: This lab was developed with materials and guidance from the MIT 2006 igem team, as well as technical insights
More informationDNA Extraction DNA Extraction (small scale) using CTAB method
DNA Extraction DNA Extraction (small scale) using CTAB method This method is relatively simple, and has been used successfully with a wide range of monocot and dicot species. The method may be used with
More informationHurricane Miniprep Kit PROTOCOL
Hurricane Miniprep Kit PROTOCOL Description: The Hurricane Miniprep Kit is designed for purification of up to 25 ug of high purity plasmid DNA from a starting volume of 2-5 ml of bacterial culture. The
More informationEasy Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Cat. #:DP021E/ DP021E-150 Size:50/150 reactions Store at RT For research use only
Easy Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit Cat. #:DP021E/ DP021E-150 Size:50/150 reactions Store at RT For research use only 1 Description: The Easy Tissue & Cell Genomic DNA Purification Kit is ideal
More informationStandard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Biobanking Sampling Procedure Manual Use
Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Biobanking Sampling Procedure Manual Use 1. Oragene TM DNA Purification Protocol for use with Self-Collection kit of human sliva samples, OG-500 1.1. Equipment and
More informationNote: for laboratory research use only. RNA High-purity Total RNA Rapid Extraction Kit (Spin-column) Signalway Biotechnology
Note: for laboratory research use only RNA High-purity Total RNA Rapid Extraction Kit (Spin-column) Cat. #: RP1202 (50preps) Signalway Biotechnology I. Kit Content, Storage Condition and Stability Content
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Using Virulent
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Using Virulent Phages
More informationBioTeke Corporation. Endotoxin-free Plasmid DNA Mini-preparation Kit. (Spin-column) Note: for laboratory research use only.
Note: for laboratory research use only. Endotoxin-free Plasmid DNA Mini-preparation Kit (Spin-column) Cat. # DP2601 (20 preps) DP2602 (50 preps) BioTeke Corporation 1 I. Kit Content Storage and Stability
More informationContinuous bioremediation of phenol polluted air in an external loop airlift bioreactor with packed bed Hossein Nikakhtari 1 and Gordon A.
CONTINUOUS BIOREMEDIATION OF PHENOL POLLUTED AIR IN AN EXTERNAL LOOP AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR 211 Continuous bioremediation of phenol polluted air in an external loop airlift bioreactor with packed bed Hossein
More informationTransfection of Axol TM Human Neural Progenitor Cells (hnpcs) using Axol ReadyFect TM
Transfection of Axol TM Human Neural Progenitor Cells (hnpcs) using Axol ReadyFect TM Catalog No. ax0051 Application Protocol Version 2.0 Table of Contents Contents & Storage 3 Axol ReadyFect TM Technology
More informationBioremediation of Trichlorpyr Butoxyethyl Ester (TBEE) in bioreactor using adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa in scale up process technique
eissn: 09748369, www.biolmedonline.com Bioremediation of Trichlorpyr Butoxyethyl Ester (TBEE) in bioreactor using adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa in scale up process technique MH Fulekar*, M Geetha, J Sharma
More informationPart Number: GY-SMPE010. Smart PEI. Instructions for Use. For research use only. Not for use in humans.
Transfection Part Number: GY-SMPE010 Reagent Instructions for Use For research use only. Not for use in humans. Transfection Reagent 1. Intended Use SmartPEI reagent is a low toxicity, serum-compatible
More informationREMOVAL OF KYANIDES FROM MODEL WATERS
REMOVAL OF KYANIDES FROM MODEL WATERS Jana Muselíková 1), Jíří Palarčík 1), Eva Slehová 1), Zuzana Blažková 1), Vojtěch Trousil 1), Sylva Janovská 2) 1) Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,
More informationTable of Content. I. Kit component II. Storage III. Principle IV. Protocol V. Reference data...4-7
Table of Content I. Kit component... 2 II. Storage... 2 III. Principle... 3 IV. Protocol... 3 V. Reference data...4-7 Denaturation and refolding of lysozyme... 4 Denaturation and refolding of citrate synthase...
More informationLaboratory protocol for manual purification of DNA from whole sample
Laboratory protocol for manual purification of DNA from whole sample Ethanol precipitation protocol and prepit L2P reagent for the purification of genomic DNA from the Oragene and ORAcollect families of
More informationPurification and Characterization of a DNA Plasmid Part A CHEM 4581: Biochemistry Laboratory I Version: January 18, 2008
Purification and Characterization of a DNA Plasmid Part A CHEM 4581: Biochemistry Laboratory I Version: January 18, 2008 INTRODUCTION DNA Plasmids. A plasmid is a small double-stranded, circular DNA molecule
More informationFORMULATION OF BACTERIAL CONSORTIA AND STUDYING THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT
CHAPTER 5 FORMULATION OF BACTERIAL CONSORTIA AND STUDYING THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT 5.1. Introduction Based on the biodegradability, the industrial pollutants have been classified
More informationMagExtactor -His-tag-
Instruction manual MagExtractor-His-tag-0905 F0987K MagExtactor -His-tag- Contents NPK-701 100 preparations Store at Store at 4 C [1] Introduction [2] Components [3] Materials required [4] Protocol3 1.
More informationRefold SK Protein Refolding Kit
Refold SK Protein Refolding Kit 2.5mg SK v5. 2 Table of Contents Introduction...4 Kit Content...5 Instruction for Use...6 Troubleshooting Guide...9 Application Notes...16 Introduction Overexpression of
More informationGel Extraction & PCR Purification Combo Kit (Spin-column)
Note: for laboratory research use only. Gel Extraction & PCR Purification Combo Kit (Spin-column) Cat#: DP1501 (50 preps) DP1502 (100 preps) DP1503 (200 preps) BioTeke Corporation I. Kit Content Storage
More informationBiosurfactant Production by Microorganism for Enhanced Oil Recovery
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 7, July- Biosurfactant Production by Microorganism for Enhanced Oil Recovery Elyas Golabi, Seyed Ruhollah Mortazavi Poor Sogh,
More informationProtocol for DNA extraction from FFPE Samples
25, ave Georges Lemaître - B-6041 Gosselies (Belgique) Tel : +32 (0)71 37 85 27 - Fax : +32 (0)71 34 78 79 Protocol for DNA extraction from FFPE Samples Step 1. Paraffin Removal 1 Equilibrate a heat block
More informationRibonucleic acid (RNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is more often found in nature as a singlestrand folded onto itself. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mrna) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous
More informationBiodegradation of karathane using adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa in scale up process
Romanian Biotechnological Letters Vol. 16, No. 2, 2011 Copyright 2011 University of Bucharest Printed in Romania. All rights reserved ORIGINAL PAPER Biodegradation of karathane using adapted Pseudomonas
More informationPROCEDURE FOR USE NICKEL NTA Magnetic Agarose Beads (5%)
1 AFFINITY HIS-TAG PURIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR USE NICKEL NTA Magnetic Agarose Beads (5%) DESCRIPTION Nickel NTA Magnetic Agarose Beads are products that allow rapid and easy small-scale purification of
More informationBioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil using Sewage Sludge
Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil using Sewage Sludge K.Madhumitha R 1, N.Manikumari 2 1 Civil Department, Annamalai University Abstract: This research were evaluated the study on bioremediation
More informationTNF (Pig) ELISA Kit. Catalog Number KA assays Version: 05. Intended for research use only.
TNF (Pig) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA1823 96 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General Information...
More information1 Introduction (Courtesy:
1 Introduction Petroleum, a natural and non-renewable source of energy, is considered the lifeblood of many other industries and of the industrialized civilization as well. The world consumption of oil,
More informationVersion 1.4, Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, February 7,2013, developed by Bernhard Hofinger and Bradley Till
Low-cost DNA extraction for recalcitrant plant species Version 1.4, Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, February 7,2013, developed by Bernhard Hofinger and Bradley Till 1. OBJECTIVE The PBGL has developed
More informationDNA Damage Quantification Kit
DNA Damage Quantification Kit Catalog Number KA0784 25 assays Version: 04 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationDay 3 - Al incubation steps to be performed with gentile agitation on an orbital shaker, unless otherwise indicated.
Title: RNA in situ hybridization (from Dr. Eric Domyan) Rationale and background: To visualize gene expression by binding a tagged probe to target mrna Protocol: DAY 0 Dissect tissue, fix in 4% paraformaldehyde
More informationStevens Ecology. Project Report. Biodegradation and Ecotoxicity testing of Strancore by OECD 302B, and OECD 202 Protocols.
Stevens Ecology Project Report August 10, 2010 PREPARED FOR: The Grignard Company Rahway, NJ PROJECT NUMBER: 2930 REV 1 OFFICE 1710 State Road Mosier, OR 97040 USA VOICE (541) 478-0594 (866) 942-7601 Biodegradation
More informationE.Z.N.A. Bacterial RNA Kit. R preps R preps
E.Z.N.A. Bacterial RNA Kit R6950-00 5 preps R6950-01 50 preps July 2017 E.Z.N.A. Bacterial RNA Kit Table of Contents Introduction and Overview...2 Kit Contents/Storage and Stability...3 Before Beginning...4
More informationINSTRUCTIONS The resins are adapted to work mainly in native conditions like denaturing.
1 AFFINITY HIS-TAG PURIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR USE Nickel NTA Agarose Beads DESCRIPTION Resins are products that allow batch or column purifications. This product is supplied as a suspension in 50% aqueous
More informationTIANamp Yeast DNA Kit
TIANamp Yeast DNA Kit For isolation of genomic DNA from yeast cells www.tiangen.com/en DP121221 TIANamp Yeast DNA Kit Kit Contents (Spin Column) Cat. no. DP307 Contents Buffer GA Buffer GB Buffer GD Buffer
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 14, 6(5):7-33 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Impact of de-aeration methods on the culture of Clostridium
More informationHiPer Gel Extraction Teaching Kit (Column Based)
HiPer Gel Extraction Teaching Kit (Column Based) Product Code: HTBM010 Number of experiments that can be performed: 10 Duration of Experiment Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: 1 hour Protocol: 1 hour Agarose
More informationTexas Hazardous Waste Research Center
TO: FROM: SUBJECT: Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center Dr. Mary Jo Kirisits and Ms. Sarah Keithley The University of Texas at Austin Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering
More informationHigh-purity HEPES, indole 3-carboxyaldehyde and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine
Materials and methods High-purity HEPES, indole 3-carboxyaldehyde and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (India). NaN 3 was purchased from Merck (India). Solvents
More informationDNA Damage Quantification Kit
DNA Damage Quantification Kit Catalog Number KA0784 25 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationBIOSURFACTANTS PRODUCED BY A NEWLY ISOLATED PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS HW-6 DURING GROWTH ON HEXADECANE
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BALKAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF BIOLOGY IN PLOVDIV (BULGARIA) FROM 19 TH TILL 21 ST OF MAY 2005 (EDS B. GRUEV, M. NIKOLOVA AND A. DONEV), 2005 (P. 218 225) BIOSURFACTANTS PRODUCED BY
More informationKit Components and Reagents
A Users Guide Kit Components and Reagents The SOS ChromoTest TM is a test developed for the detection of genotoxicmaterials that cause damage to a cell s DNA. Developed to test for the presence of genotoxicmaterials
More informationIsolation of oil- degrading microorganisms from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
Isolation of oil- degrading microorganisms from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons Mohsen Soleimani,M. A. Hajabbasi 1, Hossein Mirdamadian and Arash Ansari 2 1- Isfahan University of Technology,
More informationData Sheet. PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L1 Inhibitor Colorimetric Screening Assay Kit Catalog # Size: 96 reactions
Data Sheet PD-1[Biotinylated]:PD-L1 Inhibitor Colorimetric Screening Assay Kit Catalog # 72018 Size: 96 reactions DESCRIPTION: Cell signaling through the PD-1 receptor upon binding the PD-L1 ligand attenuates
More informationParametric Optimization of Media for the Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Crude Oil Contaminated Site
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 322-328 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Parametric Optimization of Media for the Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Crude Oil Contaminated
More informationA Discovery Laboratory Investigating Bacterial Gene Regulation
Chapter 8 A Discovery Laboratory Investigating Bacterial Gene Regulation Robert Moss Wofford College 429 N. Church Street Spartanburg, SC 29307 mosssre@wofford.edu Bob Moss is an Associate Professor of
More informationPlasmid DNA Extraction Miniprep Kit
BIO BASIC Plasmid DNA Extraction Miniprep Kit 9K-006-0009s (10 preps) 9K-006-0009 (100 preps) 9K-006-0010 (200 preps) For Research Use Only Index Plasmid DNA Extraction Miniprep Kit Introduction 3 Important
More informationApproved for NPDES (Editorial Revision 1978) Silica, Dissolved (Colorimetric)
METHOD #: 370.1 TITLE: Approved for NPDES (Editorial Revision 1978) Silica, Dissolved (Colorimetric) ANALYTE: Silica, SiO 2 INSTRUMENTATION: Spectrophotometer STORET No. Dissolved 00955 1.0 Scope and Application
More informationVol. 25 No JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES May, 2010 : F : A : ( 2010) : ( ) ; ( 2006 BAD10A10)
25 5 Vol. 25 No. 5 2010 5 JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES May, 2010 1, 2, 3 ( 1., 257026; 2. ( ), 266555; 3., 257091) :,, GIS,,,, : ; ; ; : F301. 24 : A : 1000-3037( 2010) 05-0842 - 08,, 2009 11 23,,,,,,
More informationBioluminescence in Vibrio spp.: A Mechanism for Redox Homeostasis?
Bioluminescence in Vibrio spp.: A Mechanism for Redox Homeostasis? James MBL Microbial Diversity Course 2015 Abstract Cells rely intimately on dinucleotide cofactors for metabolism. Various metabolic pathways
More informationMICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN OILY SLUDGE WASTES M I C K Y V I N C E N T
MICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN OILY SLUDGE WASTES M I C K Y V I N C E N T I N T R O D U C T I O N Petroleum-hydrocarbon compositions vary greatly in its complex
More informationin Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
Super Oil Magician Team Nankai in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Contents Introduction Design Construction of Plasmid Transformation of E.coli Transformation of Pseudomonas stutzeri Physical Simulation
More informationJournal of Al-Nahrain University Vol.13 (1), March, 2010, pp Science
Journal of Al-Nahrain University Vol (), March,, pp- Science THE EFFECT OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON BIODEGRADATION AND BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION BY SERRATIA MARCESCENS UTILIZING WEATHERED
More informationO-GlcNAcase Activity Assay
O-GlcNAcase Activity Assay Prepared by Jen Groves and Junfeng Ma, The Johns Hopkins Unviersity School of Medicine Based on: Macauley MS et al., 2005. O-GlcNAcase uses substrate-assisted catalysis: kinetic
More informationAuPreP Plasmid Midi Kit Cat. #: PMD12-143LT (25 preps/kit) PMD12-145LT (50 preps/kit)
AuPreP Plasmid Midi Kit Cat. #: PMD12-143LT (25 preps/kit) PMD12-145LT (50 preps/kit) AuPreP Plasmid Midi Kit is designed for rapid isolation of plasmid DNA of superior quality from an average of 25-100
More informationDiesel and Kerosene Degradation by Pseudomonas desmolyticum. 2112) and Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans NCIM 2386 (Nh
Curr Microbiol (8) 56:581 586 DOI 1.17/s284-8-9128-6 Diesel and Kerosene Degradation by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 and Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans NCIM 2386 Satish Kalme Æ Ganesh Parshetti Æ Sushma
More informationZYMOLYASE PROTOCOLS. 7. Spin 2 minutes in microfuge, pour super into a fresh tube and repeat spin. Remove 500 ul to a fresh tube.
1 ZYMOLYASE PROTOCOLS Smash and Grab Zymolyase PROVIDED BY: DAVID AMBERG 1. Grow cells in 3mls selective media o/n 2. Pellet cells by 2 quick spins in a microfuge 3. Re-suspend cells in 200 u1 of the following
More informationSupporting Information. A one-step sensitive dynamic light scattering method for. adenosine detection using split aptamer fragments
Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Supporting Information for A one-step sensitive dynamic light scattering method for adenosine
More informationLow-cost DNA extraction for use in TILLING and Ecotilling assays
Low-cost DNA extraction for use in TILLING and Ecotilling assays Version 1.3 (January 31, 2013) Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory Prepared by Bernhard Hofinger and Bradley Till 1. MATERIALS Company
More informationLow cost and non-toxic genomic DNA extraction for use in molecular marker studies.
Low cost and non-toxic genomic DNA extraction for use in molecular marker studies. Version 1.4, February 28 th, 2013. Prepared by Bernhard Hofinger, Owen Huynh and Brad Till. 1. OBJECTIVE To develop and
More informationEcoli 360 HCP ELISA ELISA Kit for the Determination of Ecoli-HCP in process-derived Samples
Ecoli 360 HCP ELISA ELISA Kit for the Determination of Ecoli-HCP in process-derived Samples FOR IN VITRO USE ONLY 1 INTENDED USE The supplied Ecoli 360 HCP ELISA kit is a sandwich ELISA to be performed
More informationGRS Genomic DNA Kit BroadRange - #GK
revised: 18 05 2012 printed: 21 05 2012 GRS Genomic DNA Kit BroadRange - #GK06.0100 (FOR RESEARCH ONLY) Sample : up to 200µl of whole blood (fresh or frozen), up to 25 mg of tissue, up to 25mg of paraffinembedded
More informationHis-Spin Protein Miniprep
INSTRUCTIONS His-Spin Protein Miniprep Catalog No. P2001 (10 purifications) and P2002 (50 purifications). Highlights Fast 5 minute protocol to purify His-tagged proteins from cell-free extracts Screen
More informationPD-1 [Biotinylated] : PD-L1 Inhibitor Screening ELISA Assay Pair
PD-1 [Biotinylated] : PD-L1 Inhibitor Screening ELISA Assay Pair Pack Size: 96 tests / 480 tests Catalog Number:EP-101 IMPORTANT: Please carefully read this manual before performing your experiment. For
More informationDynamic light scattering (DLS)-based immunoassay for. ultrasensitive detection of tumor marker protein
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of
More informationfoodproof Sample Preparation Kit III
For food testing purposes FOR IN VITRO USE ONLY Version 1, June 2015 For isolation of DNA from raw material and food products of plant and animal origin for PCR analysis Order No. S 400 06.1 Kit for 50
More informationRen Lab ENCODE in situ HiC Protocol for Tissue
Ren Lab ENCODE in situ HiC Protocol for Tissue Pulverization, Crosslinking of Tissue Note: Ensure the samples are kept frozen on dry ice throughout pulverization. 1. Pour liquid nitrogen into a mortar
More informationUSER GUIDE. HiYield TM Total RNA Extraction Kit
USER GUIDE HiYield TM Total RNA Extraction Kit Precautions I) Handling Requirements Do not use a kit after its expiration date has passed. Some reagents contain the hazardous compounds guanidine thiocyanate
More informationBaseline Characterization. The baseline characterization consists of the following tasks:
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF Provect-OX SELF-ACTIVATING ISCO / ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION REAGENT Objective. Evaluate the performance of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) / Enhanced Bioremediation using Provect-OX
More information