Urban Energy Use and Carbon Emissions. Matthias Ruth WEO Team Member Center for Integrative Environmental Research University of Maryland
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1 Urban Energy Use and Carbon Emissions Matthias Ruth WEO Team Member Center for Integrative Environmental Research University of Maryland World Bank Energy Week 2009: Energy Efficient Cities Session The World Bank, Washington DC, April 1, 2009
2 Australia (1979) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic (2001) Denmark Finland (1992) France (1992) Germany Greece (1977) Hungary (1997) Ireland Italy (1978) Japan Korea (2002) Luxembourg Norway participates in the Agency under a special Agreement The Netherlands Poland (2008) Portugal (1981) Slovak Republic Spain Sweden (2007) Switzerland Turkey (1981) United Kingdom United States New Zealand (1979) WEO Data, Projections, Analysis Energy Markets Climate Change Opportunities for Technology and Policy New: Subnational Analysis
3 Urban energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy: A Focus on and by Cities Definitions and Methodologies Findings Policy Implications Next Steps
4 Energy: A focus on and by cities City Authorities: Significant energy users in their own right Sydney AUD 53m/year (2006) Influence significant energy-using areas (directly & indirectly) From washing lines to urban form & transport infrastructure Important implementing/enforcement agents Important role in energy leadership Often have concerns about local energy security/supply
5 Cities are important: The world is becoming more urbanized Urbanization rate 100% 80% 60% % 20% 0% OECD North America Latin America OECD Pacific OECD Europe Middle East E. Europe/ Eurasia Asia Africa According to UN projections, by 2030, cities will house 60% of the world s population equivalent to the total global population in 1986
6 Urban energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy: A Focus on and by Cities Definitions and Methodologies Country- and regionspecific Bottom-up Case study-driven Exploratory
7 Urban energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy: A Focus on and by Cities Definitions and Methodologies Findings Policy Implications Next Steps
8 Findings: Cities are large energy users City as a % of global 2015 City as a % of global 2030 City as a % of global * Total Primary Energy Demand % % % 1.9% Coal % % % 2.2% Oil % % % 1.2% Gas % % % 2.0% Nuclear % % % 1.2% Hydro % % % 2.2% Biomass & Waste % % % 2.6% Other Renewables 48 72% % % 7.4% Electricity % % % 2.7% In 2006, cities used around 2/3 of global primary energy By 2030, cities use more than 73% of energy
9 Findings: City primary energy use is growing Mtoe Non-OECD OECD Cities World Cities World Cities World Energy use in cities grows by 1.9% per year (versus 1.6% globally) between 2006 and 2030, pushing up their share of global energy demand from 67% to 73%
10 Findings: City energy efficiencies differ Region Share of city primary energy demand in regional total Ratio of city per-capita primary energy demand to regional average Urbanization rate United States 80% % European Union 69% % Australia and 78% % New Zealand China, PeopleÕs Rep. of 75% % Significant differences exist among countries in the per-capita primary energy consumption in cities relative to regional averages
11 Findings: Cities are large CO 2 emitters Gigatonnes % 78% 76% Non-OECD cities OECD cities Share of cities in world (right axis) 15 74% % % CO2 emissions from cities were 19.8 Gt in 2006 and rises to 30.8 Gt in 2030, increasing faster than global emissions.
12 Urban energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy: A Focus on and by Cities Definitions and Methodologies Findings Policy Implications Next Steps
13 Policy implications General actions Optimize own facilities Implement local priorities that mitigate CO 2 Specific actions CHP Buildings Passenger transport Land-use planning Coordinated action Pool resources & know-how National level Funding Guidance to local governments Guidebooks Data collection International Collaboration Kyoto mechanisms Knowledge exchange
14 Urban energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy: A Focus on and by Cities Definitions and Methodologies Findings Policy Implications Next Steps
15 Next steps Data Base Development Systems Integration Scenarios and Robust Strategies
16 Next steps: System integration Climate Energy Economy/ Society Impact Status Change
17 Next steps: System Integration Climate Transp. Comm. Energy Water Health Economy/ Society Impact Status Change
18 Next steps: System Integration Climate Transp. Comm. Energy Water Health Economy/ Society Impact Status Change Indicators Integrated Impact Reactions in Public and Private Sector
19 Acknowledgements Based on work by Cities Energy Modelling International Expert Group convened by the IEA for the WEO 2008 Nigel Jollands, Paul Dowling (IEA), Gotelind Alber (Sustainable Energy and Climate Policy), Claudio Baffioni (Comune di Roma), Shobhakar Dhakal (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Steve Hammer (Columbia University), Stephen Kenihan (ICLEI), Lilly Parshall (Columbia University), Matthias Ruth (University of Maryland), Niels Schulz (Imperial College, London and IIASA), Wayne Wescott (ICLEI), Tom Kerr (IEA) More information through the IEA: More information through the University of Maryland:
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