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1 Title: CEDEX Proposal for Use of CHRIS imagery for Monitoring oring Ecological Water Quality in smallest Mediterranean Reservoirs integrated in the Intercalibration Exercise of WFD Implementation Process (AO 3123) Authors: Peña-Mart Martínez, Ramón; Ruiz-Verd Verdú,, Antonio; Domínguez nguez-gómez, José-Antonio Centre for Hydrographic Studies of CEDEX (Spain( Spain) Topic/subtopic : Ecological Water Quality, Photosynthetic pigments,, Remote sensing

2 CEDEX proposed CHRIS activities for 2005, trough two AO Projects (AO 2830 since 2004 and AO 3123 new for 2005) in the frame of a Project funded by the Spanish Environment Ministry, for Monitoring the Water Quality, specifically Chlorophyll-a mean summer concentration assessment, in reservoirs included in the Geographic Intercalibration Group for Mediterranean Lakes, leaded by Spain,, in the Common Implementation Strategy of European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD).

6 The purpose of the Intercalibration exercise is to ensure comparable ecological quality assessment systems and harmonised ecological quality criteria for surface waters in the Member States. This ensures a harmonised approach to define one of the main environmental objectives of the WFD, the good ecological status, by establishing: Agreed ecological quality criteria for good quality sites, setting s the targets for protection and restoration Agreed numerical Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) values for two quality class boundaries (high/good and good/moderate)

7 What will be intercalibrated is not ecological status, but the outcome (as status classes) of the numerical (EQR) values s for the biological quality elements in Member State s s assessment systems. The ecological status is determined by the lower of the values ( high / good / moderate / poor / bad ) of the relevant biological and physico-chemical chemical monitoring results for the relevant quality elements. (WFD Annex V, Article (i) )

8 To carry out intercalibration of the surface water ecological quality status assessment systems by 2006 (Annex( V) V Establishment of the intercalibration network Selection of types and sites based on common criteria Data collection & data handling for intercalibration Common criteria for data requirements Process of data exchange Additional sampling, if necessary Intercalibration exercise Assessment of ecological status of intercalibration sites (calculation of EQR values) Comparing different EQR values calculated for common intercalibration sites Analysis and reporting of the results Setting the class boundary EQR values of national assessment systems

9 Geographical Intercalibration Groups (GIG) The intercalibration network must be confined to ecoregions ecoregions. Ecoregions can either be interpreted as those specified in Annex XI of the Directive (the Illies ecoregions for lakes and rivers, and much wider regions for coastal and transitional waters), or can be defined in a wider sense. For lakes: five Alpine, Mediterranean). For Alpine, GIG LM : : five intercalibration groups (Northern, Atlantic, Central, Spain (leader), Portugal, France, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Romania

10 Rivers Lakes Transitional waters Coastal waters Heavily modified waters Selection of water types for each Ecoregion 1 Minimum 2 sites between high ---- good status 2 Selection of sites Using expert judgement on joint inspections & all available information Minimum 2 sites between good -- moderate status Draft register for Intercalibration network

11 Quality High border Select 2 or more sites from each country representing borders between high-good and good-moderate Good border Moderate [ High, Good, Moderate, Poor, Bad ] Pressure

12 common WFD assessment method in the GIG. In the L-M L M GIG, the common method comes to be the assessment of chlorophyll concentration from a sample collected at, or immediately below, the water surface, once in summer season. as an interim common method for IC purposes until a more sufficient method is implemented, in search of a more reliable outcome. More e specifically, an improved chlorophyll assessment method could be agreed among the GIG countries, increasing somewhat the annual number of samples and adopting a common sampling strategy. As an alternative approach to increased sampling, or in addition to it, satellite remote sensing imagery may provide a valuable tool in monitoring the variability of algal biomass and assessing the mean summer values of chlorophyll concentration at water surface.

13 The Geographic Intercalibration Group for Mediterranean Lakes, after the analysis of Problem of data availability, decided to develop during 2005 a special program for additional monitoring in the selected reservoirs, in general with information lacks. This Plan includes an special effort from the Member States providing several monitoring dates along the year supporting Remote Sensing activities ties to develop thematic mapping expanding the sampling points information in order to represent the whole water surface and permitting the assessment of the most t accurate mean summer Chlorophyll-a a and Phycocyanin concentration in the photic layer as expresion of eutrophication level, main pressure recognised in the Lakes of this Group. The site selected, setting the Ecological Quality borders high-good good and good- moderate, must represent as well as possible these boundaries to can compare with the other/s country/ies with reservoirs of the same Intercalibration type. In this frame is essential the role of Remote Sensing application n to provide comparable information on lakes along the summer period.

15 European Union Water Framework Directive (EU WFD) Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) Intercalibration Exercise Geographic Intercalibration Group LM Mediterranean Lakes and Reservoirs (ES leader,, PT, FR, IT, GR, CY, RO) 50 reservoirs included in this process

16 In that frame, the GIG LM, leaded by Spain, and coordinated by Jose L. Ortiz (Ministry( of Environment), knowing the CEDEX experience in the Inland Water Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration assessment using Satellite Remote Sensing (MERIS and CHRIS imagery), specially the results achieved in the CHRIS activities developped along the year 2004 on Rosarito Reservoir, proposed this Project. The proposal includes 6 small reservoir selected from the 50 water bodies of the Group, located in three countries (Romania, Cyprus and Italy); in addition to the 4 smallest spanish selected reservoirs. The goal is optimize the evaluation of EQR* (ratio between actual and reference values) in function of mean summer concentration of Chlorophyll-a in the photic layer, adding the knowledge of distribution pattern along the water surface. * Ecological Quality Ratio

17 PROPOSED NEW EMPIRICAL MERIS ALGORITHM USING ROSARITO DATA (TO BE VALIDATED IN 2005) DATA DATA ROSARITO ROSARITO DATA DATA Lineal ( DATA) y = x R 2 = CHLOROPHYLL-a (mg m -3 ) Workshop on MERIS the Exploitation 9 / MERIS 7 of Data Products from the Compact High Resolution

18 Chlorophyll-a concentration... as expression of Trophic level 120 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE W14/W12 REFLECTANCE RATIO AND MEASURED CHLOROPHYLL-a CLOROPHYLL-A (mg m-3) y = x R 2 = Workshop on the W14/W12 Exploitation of Data Products from the Compact High Resolution

19 PROPOSED NEW EMPIRICAL MERIS ALGORITHM USING ROSARITO DATA (TO BE VALIDATED IN 2005) y = x R 2 = PHYCOCYANIN (mg m -3 ) PC FIELD ROSARITO MERIS 9 / MERIS 6

20 Chlorophyll-a concentration 20/05/ >250 mg m -3

21 100 EVOLUTION OF MEASURED AND ESTIMATED CHLOROPHYLL-A (SAMPLING POINT B ) CHL-a (mg m -3 ) MEASURED CHL-a ESTIMATED CHL-a Summer period 0 22/04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/2004 DATE

22 Phycocyanin concentration... as expression of Cyanobacterial pressure 350 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE W14/W9 REFLECTANCE RATIO AND MEASURED PHYCOCYANIN PHYCOCYANIN (mg m -3 ) y = x R 2 = Workshop on the Exploitation W14/W9 of Data Products from the Compact High Resolution

23 Phycocyanin concentration 20/05/ >250 mg m -3

24 350 EVOLUTION OF MEASURED AND ESTIMATED PHYCOCYANIN (SAMPLING POINT B ) PC (mg m -3 ) MEASURED PC ESTIMATED PC 50 Summer period 0 22/04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/2004 DATE

25 Objectives for the WFD implementation: - Research and development of an operational system to evaluate the t mean summer concentration of Chlorophyll-a a in the photic layer using CHRIS image sets, in order to assess the Ecological Quality Status of water bodies, selected because are representing the boundaries between b high/good and good/moderate status, in the frame of the intercalibration exercise of WFD CIS in Mediterranean member countries. CHRIS-PROBA activities Objectives: - Mapping of Chlorophyll-a a temporal and spatial distribution, validating also several algorithms for Phycocyanin and other Phytoplankton pigments developed for MERIS bands. - Checking the correlation between the satellite derived data with the whole photic layer information. - Using the multiangular capabilities of PROBA to improve the model accuracy, study the Fresnel reflectance effects and provide the selection of radiometrically best angular images.

26 Ground campaigns tasks: - Monthly in summer period from May 2005 until October 2005 (adapted to CHRIS-Proba calendar), measuring: Phytoplankton taxonomic composition and biomass; Chlorophyll-a a and other Phytoplankton pigment composition; Nutrients concentration; Secchi disk depth transparency; Physicochemical parameters assessment. Imagery needs: - Quantity: desirable 1 image per month, preferably may-october october. - Type: Water bands, Mode 2. Full Swath, High Resolution, Multiangular (5 angles)

27 Proposal AO 2830 The Area of work includes: - Rosarito reservoir,, Central Spain, since april 2004; - Vilasouto reservoir,, in Galicia, Northwestern Spain; - Tanes reservoir,, in Asturias, Northern Spain; - Agueda reservoir,, in Castilla-Le León, Western Spain; - Guadalest reservoir,, in Valencia, Eastern Spain;

Site 4 Name & Location of site Tanes reservoir, Nalon river, Northern basins, Northern Spain Site 3 Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e. 10.

28 Site 4 Name & Location of site Tanes reservoir, Nalon river, Northern basins, Northern Spain Site 3 Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e Name & Location of site [two decimal points as minimum; Vilasouto North and reservoir, East = Mao river, Galician basins, positive; South and West = negative] northwestern Spain ; Center coordinates in decimal Altitude Degrees of site [metres i.e above sea level] [two decimal points as minimum; Preferred North date or and time East range = for data take (please per month may-oct if possible, always trying to positive; South and West indicate = negative] if associated with field work!) ; coincide the field work with the acquisition. Altitude of site [metres above Mode(s) sea level] Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Preferred Site date 2 or time range Would for you data prefer take the (please multi-angle 1 per 5-image month set may-oct or is a if possible, We prefers always multiangular trying to images, very useful in many indicate Name if associated & Location with nadir-image of field site work!) sufficient? coincide Agueda the field reservoir, work with cases, Agueda the selecting acquisition. river, Duero If the most basin, adequate Western angle. Since more than 1 site, please currently insert taking with a priority images Mode(s) Site 1 Mode Spain 2 Water bands; full European resolution; Water full ranking swath. Framework (Site 1 Directive. = Highest Geographic priority) Would Center you prefer coordinates the multi-angle Any in decimal additional 5-image Degrees information/remarks set i.e is a We prefers multiangular Intercalibration images, very useful Group. in many Mediterranean lakes Name Site of 5PI Ramón Peña-Martínez nadir-image [two decimal sufficient? points as minimum; Project North and East = Name Name cases, selecting the most adequate angle. & Location of site Use Guadalest of CHRIS reservoir, for Monitoring Guadalest Water river, Quality Jucar in basin, positive; South and West = negative] European Water ; Framework Directive. Selected Geographic Eastern Reservoirs Any additional Spain Altitude of information/remarks site [metres above sea ID level] within Center EOPI Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e Preferred date or time range for data Name take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to [two & decimal Location points of site as minimum; North and East = Rosarito reservoir, Tietar river, Central Spain indicate if associated with field work!) Center coincide the field work with the acquisition. positive; coordinates South and in decimal West = Degrees negative] i.e ; Mode(s) [two Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Altitude decimal of points site [metres as minimum; above North sea level] East = Would you prefer the multi-angle positive; 5-image set or is a prefers multiangular images, very useful in many Preferred South date and or West time = range negative] for data take (please 1 per ; month may-oct if possible, always trying to nadir-image sufficient? Altitude cases, selecting the most adequate angle. indicate of site if associated [metres above with field sea level] work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Preferred European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Mode(s) date or time range for data take (please 1 per Mode month, 2 Water 2 per month bands; may-oct full resolution; if possible, full swath. always Any additional information/remarks indicate Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes Would if associated you prefer with the multi-angle field work!) 5-image set or is trying a We to prefers coincide multiangular the field work images, with very the acquisition. useful in many Mode(s) nadir-image sufficient? Mode cases, 2 Water selecting bands; the full most resolution; adequate full angle. swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We European prefers multiangular Water Framework images, very Directive. useful in Geographic many nadir-image Any additional Workshop sufficient? information/remarks on the Exploitation of Data cases, Products Intercalibration selecting from the Group. most the Compact adequate Mediterranean angle. High Resolution lakes Cyanobacteria assessment and evolution control; (21-23 March Any 2005, additional ESRIN. information/remarks Frascati,, Italy) MERIS algorithms validation.

29 Proposal AO 3123 The Area of work includes: -Kouris reservoir and -Asprokremmos reservoir,, in Cyprus Island; -Sacele reservoir and -Bezid reservoir,, in Romania; -Punta Gennarta reservoir and -Cucchinadorza reservoir,, in Sardegna Island, Italy

30 Bezid Res. Sacele Res. Cucchinadorza Res. Punta Gennarta Res. Asprokremmos Res. Kouris Res.

31 Kouris Res. Asprokremmos Res.

33 Site 2 Name & Location of site Asprokremmos reservoir, Cyprus island Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e [two decimal points as minimum; North and East = positive; South and West = negative] ; ETRS89 Altitude of site [metres above sea level] Preferred date or time range for data take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to indicate if associated with field work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Mode(s) Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We prefers multiangular images, very useful in many nadir-image sufficient? cases, selecting the most adequate angle. European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Any additional information/remarks Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes

35 Bezid Res. Sacele Res.

36 Site 3 Name & Location of site Sacele reservoir, Romania Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e [two decimal points as minimum; North and East = positive; South and West = negative] ; ETRS89 Altitude of site [metres above sea level] Preferred date or time range for data take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to indicate if associated with field work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Mode(s) Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We prefers multiangular images, very useful in many nadir-image sufficient? cases, selecting the most adequate angle. European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Any additional information/remarks Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes

37 Site 4 Name & Location of site Bezid reservoir, Romania Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e [two decimal points as minimum; North and East = positive; South and West = negative] ; ETRS89 Altitude of site [metres above sea level] Preferred date or time range for data take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to indicate if associated with field work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Mode(s) Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We prefers multiangular images, very useful in many nadir-image sufficient? cases, selecting the most adequate angle. European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Any additional information/remarks Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes

38 Cucchinadorza Res. Punta Gennarta Res.

39 Site 5 Name & Location of site Bacino di Punta Gennarta, Sardegna island Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e [two decimal points as minimum; North and East = positive; South and West = negative] ; ETRS89 Altitude of site [metres above sea level] Preferred date or time range for data take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to indicate if associated with field work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Mode(s) Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We prefers multiangular images, very useful in many nadir-image sufficient? cases, selecting the most adequate angle. European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Any additional information/remarks Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes

40 Site 6 Name & Location of site Bacino di Cucchinadorza, Sardegna island Center coordinates in decimal Degrees i.e [two decimal points as minimum; North and East = positive; South and West = negative] ; ETRS89 Altitude of site [metres above sea level] Preferred date or time range for data take (please 1 per month may-oct if possible, always trying to indicate if associated with field work!) coincide the field work with the acquisition. Mode(s) Mode 2 Water bands; full resolution; full swath. Would you prefer the multi-angle 5-image set or is a We prefers multiangular images, very useful in many nadir-image sufficient? cases, selecting the most adequate angle. European Water Framework Directive. Geographic Any additional information/remarks Intercalibration Group. Mediterranean lakes

41 Ground campaigns: - Monthly in summer period: from May 2005 until October 2005 (adapted to CHRIS-Proba calendar), measuring: Phytoplankton taxonomic composition, biovolume and biomass; Chlorophyll ll-a a and other Phytoplankton pigment composition; Nutrients concentration; Physicochemical parameters analysis. Cyanotoxins toxicity tests - Water optics (eventually eventually): Above water radiometry (multiangular ( reflectance measurements) In water radiometry (upwelling ( and downwelling irradiance profiles) The in situ campaigns will be conducted by each Member State Water Authorities Scientific Branch, responsible any case of Ecological Water Quality Assessment in order to compare with the other countries in the Intercalibration Exercise. The general coordination is conducted by Spain (Ministry of Environment)

42 Receiving imagery and monitoring data from members: - CEDEX will coordinate the Plan to Monitor each water body, considering the Viewing opportunities and the Active Plan of CHRIS/Proba, to guarantee the most of coincidence as possible between field data and images sets. - Processing the image sets and applying the Algorithms developped for the evaluation of pigment concentration. - Validating the results with the field data. - Thematic mapping of Chlorophyll-a, Phycocyanin,, etc. In order to assess mean concentration values for each date and finally for the summer period. - This Mean Summer concentration values will provide the value of Ecological Status: The monitoring results for the biological quality elements are expressed as EQRs - ratios derived from observed values and reference* values. * In reference conditions.

43 Very important Question in the frame of GIG LM: How is the Correlation between Chlorophyll-a a concentration in the upper layer 0.5 meter, or first optical thickness (~ 0.6 * SD) and mean concentration in the whole photic layer?

44 Correlation : Mean CHLa (1st opt. thi.) / Mean CHLa photic layer y = 1,0566x R 2 = 0, CHLa pho lay CHLa 1st opt. thi.

45 Correlation : Mean CHLa (1st opt. thi.) / Mean CHLa photic layer y = 1,0566x R 2 = 0, CHLa pho lay Burguillo CLF teledetección

47 Correlation : Mean CHLa (1st opt. thi.) / Mean CHLa photic layer y = 1,0566x R 2 = 0, CHLa pho lay Riaño CHLa 1st opt. thi.

49 Correlation : Mean CHLa (1st opt. thi.) / Mean CHLa photic layer y = 1,0566x R 2 = 0, CHLa pho lay El Atazar CHLa 1st opt. thi.

51 Correlation : Mean CHLa (1st opt. thi.) / Mean CHLa photic layer y = 1,0566x R 2 = 0, CHLa pho lay CHLa 1st opt. thi.

52 Summarize lines: Starting from the Rosarito_reservoir successful experience during 2004, and applying that achievements to new inland water goals. In the frame of the Water Directive, use the CHRIS capabilities to expand and optimize the Chlorophyll an Phycocyanin concentration mapping in selected water bodies. Understanding the possible conflicts with other sites, expecting the best chance as possible for rise the objectives in the 2005 acquisition requests s frame.

53 PI : Peña-Martínez, Ramón

MAPPING OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN SPANISH RESERVOIRS

MAPPING OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN SPANISH RESERVOIRS Ramón Peña-Martínez, José Antonio Domínguez-Gómez, Caridad de Hoyos, Antonio Ruiz-Verdú Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos del CEDEX, Pº Bajo de la