The Danish Road to Energy Self-Sufficiency

Transcription

1 The Danish Road to Energy Self-Sufficiency Preben Maegaard, Lifetime Member WCRE Chairperson President Emeritus, WWEA, World Wind Energy Ass. Director (ret.), Folkecenter for Renewable Energy MHI-Vestas V-164, 8 MW EUROPEAN SOLAR FORUM Szczecin, Poland, June 22 nd, 2015

2 2013 hottest year in Australia

3

4 December 2013 hottest month in Argentina ever

5 Brasil: 2013 most precipitation ever

6 Phillipines 2013: Strongest tropical hurricane over land ever.

7

8

9 The good Message: The Renewable Energy Option is realistic! 2011 to 2014 more Renewable energy was installed world-wide than fossil fuels an atomic enegy together! In 2013 China installed more solar and wind energy than atomic energy and fossil fuels together! All renewable energies have conquered important niche markets. Wind energy now costs half of atomic energy per kwh Being decentralised and fluctuating, renewable energy implies a new supply and demand system challenges ahead are enormous

10 Unlimited Energy Resources Renewable energy for 5 billion years Hydropower Biomass Power from the sun on earth s surface Wavepower Windpower Human s total energy 10 consumption in 2003

11 Danish Energy Policy (short): Since 1980 Permission has not been given to build conventional Power Stations: The Consequences have been: 1. High Share of CHP, up to 60% 2. High Share of District Heating, 63% 3. High Share of Wind Energy: In % Future Challenges: a. Replacement of oil-burners b. Phasing out Coal in Central Power Stations c. Agricultural Waste to be activated d. The Transport Sector to change to Renewable Energy

12 Main characteristics of Denmark s electricity supply system (1): Till 1980 was 100% dependency on imported oil Diversification of supply was decided including renewable energy Atomic energy first had main priority but all plans were cancelled in 1985 Since 1980 permission has not been given to build new conventional power stations; only for CHP with supply of district heating as main location factor Decentralization of supply got priority Strong AC and DC transmission cables to Sweden, Norway and Germany

13 Main characteristics of Denmark s electricity supply system (2): High share of CHP, Combined Heat & Power, 60% (European average 10%) 600 locally owned CHP stations below 5 MW using NG or biogas; potential is 25% of power demand; high flexibility for rapid stop and start-up PV 2014, 0,5% Increased use of biomass (wood pellets) in big power stations Low electricity prices (without taxes) due to high share of CHP

14 Wind Energy in Denmark First modern wind energy initiatives in 1975: Security of supply Total installed, end MW; of this offshore MW 2020 wind energy will cover 50% of the demand of power For the month of January 2014 wind energy covered 63% December , 00:56: 127% came from wind energy The renewable energy industry employs people of this the wind industry people; 90% is for export The challenge of the coming years will be best use of the excess power.

15 Managing fluctuating power Denmark fossil free by 2050 Denmark has decided to become independent of fossil fuels by This is backed by an ambitious policy framework as well as a multiple-solutions approach. The ambitious goal will be reached by increasing energy efficiency and expanding the share of renewable energy primarily from wind energy Development of an intelligent energy system capable of managing the fluctuations of solar and wind is necessary. Wind and solar cannot stand alone no matter how innovative and effective it is.

16 The Supply Doctrine 1. Solar and wind power are in principle unlimited resources. Further development can make wind and solar the primary source for electricity, mobility and heating 2. When there is a surplus of wind and solar electricity it shall replace biomass, hydropower and natural gas. 3. Biomass and hydro power will be the primary back-up storages when wind- and solar energy is not sufficient to cover the need for electricity, mobility and heating.

17 Denmark s Energy Infrastructure 1985 and Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

18 The Supply Doctrine for a fossil-free future 1. Further development can make wind & solar power the primary source for electricity and heating 2. Excess power will be used in local CHP plants and replace biomass and natural gas. 3. Biomass, hydropower and natural gas will be backup storage when wind- and solar energy is not sufficient. 4. Biomass, hydropower and NG are limited resources and should not be used when sufficient solar and wind is available.

19 Supported by 95% of Danish Parliament 50% Of the Electicity from the Wind by 2020

20 Danish Government Plan of 22. March 2012

21 Wind Power: Government Prognoses and Actual Development. Wind Energy in Denmark by 2014: MW Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

22 SHARE OF WIND POWER IN DENMARK: 2007: 18% 2010: 25% 2014: 40% 2020: 50% 2030: 65%

23 Energy Plan 2012: 50% Wind Power in 2020; later 65%. This involves Balancing of big Amounts of Power

24 22. Dec. 2013, 0:58 Wind power, 127% of total demand

25 Denmark, wind power capacity by 2020 Wind power in Denmark by 2020 Type of wind power Year/period Installed capacity, MW Costs/kWh/ -cents Existing, End of Offshore, Anholt , full load hours Onshore ½, full load hours Near shore (up to 3 km) ½? Offshore , full load hours Community owned Total MW Source: Danish Ministry of Energy, press release

26 Wind Energy for 200 Years!

27 2 MW TVIND FROM 1978

28

29 Middelgrunden, Denmark 20 x 2,3 MW

30

31 National Test Center, Osterild, Thy

32 World s biggest: MHI-Vestas, 8 MW, rotor Ø 164 meter During testing in Østerild, Thy: Production on Oct 5, 2104; kwh

33 Small Wind 6/10 kw for Rural Households since 2011

34 Folkecenter Small Wind Turbine Test Center

35 NEXT STEP Integrating wind and CHP

36 Power Demand and Wind Power Denmark, 2007 and 2015

37 Applications of Excess Power 1. Stop temporarily the operation of some of the wind turbines 2. Export of power to neighbouring countries 3. New applications of excess fluctuating power: Power-to-Hydrogen; Power-to-Gas; Power-to- Heat, etc.

38 Northern Europe Offshore Power Transmission

39 Wind power, 127% of total demand

40 CHP for Large and Small Cities kw 350 kw

41 Vorupör, 1,8 MW el, 800 Inhabitants

42 Basic down-regulating technologies Hot water storage Grindsted Boiler 20 MW electric boiler Folkecenter for Renewable Energy

43 Wind Power for Heating in Hanstholm

44 Replacement of Fossil Fuels by Wind, Solar and Biomass

45 Integrated Hydrogen System Source: Total

46 LOCAL ACCEPTANCE NEEDED! WIND POWER AS A LEVER FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

47

48 Local ownership and income generation

49 Ownership, acceptance, new economy

50 New trend: Solar Thermal District Heating

51 Solar District Heating, Denmark 2014

52 Solar Heating in Denmark, Growth 2006 to 2015 Source: Planenergi

53 Heating versus Food Will a Thermal Solar Plant take up farm land? The heat storage is located in a gravel pit that has not been used for 50 years. The 26 ha. Where the solar collectors are installed is farm land. In case the need for food in 30 years is more important than for the production of heat from the sun, the 26 ha. can be recovered as farm land. Comparison of energy output per hectar of for solar heating compared with energy crops: Solar Thermal will supply over1.000 MWh/ha Energy Crops will supply 20 to 50 MWh/ha.

54 Dronninglund 2014 Solar panels m2; Storage m3, 22% of the heat demand

55

56 Marstal Storage under Construction

57 Marstal Storage under Construction

58 Marstal Storage Construction completed

59 Ringkøbing District Heating

60

61 Ringkøbing (4)

62 Vojens To be increased from to m2, and m3 hot Water Storage, largest in Denmark

63 Folkecenter since1974 had a crucial role in Denmark To inform o To inspire o To involve o To demonstrate o To test o To transfer new technology

64 The answer..

65 Tak for opmærksomheden Thank You!