Establishment and evaluation of operation function model for cascade hydropower station
|
|
- Dayna Gardner
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Water Science and Engineering, 2010, 3(4): doi: /j.in Etablihment and evaluation o operation unction model or cacade hydropower tation Chang-ming JI 1, 2, Ting ZHOU* 1, Hai-tao HUANG 1 1. Buine Adminitration School, North China Electric Power Univerity, Beijing , P. R. China 2. Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power Univerity, Beijing , P. R. China Abtract: Toward olving the actual operation problem o cacade hydropower tation under hydrologic uncertainty, thi paper preent the proce o extraction o tatitical characteritic rom long-term optimal cacade operation, and propoe a monthly operation unction algorithm or the actual operation o cacade hydropower tation through the identiication, proceing, and creening o available inormation during long-term optimal operation. Applying the operation unction to the cacade hydropower tation on the Jinhajiang-Yangtze River ytem, the modeled long-term electric generation i hown to have high preciion and provide beneit. Through comparion with optimal operation, the imulation reult how that the operation unction propoed retain the characteritic o optimal operation. Alo, the inadequacie and attribution o the algorithm are dicued baed on cae tudy, providing deciion upport and reerence inormation or reearch on large-cale cacade operation work. Key word: actual operation; independent variable; multiple tepwie regreion; attribution analyi; cacade hydropower tation 1 Introduction With global climate change, hydrological complication have become increaingly igniicant contraint during the proce o water reource development and management. In the ield o water reource development and utilization, the uncertainty o hydrological condition ha been the primary retriction in actual operation o hydropower tation. Nowaday, the operation chart i the mot popular tool or guiding reervoir and hydropower tation operation. The operation chart ha it own advantage: it i imple, practical, and eay to operate. It alo ha ome obviou diadvantage (Zhang 2004): the normal area range o the operation chart i too large, and output deciion do not take into conideration uture reervoir inlow, which may lead to the ame deciion in period with imilar tatu but dierent uture inlow ituation. Thee diadvantage are incompatible with the actual operation. With the bloom o intelligent algorithm in recent year, ome cholar have introduced Thi work wa upported by the National Natural Science Foundation o China (Grant No ), and the Fundamental Reearch Fund or the Central Univeritie (Grant No.10QX43). *Correponding author ( zhouting02@gmail.com) Received Sep. 9, 2010; accepted Nov. 24, 2010
2 neural network, genetic algorithm, upport vector machine, and ant colony optimization algorithm into olution o the operation problem o reervoir and hydropower tation (Wardlaw and Shari 1999; Zhou et al. 2009; Eogbue and Liu 2006; Zhao et al. 2009). However, intelligent algorithm alo have diadvantage in guiding reervoir operation, including poor viual impreion and too much reliance on ample inormation, which decreae their eaibility and eiciency in guiding cacade operation. Becaue the output o a hydropower tation ha a cloe relationhip with reervoir water level and inlow, and the relationhip ha been proven to be linear (Li et al. 2005), the operation unction ha been adopted to guide actual cacade operation. Lu and Guo (1998) imulated the dynamic operation unction o the Danjiangkou Reervoir by conidering reervoir torage and inlow to be independent variable and outlow to be a dependent variable. Liu et al. (2006) propoed the optimization-regreion-optimization algorithm or the Qingjiang cacade hydropower tation, and Ding (2005) made coniderable progre in the etablihment o independent variable et. Meanwhile, intelligent algorithm uch a artiicial neural network are ueul a an alternative to multiple regreion analyi or determining optimal guidance (John 2004). Thi paper propoe principle or chooing variable o the operation unction, and integrate tepwie regreion into the model. Through application in large-cale cacade operation, it can be demontrated that, compared with the traditional operation chart, the operation unction more ully retain the beneit o electric power quantity, guaranteed output, and utilization rate o reervoir in the optimal operation model. Compared with intelligent algorithm, the operation unction i more intuitive and concie. Additionally, through analyi o the tructure o the operation unction we can better undertand the principle o optimal operation. 2 Operation unction development baed on tepwie regreion algorithm The operation unction thi paper propoe i baed on the optimal operation reult. A variable ytem o operation unction i contructed by extracting characteritic o optimal operation procee, and then the operation unction i etablihed according to tepwie regreion theory to achieve guideline purpoe. The ormulation o the operation unction will be dicued below. 2.1 Independent variable ytem etablihment o operation unction In the ormulation o the operation unction, the initial etting o the independent variable ytem i eential; regreion can only provide a tatitical relationhip, but can neither ully explain the phyical or caual relationhip between dependent and independent variable in the operation unction, nor completely rule out ale correlation between dependent and independent variable. Thereore, the eaibility and phyical meaning o the independent variable 444 Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
3 hould be taken into conideration in the ormulation o the independent variable ytem. The primary principle or ormulating independent variable i computability. Computability principle mut be relected in the election and calculation procee, epecially in the cae o cacade. For example, the current inlow or a leading reervoir can be adopted by an independent variable ytem becaue the current inlow i equal to natural inlow, which i known inormation, but or the ollowing reervoir the current inlow cannot be adopted; or thoe ollowing reervoir, reervoir inlow i the um o natural inlow and outlow rom the upper reervoir. Obviouly, the outlow rom the upper reervoir i decided through operation deciion, which are unknown beorehand, o the reervoir inlow cannot be adopted by the independent variable ytem or the whole cacade, but we can ue natural inlow intead to relect inlow inormation in thi period. In the tructure o the independent variable ytem, the initial reervoir water level (Z) and inlow (Q) are undoubtedly two important actor. However, Z and Q are in dierent dimenion, and the proce by which Q tranorm Z i a nonlinear proce decribed by a torage capacity curve. Thereore, thi paper additionally relie on a uperpoition water level, a virtual water level that aume additional inlow o water into the current reervoir. The proce can be explained by the ollowing ormula: Z = φ V + TQ (1) ( ) where Z i the uperpoition reervoir water level, φ i an operator repreenting the interpolation calculation obtained by the reervoir torage capacity curve, V i the initial torage o the reervoir, and T i a period o one month (T = ). Obviouly, Z include inormation not only on Z but alo on Q, while avoiding the nonlinear relationhip between Q and Z, and providing a more comprehenive decription o reervoir tatu. Beide, in order to decribe the electric power potential o cacade hydropower tation, energy actor are adopted by the independent variable ytem. The baic energy variable are inlow energy E and torage energy E, which decribe reervoir inlow and water level rom another apect. The interaction o E and E i alo adopted (Ding 2005), denoted by EE. E i the electric quantity that current inlow can totally generate baed on the current reervoir water level. The calculation ormula i a ollow: E = 9.81η QhT (2) in which h = φv ϕq (3) In Eq. (2) and (3), η i power generation eiciency; T repreent the unit length o time, here hour; ϕ i an operator repreenting the interpolation calculation between downtream low and downtream water level; and h repreent the average hydraulic head o reervoir between Z and Z. E i the maximum electric power the reervoir can generate in current torage tatu. The calculation ormula i a ollow: Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
4 ( ) E = 9.81η h V V0 (4) V0 + V h = ϕ Z0 2 (5) where V 0 i the minimum torage o the reervoir, h i the average hydraulic head between Z and the minimum dead torage level o reervoir, and Z 0 i the contant hydraulic head downtream. It ha to be realized that optimal operation mut take the whole cacade into conideration. Thu, any ingle hydropower tation operation deciion ha a cloe relationhip with total inlow energy and torage energy o the cacade, o it i neceary to integrate inlow energy E and torage energy E o the whole cacade ytem into the independent variable ytem. Through urther analyi it can be indicated that or thoe period whoe E value are large but whoe E value are mall, and thoe whoe E value are large but whoe E value are mall, the optimal operation will lead to the ame deciion. In ummary, the independent variable ytem o the operation unction include the ollowing: initial reervoir water level, uperpoition water level, inlow, torage energy and inlow energy o the cacade hydropower tation, and the interaction o torage energy and inlow energy. 2.2 Deciion variable determination in operation unction More than one index (dependent variable) can be choen to decribe the deciion o the operation unction, including output, terminal water level, and outlow. According to the operation eature o the hydropower tation, thi tudy elected output a the deciion variable, and, combined with reervoir operation contraint, conidered the terminal water level o the reervoir the tandby deciion variable ued to achieve greater regreion preciion. The reaon or chooing output but not water level a the main deciion variable i that the itting error o output i relatively mall. Thi tudy ued the leading hydropower tation a an example. The water level i no lower than m; i water level i choen a the deciion variable, each 1% deviation lead to a 20-m water level error, and the output deviation magniied by the ollowing ormula: where Δ N i Δ N = 9.81η qδ h (6) Δ h i the water level deviation. We aume q (outlow) i no le than m 3 /, and the value o η i commonly et around 0.8, o Δ N i greater than 100 MW, which i much greater than the value obtained by chooing the output a the deciion variable. That i why we did not conider water level the main deciion variable. However, in certain period, uch a the end o the lood eaon or dry eaon, the water level o the reervoir will be maintained at the normal torage level or dead torage level, which make it more appropriate to adopt the terminal water level a a deciion variable. In concluion, the determination o the deciion 446 Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
5 variable i dependent on the itting error and the operation contraint o the reervoir. 2.3 Stepwie regreion algorithm The deciion variable and independent variable ytem were dicued above, but, or any one period, not all independent variable have relevance to the deciion, o there i a quetion o how to pick out the real relevant variable in each period to decreae the itting error to within the minimum range. The tepwie regreion algorithm i propoed or uch requet. It main unction i introducing independent variable one by one into the unction by their igniicant extent (contribution) ize. On the other hand, thoe introduced already may loe importance and thu be deleted rom the unction. Every tep o the introduction into the unction or the deleting rom it mut include an F-tet to enure that new variable combination are alway improving the goodne o it o unction. Huang and Liang (2006), Luo et al. (2008), Li et al. (2008), and Ji et al. (2010) introduced peciic principle o the tepwie regreion algorithm. Thereore, the baic ormat o the operation unction can be decribed a y = a + a x + a x + + a x (7) m m where y repreent a dependent variable (output or reervoir water level), x 1, x 2,, xm repreent independent variable provided through tepwie regreion baed on hitorical ample, a 0 i a contant, and a1, a2,, am repreent coeicient o independent variable. 3 Simulation proce o operation unction guiding cacade operation Operation unction are independent o each other in ormulation, o the guidance eiciency in actual operation cannot be judged by a ingle tatitical evaluation, but rather through imulation operation that traner mathematical reult into cacade operation eature. Thi ection introduce the method or implementing operation unction guiding long-term cacade operation to check the reliability and operability o the model, and ully veriy every apect o the eiciency the operation unction ha generated. The general conideration o imulation o the operation unction guiding cacade operation i to regard each operation unction a the initial deciion o the operation, combined with other contraint uch a characteritic reervoir water level, output curve o the hydraulic turbine, and comprehenive utilization demand. Then, rolling imulation are conducted rom the beginning o the operation period month by month. During the imulation proce o the operation unction there are everal principle to which we need to pay attention: (1) When the operation unction conlict with the contraint o the reervoir or hydropower tation, priority hould be given to the tation own contraint. Speciically, when the output judged by the operation unction cannot meet the reervoir water level contraint, guaranteed output, outlow, or other contraint, while the power generation capacity can meet the contraint, the initial output mut be appropriately adjuted to meet all Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
6 it own contraint. (2) The ytem-guaranteed output hould be enured to the maximum extent. Maximization o the ytem-guaranteed output i one o the mot important objective in optimal operation. Whether or not the guaranteed output o optimal operation can be preerved i alo important or cacade operation. Thereore, thi tudy added the iterative module in dry period (rom June to October) to the imulation proce (Fig. 1) to maintain the ytem output at an average level (which i alo accordant with the optimal output proce) in dry period, thu improving the ytem-guaranteed output. Fig. 1 Simulation proce o long-term cacade hydropower tation (3) In the reliability validation proce o operation deciion making, the low-ranking priority contraint hould be veriied beore high-ranking priority contraint; the higher the ranking o the contraint i, the later it i validated. I the order i revered, contraint o higher-ranking priority may be replaced by contraint o lower-ranking priority, which i contrary to operational common ene. For example, the guaranteed output o the hydropower tation mut be placed beore the reervoir water level contraint, or the guaranteed output contraint damage i permitted within the cope o damage, but the reervoir water level contraint i rigid and hould be aured anytime, o it hould be placed ater the guaranteed output contraint. Operation unction, together with the principle above, mut be incorporated into the cacade operation imulation proce to guide the cacade operation. The imulation proce i 448 Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
7 implemented in a VC environment. Fig. 1 illutrate the imulation proce o a long-term cacade hydropower tation. 4 Cae tudy In order to demontrate the imulation theory and check the eiciency o the operation unction in guiding cacade operation, thi tudy took a large-cale cacade including 14 hydropower tation rom the Jinhajiang River to the Yangtze River a it reearch object. Thi cacade originate at Qizong Hydropower Station in Yunnan Province and end at Gezhouba Hydropower Station in Hubei Province. The Qizong-Gezhouba cacade i a rich hydropower reource, with an enormou intalled capacity, which play an important role in the outhern part o the power grid (Zhou 2009). Thi cacade ytem ha ive outtanding regulating hydropower tation with monthly or higher regulating ability, thu providing or high demand with actual optimal operation. Regarding the Qizong-Gezhouba cacade a the reearch object i a way to ully check the eiciency o the operation unction algorithm and the imulation proce. Firt, thi tudy took the cacade optimal operation proce calculated by Wu (2009) with the improved progreive optimization algorithm (IPOA) or the year rom 1953 to 2001 a the tatitical ample o the operation unction. According to the principle introduced in ection 2 and 3, the operation unction or each hydropower tation were etablihed. Some o the operation unction or the leading hydropower tation are given in Table 1. For October and May, the dependent variable wa choen to be the terminal reervoir water level, becaue it wa maintained at the normal level and minimum level in October and May. The dependent variable or the ret wa output, and the tructure and coeicient o the operation unction were judged according to the tepwie regreion theory. Table 1 Monthly operation unction o cacade leading hydropower tation Month Dependent variable Coeicient o independent variable o operation unction a 0 Q Z Z E E EE E E October Terminal water level 2150 January Output April Output May Terminal water level Evaluation o ytem-generated energy Comparion o the annual and eaonal generated energy o the cacade ytem or imulation operation and optimal operation can help evaluate the ytem-generated energy. Firtly, the annual generated energy o imulation operation i MW h, 0.08% le than that o optimal operation annually, o the energy lo i very little. Secondly, comparion o the lood eaon how that the energy generated by imulation operation i MW h, 0.39% le than that o optimal operation; comparion o dry eaon how that generated Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
8 energy o imulated operation i MW h, 0.26% more than that o optimal operation. Seaonal generated energy comparion how that the imulated reult retained the generated energy optimal operation achieved, while the ditribution between the lood eaon and dry eaon i more even, which beneit the operation o the power ytem. 4.2 Evaluation o ytem output curve Comparion o the output curve between the imulation operation and optimal operation i hown in Fig. 2. It can be een rom the general trend that imulation operation ha good conitency with optimal operation, epecially or the guaranteed output o the dry eaon, which, due to the iterative module in the dry eaon, aured guaranteed output maintenance. Fig. 2 Output comparion between imulation operation and optimal operation during year rom 1953 to Evaluation o leading reervoir water level curve Qizong, the leading hydropower tation, i a multi-annual regulating reervoir whoe dead torage level i m and whoe normal torage level i m. The reervoir water level curve o the leading hydropower tation can relect the general eiciency o utilization o the whole cacade ytem to a certain extent. It can be een in Fig. 3 that the trend o the reervoir water level curve are quite accordant, and the torage and adjutment ability i ully utilized, which how a high imulation preciion and eiciency. Fig. 3 Reervoir water level comparion between imulation operation and optimal operation during year rom 1953 to Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
9 5 Dicuion o inadequacie o operation reult and attribution analyi Section 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 have decribed tet o the operational eiciency guided by the operation unction rom the apect o ytem-generated energy, ytem output, and the leading reervoir water level. Generally peaking, the eiciency o imulation o the operation proce i atiactory. However, thi algorithm alo ha it inevitable hortcoming, leading to everal deiciencie during the imulation proce, a decribed below: (1) Both the period o time and the depth o output damage increaed. The ytem i uually regulated uch that the depth o output damage hould not be 20% greater than the guaranteed output in order to acilitate the load arrangement in the power grid. However, operation ometime cannot meet the damage depth requirement, becaue the uture inlow i unknown and the output cannot be pre-adjuted, while inlow i quite mall, o there may appear a phenomenon o greatly decreaing output at the end o the dry eaon, uch a in the year 1959, 1992, and 1994, which i obviouly detrimental to the overall operation o the power grid ytem. (2) The phenomenon o leading reervoir drawdown reaching the dead torage level in advance o the dry eaon i becoming more requent, a i inuicient torage in the lood eaon. In condition o optimal operation o the Qizong Reervoir, the operation i baed on acknowledgement o the total inlow or the period, o the deciion can adjut the long-term output to avoid ucceive dead torage level or inuicient torage to a maximum extent. However, or the imulation operation, the water level drawdown reache the dead torage level rom March to the end o the dry eaon, epecially in extremely dry year (1959, 1992, and 1994). Meanwhile, the torage i not uicient in the lood eaon in thee year. That i alo the explanation a to why the guaranteed output were greatly damaged in the three year. (3) Abandoned water o the leading reervoir in wet year i igniicant. It can be een rom Fig. 3 that in wet year (1973, 1980, and 1983), the reervoir torage wa at a normal level in advance o optimal operation, inevitably cauing abandoned water during the period in which the reervoir wa at a normal level. However, optimal operation may increae the output in advance in order to clear part o the torage to decreae the abandoned water, while on the other hand enuring the ull torage o the reervoir by the end o the lood eaon. The deiciencie mentioned above relect ome diadvantage o the operation unction algorithm rom certain point o view. In act, uture inlow uncertainty will inevitably reduce beneit or any actual operation method, epecially in unuual inlow condition. In view o the operation unction algorithm propoed in thi paper, we conclude with reaon or reduction o eiciency and tability: (1) Retricted by inlow orecating accuracy, the actual operation cannot obtain uture inlow inormation, o the operation deciion can only be made baed on current inormation but ignoring the coherence characteritic o the hydrological cycle, which i bound to lead to Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
10 deciion deviation. For example, or the ame period in dierent year, i the initial tatu period i the ame, the operation unction will generate the ame output deciion. However, the optimal operation deciion in act take all uture inlow inormation into conideration, not only current inormation. Thi i an important reaon why the operation unction deciion deviate rom the optimal operation. (2) In the development proce o the operation unction, the particularly dry or wet year produce unuual ample, o the itting error o the operation unction i larger than in normal year rom a tatitical point o view. The theory o the operation unction i baed on long-term tatitical characteritic. Thu, or period in which inlow deviate greatly rom the average level, the regreion error are inevitably larger than the normal average. Moreover, the application o the operation unction to guide the actual operation in unuual year alo involve greater error. Beide, the optimal operation in unuual year i more dependent on uture inlow inormation combined with conideration o guaranteed output, abandoned water, generated power, etc., requiring a number o iteration to achieve the inal deciion. However, imulation operation cannot ue the uture inlow inormation, not to mention long-term iteration, to chooe the bet deciion. Thereore, or lood eaon in extremely wet year, abandoned water will increae more in the lood eaon than during optimal operation; or the dry eaon in extremely dry year, guaranteed output during imulation operation will be adverely aected more than in optimal operation. In ummary, there remain ome deect in the operation unction algorithm thi paper propoe in detail o imulation reult. Attribution analyi how that the deect are mainly caued by orecating preciion problem and the contradiction between the univeral and peciic nature o optimal operation reult. Thee are alo the limitation o actual cacade operation with unolved inlow orecating preciion, which hould be another uture reearch direction. 6 Concluion Thi tudy introduced the tepwie regreion principle into actual cacade operation deciion making analyi, and carried out monthly operation unction or the Jinhajiang-Yangtze River cacade hydropower ytem. Through comprehenive conideration o reervoir water level contraint, guaranteed output, and comprehenive water reource utilization contraint, thi paper imulated the cacade operation proce guided with operation unction through computer project. Comparion between imulation and optimal operation howed that imulation operation retained mot o the beneit o optimal operation in cacade generated power, output proce, and leading reervoir water level, and relected ine operability. Further analyi o the inadequacie o imulation proce detail and attribution were made to guide uture reearch, while oering an important reerence or reearch on the actual cacade operation ield. 452 Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
11 Reerence Ding, J. H Study on Long-term Operation Rule o Hydroelectric Station Sytem. M. E. Diertation. Wuhan: Wuhan Univerity. (in Chinee) Eogbue, A. O., and Liu, B. D Reervoir operation optimization via uzzy criterion deciion procee. Fuzzy Optimization and Deciion Making, 5(3), [doi: / y] Huang, S., and Liang, C Downcaling analyi o runo baed on the model integrating phae pace recontruction and artiicial neural network. Reource and Environment in the Yangtze Bain, 15(4), (in Chinee) Ji, C. M., Su, X. L., Zhou, T., Huang, H. T., and Wang, L. P Model etablihment and evaluation o operation unction or cacade reervoir. Automation o Electric Power Sytem, 34(3), (in Chinee) John, W. L Optimal operation o multireervoir ytem: State-o-the-art review. Journal o Water Reource Planning and Management, 130(2), [doi: /(asce) (2004)130:2(93)] Li, C. J., Chen, B. S., and Zhang, G. F Study on bilinear dipatching rule o hydropower tation. Journal o Hydroelectric Engineering, 24(1), 11-15, 46. (in Chinee) Li, H., Lian, J. J., and Wang, X. J Stepwie regreion model or daily runo prediction baed on wavelet decompoition. Journal o Hydraulic Engineering, 39(12), (in Chinee) Liu, P., Guo, S. L., Pang, B., Wang, C. J., and Zhang, H. G A modiied approach or deriving torage operating rule o the Three Gorge Reervoir with artiicial neural network. Journal o Hydroelectric Engineering, 25(2), (in Chinee) Lu, H. Y., and Guo Y. Y Study on applying multi-tratum recurive regreion analyi to ormulate operation unction o reervoir. Journal o Hydraulic Engineering, 29(12), (in Chinee) Luo, S. B., Dong, W., Xu, L., and Song, S. D Application o tepwie regreion method in lood level orecat o the lower Yellow River. Water Reource and Hydropower o Northeat China, 26(292), (in Chinee) Wardlaw, R., and Shari, M Evaluation o genetic algorithm or optimal reervoir ytem operation. Journal o Water Reource Planning and Management, 125(1), [doi: /(asce) (1999)125:1(25)] Wu, Y. Q Study on Optimal Operation o Jinhajiang Cacade Hydropower Station. M. E. Diertation. Beijing: North China Electricity Power Univerity. (in Chinee) Zhang, M Study on the Reervoir Operation Chart o Hydropower Station and Short-Term Optimal Operation. M. E. Diertation. Wuhan: Wuhan Univerity. (in Chinee) Zhao, X. H., Huang, Q., and Wu, J. H Application o ant colony algorithm or economic operation o hydropower tation. Journal o Hydroelectric Engineering, 28(2), (in Chinee) Zhou, T Dipatch Function and Future Electricity Decompoition Reearch in Cacade Hydropower Station. M. E. Diertation. Beijing: North China Electricity Power Univerity. (in Chinee) Zhou, W. L., Qiu, H. Z., and Yin, Z. H Optimization o uzzy deciion tree with multiattribute baed on genetic algorithm. Computer Engineering and Application, 45(3), (in Chinee) Chang-ming JI et al. Water Science and Engineering, Dec. 2010, Vol. 3, No. 4,
Equilibrium Sediment Transport and Evolution Trend Simulation of the Lower Yellow River
Senor & Tranducer, Vol. 21, Special Iue, May 213, pp. 135-141 Senor & Tranducer 213 by IFSA http://www.enorportal.com Equilibrium Sediment Tranport and Evolution Trend Simulation of the Lower Yellow River
More informationStudy on Mechanical Behavior of Thin-walled Member during Precision Straightening Process
2014 by IFSA Publihing, S. L. http://www.enorportal.com Study on Mechanical Behavior of Thin-walled Member during Preciion Straightening Proce Ben Guan, Yong Zang, Diping Wu, Qin Qin School of Mechanical
More informationModal Response of Hydraulic Turbine Runners
1 (9) Modal Repone o Hydraulic Turbine Runner Q.W. LIANG Center o Indutrial Diagnotic and Fluid Dynamic (CDIF), Technical Univerity o Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, quanwei@m.upc.edu C. G. RODRIGUEZ Center
More informationModeling Suspended Sediments in Dez Basin (Case Study: The Tale Zang Hydrometric Station)
International Reearch Journal of Applied and Baic Science. Vol., 3 (2), 402-407, 2012 Available online at http://www.irjab.com ISSN 2251-838X 2012 Modeling Supended Sediment in Dez Bain (Cae Study: The
More informationINVESTIGATION OF THERMOSTAT-SET CONTROL AS A NEW DIRECT LOAD CONTROL METHOD
INVESTIGATION OF THERMOSTAT-SET CONTROL AS A NEW DIRECT LOAD CONTROL METHOD Canbolat Uçak canbolat@elk.itu.edu.tr Gökçe Dokuyucu gokce776@uperonline.com Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical
More informationThe Process-Value Model: A Systems View of the IST Value Chain
Aociation for Information Sytem AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) SAIS 2007 Proceeding Southern (SAIS) 3-1-2007 The Proce-Value Model: A Sytem View of the IST Value Chain William L. Lomeron lomeronw@nula.edu
More informationGMACE Pilot #4: Adjusting the National Reliability Input Data
INTERBULL BULLETIN NO. 48. Berlin, Germany, May 20 21, 2014 GMACE Pilot #4: Adjuting the National Reliability Input Data P. G. Sullivan 1 and J. H. Jakoben 2 1 Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON, Canada
More informationCoordinating a Supply Chain Consisted of One Supplier and One Retailer When Demand Disruption Happens
Management Science and Engineering Vol., No., 07, pp. 9-3 DOI:0.3968/947 ISSN 93-034 [Print] ISSN 93-035X [Online] www.ccanada.net www.ccanada.org Coordinating a Supply Chain Conited of One Supplier and
More informationA STEP Method based multiple objective methodology for irrigation water management to model preferences and tradeoffs
A STEP Method baed multiple obective methodology or irrigation water management to model preerence and tradeo Xevi, E.,3 and S. Khan,2,3 CSIRO Land and Water, Griith, NSW 2 Charle Sturt niverity, Wagga
More informationApplication Of Single Blow Technique For Heat Transfer Measurement In Packed Bed Of Vegetables
Purdue Univerity Purdue e-pub International Rerigeration and Air Conditioning Conerence School o Mechanical Engineering 2016 Application O Single Blow Technique For Heat Traner Meaurement In Packed Bed
More informationA model for grain growth based on the novel description of dendrite shape
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Publihed quarterly a the organ of the Foundry Commiion of the Polih Academy of Science ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 7 Iue 4/2007 183 188 36/4 A model for grain growth baed on
More informationThermal and Hydraulic Performance of Water/Glycol Mixture and the Application on Power electronics Cooling
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL ISSN: 369-5668 (Print), 369-5676 (Online) Vol. 3, No. 1, March, 016, pp. 1-6 DOI: 10.1880/eerj.030101 A publication o IIETA http://www.iieta.org/journal/eesrj
More informationIndicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories
III.AU./Verion 01 TYPE III - OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project participant hall apply the general guideline to SSC CDM methodologie, information on additionality (attachment A to Appendix B) and general
More informationLogistics Service Level Improvement Research and Demonstration Based on Queuing Theory
Management cience and Engineering Vol. 5, No. 3,, pp. -54 DOI:.36/j.me.335X53.z44 IN 3-34[Print] IN 3-35X[Online] www.ccanada.net www.ccanada.org Logitic ervice Level Improvement Reearch and Demontration
More informationCourse Evaluation Validation using Data Envelopment Analysis. Joseph Sarkis Clark University. Inshik Seol Clark University
THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATORS JOURNAL Volume XX 2010 pp. 21-32 Coure Evaluation Validation uing Data Envelopment Analyi Joeph Sarki Clark Univerity Inhik Seol Clark Univerity Abtract In thi paper we detail
More informationExperimental Investigation of Sediment Trap Efficiency in Reservoirs
ENGINEER - Vol. XLVII, No. 0, pp. [1-8], 014 The Intitution of Engineer, Sri Lanka Experimental Invetigation of Sediment Trap Efficiency in Reervoir N.M.T.K. Revel, L.P.G.R. Ranairi, R.M.C.R.K. Rathnayake
More informationInternational Journal of Mathematical Archive-8(6), 2017, Available online through ISSN
International Journal of Mathematical Archive-8(6), 27, 33-38 Available online through www.ijma.info ISSN 2229 546 BAYESIAN SPECIAL TYPE DOUBLE SAMPLING PLAN WITH BETA PRIOR DISTRIBTUTION Dr. S. JEYABHARATHI*
More informationThe Use of Swimmer Bars as Shear Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Beam
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 6 (1): 87-94, 2013 ISSN: 1941-7020 2014 M. Al-Nara et al., Thi open acce article i ditributed under a Creative Common Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 licene
More informationMoST - Business Finland Joint Funding Call
MoST - Buine Finland Joint Funding Call I. AGREEMENT Memorandum of Undertanding for China-Finland Science & Technology Innovation Cooperation between the Department of International Cooperation of the
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
Automatic conflict detection and reolution in metrorail ytem: evaluation approach for MARCO EU project G.F. D'Addio, M. Mazzucchelli, S. Savio Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Univerita di Genova,
More information6/6/2012. HR Training and Development. Content. Training: concept. Training: concept. Training: concept. Training and Development: Concept
HR Training and Development UNIT 5 Content Concept and need of HR training and development Training need aement HR training: objective and method (on-the-job and off-the-job). Evaluation of training program
More informationBig Data computation for workshop-based planning support
Big Data computation for worhop-baed planning upport Jianguang Tu International School of Software Wuhan Univerity Wuhan, P.R.China Tujg1973@gmail.com Jianquan Cheng * School of Science and the Environment
More informationThe research of simplified method of calculating wind and rain loads and its validation
The reearch of implified method of calculating wind and rain load and it validation Xing FU 1) and Hong-Nan LI 2) 1), 2) Faculty of Infratructure Engineering, Dalian Univerity of Technology, Dalian 116024,
More informationEnhanced Biofilter Treatment of Urban Stormwater by Optimizing the Hydraulic Residence Time in the Media
Enhanced Biofilter Treatment of Urban Stormwater by Optimizing the Hydraulic Reidence Time in the Media Redahegn Silehi 1, Robert Pitt 2 and Shirley Clark 3 1 Graduate tudent, Dept. of Civil, Contruction,
More informationValue intensity of water used for electrical energy generation in the Western U.S.; an application of embedded resource accounting
Value intenity of water ued for electrical energy generation in the Wetern U.S.; an application of embedded reource accounting Elizabeth A. Martin and Benjamin L. Ruddell Abtract Thi tudy evaluate the
More informationAggregate Supply. MPL i = Y i / L i
Aggregate Supply The upply of output depend on the behavior of producer. roducer' chooe the quantity of input to employ. Thee input produce output and we aume that producer chooe their input to maximize
More informationUnit Commitment in Smart Grid Considering Demand Response and Stochastic Wind Generation
J. Energy Power Source Vol. 1, No. 6, 2014, pp. 314-320 Received: September 8, 2014, Publihed: December 30, 2014 Journal of Energy and Power Source www.ethanpublihing.com Unit Commitment in Smart Grid
More informationHeterogeneity in Producer s Marketing Strategy
Heterogeneity in Producer Marketing Strategy Tong Zhang Reearch Aitant Department of Agricultural Economic Oklahoma State Univerity 42C Ag Hall Phone no. 405-744-9797 Email: tong.zhang0@oktate.edu Wade
More informationPunching Shear Capacity Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slab-column Connections Huiyong Guo 1, 2, a * 1, 2,b. , Jinjun Cheng
5t International Conerence on Advanced Engineering Material and Tecnology (AEMT 15) Puncing Sear Capacity Analyi o Reinorced Concrete Slab-column Connection Huiyong Guo 1,, a * 1,,b, Jinjun Ceng 1 Scool
More informationDesign of solar heated water system based on TLD system in Baotou
Applied Mechanic and Material Online: 2014-01-16 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 501-504, pp 2323-2326 doi:10.4028/www.cientific.net/amm.501-504.2323 2014 Tran Tech Publication, Switzerland Deign of olar heated
More informationModel of Integrated Production and Delivery Batch Scheduling Under JIT Environment to Minimize Inventory Cost
Proceeding of the 2014 International Conference on Indutrial Engineering and Operation Management Bali, Indoneia, January 7 9, 2014 Model of Integrated Production and Delivery Batch Scheduling Under JIT
More informationKNOWLEDGE MAPPING IN THAI WEAVING INDUSTRY
KNOWLEDGE MAPPING IN THAI WEAVING INDUSTRY Anyanitha Ditanont College of Innovation, Thammaat Univerity, Thailand anyanitha@yahoo.com Abtract: Knowledge i a valuable aet to any organiation epecially, the
More informationFINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SHALLOW AND DEEP EXCAVATED TWIN TUNNELS
VOL. 13, NO. 1, JANUARY 18 ISSN 1819-668 6-18 Aian Reearch Publihing Network (ARPN). All right reerved. FINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SHALLOW AND DEEP EXCAVATED TWIN TUNNELS Adel
More informationPerformance evaluation of a ground source heat pump system based on ANN. and ANFIS models
Performance evaluation of a ground ource heat pump ytem baed on ANN and ANFIS model eijuan SUN a Pingfang HU a * Fei Lei a Na Zhu a Jiangning Zhang a a Huazhong Univerity of Science and echnology uhan
More informationM A S O N R Y. Revised Spring Engineering Notes For Design With Concrete Block Masonry
A S O N R Y Revied Spring 007 Engineering Note For Deign With Concrete Block aonry C H R O N I C L E S To rectify the ituation, the Spring 007 article i being reiued. We apologize for any inconvenience
More informationGust effect factors and natural sway frequencies of trees. for wind load estimation
ut eect actor and natural way requencie o tree or wind load etimation *Seunghoon Shin¹, Ilmin Kang 1, Seonggeun Park 1, Yuhyun Lee 1, Kyungjae Shin 1, Whajung Kim 1, and ongjin Kim 1 1 Department o Architectural
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 48 (2014 )
Available online at www.ciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 48 (2014 ) 806 812 SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Building and Indutry September 23-25, 2013,
More informationNumerical study of metal foam heat sinks under uniform impinging flow
Journal o Phyic: Conerence Serie PAPER OPEN ACCESS Numerical tudy o metal oam heat ink under uniorm impinging low To cite thi article: A Andreozzi et al 17 J. Phy.: Con. Ser. 796 1 View the article online
More informationLevel control of small intake reservoir in hydraulic system with long and complex penstock - Implemented level control at Toro 3 HPP
September 013 Page 1 Level control of mall intake reervoir in hydraulic ytem with long and complex pentock - Implemented level control at Toro 3 PP Damir Dolenc, Mitja Klopčar, Jernej Mazij Litotroj Power,
More informationRESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016
RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CAPACITY OF BARRIER DECK ANCHORAGE IN MTQ PL-3 BARRIER REINFORCED WITH HM-GFRP BARS WITH HEADED ENDS Michael Rotami Department of Civil
More informationEuropean Advertising Consumer Research Report 2015
RESEARCH REPORT European Advertiing Conumer Reearch Report 2015 Conumer Awarene & Impact of European Self-Regulatory Programme for OBA Independent reearch conducted by Ipo MORI on behalf of TRUSTe and
More informationReal-Time Ultrasonic Measurement Technique for Monitoring Suspended. Sediment Concentration in Reservoirs
Real-Time Ultraonic Meaurement Technique or Monitoring Supended Sediment Concentration in Reervoir Tetuya Sumi Univerity o Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan Yu-Jun Huang, Chia-Chi Sung, Jihn-Sung Lai, Fong-Zuo Lee,
More informationExamining the tradeoff between fixed pay and performance-related pay: A choice experiment approach
Examining the tradeoff between fixed pay and performance-related pay: A choice experiment approach JUNYI SHEN * Reearch Intitute for Economic and Buine Adminitration, Kobe Univerity KAZUHITO OGAWA Faculty
More informationMinimization of exergy losses in combustion processes with an illustration of a membrane combustion
Minimization of exergy loe in combution procee with an illutration of a membrane combution Markku J. Lampinen*, Ralf Wikten, Arto Sarvi, Kari Saari and Marjut Penttinen Aalto Univerity, Department of Energy
More informationAdaptive prediction model accuracy in the control of residential energy resources
Delft Univerity of Technology Delft Center for Sytem and Control Technical report 08-013 Adaptive prediction model accuracy in the control of reidential energy reource R.R. Negenborn, M. Houwing, B. De
More information75th MORSS CD Cover Page UNCLASSIFIED DISCLOSURE FORM CD Presentation
75th MORSS CD Cover Page UNCLASSIFIED DISCLOSURE FORM CD Preentation 712CD For office ue only 41205 12-14 June 2007, at US Naval Academy, Annapoli, MD Pleae complete thi form 712CD a your cover page to
More informationUp or Out? Economic-Engineering Theory of Flood Levee Height and Setback
Up or Out? Economic-Engineering Theory of Flood Levee Height and Setback Tingju Zhu 1 and Jay R. Lund 2 Abtract: Levee etback location and height are important iue in flood levee ytem deign and modification.
More informationSimultaneous Synthesis of Multi-Period Heat Exchanger Networks for Multi-Plant Heat Integration
757 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS VOL. 61 2017 Guet Editor:PetarSVarbanov Rongxin Su Hon Loong Lam Xia Liu Jiří J Klemeš Copyright 2017 AIDIC ServiziS.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN
More informationenvironment of the Poyang Lake of the department of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
doi:10.21311/002.31.10.20 Cot - Benefit Analyi of Green Building Baed on Input - Output Theory Liu Wei 1, 2, 3, Wu zhijiang 1 1 Eat China Jiaotong Univerity, Nanchang330013, China 2 The School of economic
More informationChallenges of Developing ISO Sampling Standards
Challenge of Developing ISO Sampling Standard Ralph Holme CSIRO Mineral Down Under Flaghip Chair ISO/TC 10/SC 1 Sampling Iron Ore Chair ISO/TC 7/SC 4 Sampling Coal and Coke Convenor ISO/TC 183/WG 9 Sampling
More informationReservoir simulation and geomechanical modeling in Leming Lake, Alberta
Reervoir imulation Reervoir imulation and geomechanical modeling in Leming Lake, Alberta John J. Zhang, Tony Settari and Laurence R. Bentley ABSTRACT Thi paper deal with reervoir imulation and geomechanical
More informationBachelor End Project: Characterization of the constitutive behavior of polymer foams
Bachelor End Project: Characterization of the contitutive behavior of polymer foam R. van Eijden MT 05.27 Coach: Dr. ir. J.A.W. van Dommelen Eindhoven, April 21t 2005 Content Content Abtract Lit of ymbol
More informationReactive Power Management of a Wind Farm to Prevent Voltage Collapse of an Electric Power System
Reactive Power Management of a Wind Farm to Prevent Voltage Collape of an Electric Power Sytem R. M. Monteiro Pereira Intituto Superior Engenharia de Coimbra, Portugal rmfm@iec.pt C. M. Machado Ferreira
More informationModeling Liquid Phase Sintering of Hard metal powder compacts
ing Liquid Phae Sintering of Hard metal powder compact Shama Shamaundar *, Maheha Siddegowda*, Pavanachand Chigurupati**, Rengarajan Raghavan***, Rameh Rao. S. *** * ProSIM AFTC # 326, 8th Main, III Stage,
More informationDEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH OF DOUBLE LOOP THERMOSYPHON AIR-AIR COOLER FOR WIND POWER GENERATOR
8th International Conerence on Heat Traner, Fluid Mechanic and Thermodynamic HEFAT20 8 th International Conerence on Heat Traner, Fluid Mechanic and Thermodynamic 3 July 20 Pointe Aux Piment, Mauritiu
More informationAn Optimal Real-time Pricing Algorithm for the Smart Grid: A Bi-level Programming Approach
An Optimal Real-time Pricing Algorithm for the Smart Grid: A Bi-level Programming Approach Fan-Lin Meng and Xiao-Jun Zeng School of Computer Science, Univerity of Mancheter Mancheter, United Kingdom mengf@c.man.ac.uk,
More informationNumerical simulation of the seismic behavior of steel storage pallet racking systems
1 Numerical imulation of the eimic behavior of teel torage pallet racking ytem Gonçalo E. Novai Ribeiro Coutinho a a Intituto Superior Técnico, Liboa, Portugal 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview Depite their
More informationMaintaining ISO Compliance in Automated Procedures
Maintaining ISO 1705 Compliance in Automated Procedure Preenter & Author: Jorge Martin Fluke Corporation PO 9090 M/S 6-30 Everett, WA, USA 9806 Phone: (45) 446 6477; Fax: (45) 446 6390 Email: jmartin@flukecom
More informationAvailable from Deakin Research Online:
Thi i the publihed verion: Anderon, T. N. and Duke, M. 2008, Solar energy ue for energy aving in dairy proceing plant, IPENZ engineering TreNz, no. 2008 001, pp. 1 9. Available from Deakin Reearch Online:
More informationConstitutive Model Research on Pure Aluminum Considering Dynamic Recovery and Recrystallization
3rd International Conference on Mechatronic and Information Technology (ICMIT 06) Contitutive Model Reearch on Pure Aluminum Conidering Dynamic Recovery and Recrytallization Tingting Zhou, a,yang Yang,b
More informationJOURNAL OF THE. Agricultural Economics Council. L Northeastern 0,/IA-<- '-'-". ~. ' ) VOLUME Ill, NUMBER 2 OCTOBER 1974 NOV
C i.; ' I FOUNDI.\T!ON OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LIBRARY NOV 6 974 JOURNAL OF THE - L Northeatern Agricultural Economic Council ~ 0,/IA-
More informationJJEES Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences
JJEES Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Science Volume 1, Number 1, Mar. 2008 ISSN 1995-6681 Page 33-44 Developing Reference Crop Evapotranpiration Time Serie Simulation Model Uing Cla a Pan: A
More informationManagement Science Letters
Management Science Letter 2 (202) 247 252 Content lit available at GrowingScience Management Science Letter homepage: www.growingscience.com/ml An empirical tudy to meaure the impact of loan aignment for
More informationModeling Available Soil Moisture Application Note
Modeling Availale Soil Moiture Application Note Gaylon Campell, Ph.D METER Group, Inc. (Formerly Decagon Device, Inc.) Pullman, WA Both the amount and the availaility of water in oil i important to plant
More informationStress Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate with Cut-out
International Journal o Advanced Mechanical Engineering. ISSN 5-334 Volume 4, Number 5 (4), pp. 495-5 Reearch India Publication http://www.ripublication.com Stre Analyi o Functionally Graded Material Plate
More informationEnabling Collaborative Data Sharing in Google+
Enabling Collaborative Data Sharing in Google+ Hongxin Hu Delaware State Univerity, Dover, Delaware, 19901 hxhu@au.edu Gail-Joon Ahn and Jan Jorgenen Arizona State Univerity, Tempe, Arizona, 85287 {gahn,jan.jorgenen}@au.edu
More informationHOW A REDUCTION OF STANDARD WORKING HOURS AFFECTS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS. Summary
De Economit (2010) 158:193 207 The Author() 2010 DOI 10.1007/10645-010-9142-5 Thi article i publihed with open acce at Springerlink.com DE ECONOMIST 158, NO. 2, 2010 HOW A REDUCTION OF STANDARD WORKING
More informationAbtract hape-memory alloy how eature not preent in material traditionally ued in engineering; a a conequence, they are the bai or innovative applicati
HAPE-MEMORY ALLOY: macromodelling and numerical imulation o the uperelatic behavior Ferdinando Auricchio Univerita' di Roma "Tor Vergata" Robert L. Taylor Univerity o Caliornia at Berkeley Jacob Lubliner
More informationNotes on the GoldSim Plume Function
NAC-0036_R1 Note on the GoldSim Plume Function Augut 014 Prepared by John auxe NEPUNE AND COMPANY, INC. 1505 15 th St, Suite B, o Alamo, NM 87544 itle: Decription: hi document calculation detail of the
More informationManagement Science Letters
Management Science Letter 2 (2012) 3049 3054 Content lit available at GrowingScience Management Science Letter homepage: www.growingscience.com/ml Identification and prioritization of hazardou material
More informationThis paper was prepared for presentation at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Beijing, China, March 2013.
IPTC 16439 New Finding on Heatlo of Superheated Steam Tranmitted Along the Wellbore and Heating Enhancement in Heavy Oil Reervoir Xu Anzhu,SPE, Mu Longxin,SPE,Fan Zifei,SPE,Zhao Lun, Reearch Intitue of
More informationLED IP PRIMER. One World LED 1026 South Road, Edwardstown, SA, 5039 p: (08) e:
LED IP PRIMER Thi brochure provide a quick overview of the patented innovation by and our partner around the world. The ytem and method invented by patent granted to One World LED how our commitment to
More informationA Method to Risk Analysis in Requirement Engineering Using Tropos Goal Model with Optimized Candidate Solutions K.Venkatesh Sharma 1, Dr P.V.
www.ijcsi.org 250 A Method to Rik Analyi in Requirement Engineering Uing Tropo Goal Model with Optimized Candidate Solution K.Venkateh Sharma 1, Dr P.V.Kumar 2 1 Reearch Scholar in JNTUK Kakinada, Andhra
More informationBASICS OF SOIL MECHANICS
BASICS OF SOIL MECHANICS Lecture Outline Topic for dicuion 1. Origin of Soil 2. Three Phae Diagram 3. Important Term 4. Phae Relationhip 5. Atterberg limit Origin of Soil Soil are formed by eathering of
More informationChapter 4.4. Manure Application and Alberta s Agricultural Operation Practices Act (AOPA) learning objectives
Manure Application and Alberta Agricultural Operation Practice Act (AOPA) learning objective Identify manure incorporation requirement required by AOPA. Identify minimum etback ditance for manure application
More informationUNIT 2 PROCESS AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING (HRP)
Baic of Human Reource Planning UNIT 2 PROCESS AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING (HRP) Objective After reading thi unit, you hould be able to: l the concept and proce of HRP, l the determination
More informationResearch Article Azocasein Substrate for Determination of Proteolytic Activity: Reexamining a Traditional Method Using Bromelain Samples
Hindawi Publihing Corporation BioMed Reearch International Volume 2016, Article ID 8409183, 6 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8409183 Reearch Article Azocaein Subtrate for Determination of Proteolytic
More informationAnalysis of Disk AC MHD Generator Performance by Finite Element Method
J. Plaa Fuion Re. SERIES, Vol. 9 () Analyi o Dik AC MHD Generator Perorance by Finite Eleent Method Pattana INTANI, Toru SASAKI, Takahi KIKCHI and Nob.HARADA Departent o Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka
More informationEffectiveness and Exergy Destruction Analysis of Evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle
Effectivene and Exergy Detruction Analyi of Evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle Kyoung Hoon Kim, and Chul Ho Han Abtract---Thi paper carrie out a performance analyi baed on the firt and econd law of thermodynamic
More informationResearch Article Effect of Er +3 Concentration on the Small Signal Gain Coefficient and the Gain in the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
Reearch Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (): -, DOI:.9/rjaet.. ISSN: -9; e-issn: - Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: October, Accepted: November, Publihed: April 9,
More informationStudy on Variable Action Value Standard for Harbor Infrastructures
4 th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structure 24 26 July 2014 Purdue Univerity, Wet Lafayette, IN, USA Study on Variable Action Value Standard for Harbor Infratructure Xiaoping
More informationFatigue Crack Repair Using Drilled Holes and Externally Bonded CFRP Strips
Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Reilience and Sutainability Biondini & Frangopol (Ed) 212 Taylor & Franci Group, London, ISBN 978--415-62124-3 Fatigue Crack Repair Uing Drilled Hole and Externally
More informationAn adaptive design approach for a geothermal plant with changing resource characteristics
An adaptive deign approach for a geothermal plant with changing reource characteritic M. Imroz Sohel 1,*, Mathieu Sellier 2, Suan Krumdieck 2 1 Scion, e Papa ipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Rotorua,
More informationAccommodating Transit in TRANSYT
68 TRANSPORTATON RESEARCH RECORD 1181 Accommodating Tranit in TRANSYT SAM YAGAR Although the TRANSYT traffic model imulate tranit vehicle in mixed traffic operation, it doe not adequately conider the effect
More informationEffect of HFTID Controller on the Stability of Thermal Power Generator
Effect of HFTID Controller on the Stability of Thermal Power Generator Anhuman Sehgal, Japreet Kaur, Parveen Lehana 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College,
More informationEvaluating the Influence of Aggregate Size on Permeability of Porous Pavements Using Finite Volume Simulation
Technical Paper ISSN 1996-6814 Int. J. Pavement Re. Technol. 6(5):50-56 Copyright @ Chinee Society of Pavement Engineering Evaluating the Influence of Aggregate Size on Permeability of Porou Pavement Uing
More informationEssential Questions Content Skills Vocabulary
Principle of Engineering (21.0122) (Taught) Ditrict High School > 2016-2017 > Intermediate > Technology & Engineering > Principle of Engineering (21.0122) (Taught) > Byrom, Tony; Watt, Milton Monday, December
More informationOnline Monitoring of Exhaust Gas Emissions of a Boiler with Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blends
Online Monitoring of Exhaut Ga Emiion of a Boiler with Dieel/Biodieel Fuel Blend Andrea Valdman *1, Maurício Bezerra de Souza Jr. 1, Roana Folly 1, Belki Valdman 1 1 School of Chemitry, Chemical Engineering
More informationToP Strategic Planning Design Pattern Application Level
The Big Picture ToP Strategic Planning Deign Pattern Application Level ToP Strategic Planning Overview The ToP Strategic Planning method enable a group to create a et of trategie and practical action plan
More informationCONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR COMPACTING
ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION OPSS.MUNI 501 NOVEMBER 2017 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR COMPACTING TABLE OF CONTENTS 501.01 SCOPE 501.02 REFERENCES 501.03 DEFINITIONS 501.0 DESIGN AND SUBMISSION
More informationComputer Analysis of In-plane Behavior of Masonry Walls Strengthened by FRP Strips
, 22-24 October, 2014, San Francico, USA Computer Analyi of In-plane Behavior of Maonry Wall Strengthened by FRP Strip J. Szolomicki Abtract The paper concern the trengthening uing FRP compoite of maonry
More informationScaling of supersaturation by a simple test
Permafrot, Phillip, pringman & Arenon (ed) 2003 et & Zeitlinger, Lie, IBN 90 5809 582 7 caling of uperaturation by a imple tet M. Dyli oil Mechanic Laboratory of the i Federal Intitute of Technology, Lauanne,
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 8,August ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Reearch, Volume 5, Iue 8,Augut-2014 310 Seimic Behavior of Concrete Column and Beam Reinforced with Interlocking Spiral Ioanni A. Tego, Theodoro A. Chryanidi,
More informationFuel-Powered Compact SMA Actuator
Fuel-Powered Compact SMA Actuator Othon K. Redinioti a, Dimitri C. Lagouda a, Hyoung Y. Jun a, Richard D. Allen a Aeropace Engineering Department Texa A&M Univerity, College Station, TX 77843-3141 ABSTRACT
More informationSINCE the 1960s, conceptual models are in use to facilitate
IEEE TRNSTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MN, ND YBERNETIS PRT Study into the Factor that Influence the Undertandability of Buine Proce Model Hajo. Reijer and Jan Mendling btract Buine proce model are key artifact in
More informationWater Distribution as a Noncooperative Game
Water Ditribution a a Noncooperative Game Ardehir Ahmadi, IHU Univerity,ehran, Iran Ardehir79@yahoo.com ABRAC he water ditribution problem of the Mexican Valley i modeled a a three-peron noncooperative
More informationCarrier-Gas Enhanced Atmospheric Pressure Desalination (Dewvaporation): Economic Analysis and Comparison to Reverse Osmosis and Thermal Evaporation
Carrier-Ga Enhanced Atmopheric Preure Dealination (Dewvaporation): Economic Analyi and Comparion to Revere Omoi and Thermal Evaporation Noah Abba and Kehinde Adeoye Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Univerity
More informationFLUSHING SEDIMENT THROUGH RESERVOIRS *
Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Tranaction B, Vol. 8, No. B1 Printed in Ilamic Republic of Iran, 004 Shiraz Univerity FLUSHING SEDIMENT THROUGH RESERVOIRS * N. TALEBBEYDOKHTI ** AND A. NAGHSHINEH
More informationDiscovering Transcription Factor Binding Motif Sequences
Dicovering Trancription Factor Binding Motif Sequence I Department of Biology, Stanford Univerity, CA, 94305 Introduction In biology, equence motif are hort equence pattern, uually with fixed length, that
More informationChao Si, 1,2 Xiao-Dong Wang, 1,2 Wei-Mon Yan, 3 and Tian-Hu Wang Introduction
Journal of Chemitry Volume 215, Article ID 876821, 17 page http://dx.doi.org/1155/215/876821 Review Article A Comprehenive Review on Meaurement and Correlation Development of Capillary Preure for Two-Phae
More information