MOVING AND NON-MOVING MICRO PUMPS FOR FLUID DELIVERY: A STUDY OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES. ME2082 Dr. Wang Class Project Presenter: Susan Felix

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1 MOVING AND NON-MOVING MICRO PUMPS FOR FLUID DELIVERY: A STUDY OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES ME2082 Dr. Wang Class Project Presenter: Susan Felix

2 Introduction! Micropump History! In existence since before 1970s! MEMS and Biotech! Medical Microfluidics! Drug Delivery! External Placement! Internal Placement

3 Biotechnology, Drug Delivery and! Drug Therapy Market Needs! Better delivery performance! More sophisticated drugs! Cost! Necessity! Medical Errors due to human mistakes! Procedure Reduction! More reliable

4 Biotechnology, Drug Delivery and Market Needs! Convenience and Patient Concerns! More regular medicine dosage! Diabetes/Insulin! Alzheimer s! More comfortable placement

5 Non-Moving Actuation:! What is electro-osmosis? osmosis? Electro-osmosis osmosis! Flow of liquid in contact with a solid surface induced by an applied tangential electric field! Diffuse layer begins to move in response to the electric forces of the ionic charges, drag and push the liquid surrounding them, producing liquid flow! Why electro-osmosis? osmosis?! Minimal wear with no moving parts! Inexpensive! Disposable

6 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Electro-osmosis osmosis Fluid Velocity! Helmholz-Smoluchowski Equation! Developed by Chang and Kang

7 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Electro-osmotic osmotic Conductivity, based on material properties! Tortuosity of the material is defined as (Le/L)! Zeta potential of the given material is the potential at the intermediate node of a potential divider, formed by the capacitance at the diffuse layer

8 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! How is flow rate changed in EO?! Flow rate can be increased by! increasing the electro-osmotic osmotic conductivity (changing material properties necessary to calculate k e! decreasing the conductivity of the material! increasing the current

9 ! Fluid Flow Non-Moving Actuation:! Piston type Actuation! Laminar flow! Diffuse layer Electro-osmosis osmosis! Dependent on conduction, can vary in size

10 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Variation parameters that affect flow rate! Channel size and cross sectional area

11 ! Increasing flow rate Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Increasing the ratio of circumference to its cross sectional area a (C/A value)! The C/A value for the capillary on the left is 4x10 5 and the C/A value for the capillary on the right is 8x10 4. I is expected that the capillary on the right would have better pump performance.

12 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Researchers at Stanford working in conjunction with Intel, have found that the cross sectional area of the pump can be made arbitrarily large by increase the number of slots.

13 Non-Moving Actuation: Electro-osmosis osmosis! Prototype of silicon electro-osmotic osmotic pump developed at Stanford University

14 Non-Moving Actuation:! Research in Academia! Testing Methods! Small flow rates! Small outlet/inlet Electro-osmosis osmosis

15 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Reduction in the number of moving parts or surfaces compared to reciprocating pump! Reduction in wear and fatigue failures of these pumps compared to reciprocating pumps! Already used on a macro scale

16 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! How do peristaltic pumps work?! One method piezo disks

17 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Piezoelectric Effect and Peristaltic Pumps! Converse effect! Applied voltage deforms the piezo material! Materials! Ceramics, single crystals, polymers, composites or films.

18 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Characteristic Equations! Deformation! Strain

19 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Alternate Methods for Creating Motion - Membranes

20 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Governing Equations for Electrostatic Actuation! permittivity, cross sectional area, spring constant, voltage and gap distance between electrodes are the independent variables within the system! Threshold Voltage! Electrostatic Pressure

21 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Governing Equations for Electrostatic Actuation! Spring Constant for Membrane (dependent on membrane geometry)! Impedance

22 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Manufacturing Abilities! Pump chambers in the silicon disk! Ion etching system on a polished silicon wafer.! Utilized in the super conductor industry.! Inlet and outlet ports on the glass! Precision sand blasted with particles of sand! Parts are anodically bonded together

23 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Anodic Bonding! Displace ions from the glass surface at elevated temperatures by an electric field! Glass becomes highly reactive reactive with the silicone surface and forms a chemical bond! Information on this bonding is readily available in both the academic and commercial fields,! Manufacturing method is viable and sustainable.

24 Moving Actuation: Peristaltic Pump! Moving Parts! More wear than EO pumps! Possible decrease in reliablity! Trap air/other particles! FEA (ANSYS)! CFD

25 Compare and Contrast! Drug Delivery Performance! Flow rate and Pressure! Control the flow of the fluid to the patient.! Speedy and accurate delivery is highly desired! Protecting fluids with suspended cells or microspheres by considering shear stress! Must reliably prevent clogging.

26 Compare and Contrast! Non-moving pumps are represented by pink squares and triangles! Faster flow rates at 0.01 atm to 1 atm! Higher pressures at low flow rates! Mechanical moving pumps by green circles

27 Compare and Contrast! Flow Rate vs. Pressure for micro diaphragm pump at varying frequencies

28 ! Flow Rate vs. Pressure for EO pump at varying frequencies

29 Current Market Products! Debiotech! Chronoject! Silicon and anodic wafer binding! Insulin Pump! Sensors for Air/Particulate! Low flow rates (1 ml/min)! 90% yield manufacturing

30 Current Market Products! Particle-laden laden Delivery! Flamel,, Inc.! Drug material in the lower intestine, has produced small molecule drugs! Drug delivery in children! Need small particle delivery, delivered over a longer period of time

31 Current Market Products! Particle-laden laden Delivery! Sarcos - Domino Micropump! Programmable delivery through a microprocessor! Drug delivery to human patients for pharmacological and toxicological testing! Parasite control and other applications for animals! Work in conjunction with catheters for taking biopsies of and surgeries for breast cancer.

32 Current Market Products! Passive Check Valves! ThinXXs Micropump! Piezo diaphragm pump with passive check valves! Flow rate of the fluid is controlled by the frequency necessary to activate the piezoelectric material

33 Future Trends! Analytical tools! Finite element (FEA)! Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)! Used to improve current designs to increase strength of the micro pump or perform an in-depth study of the flow pattern through the pump.! Development to improve the designs can happen at a faster pace through computer simulation software.! model several different surface areas or flow patterns! solid material in liquids can be simulated in flow scenarios to determine if the shear stress generated in the pump will destroy the materials

34 Conclusions! There is a market need for micropumps in the field of medical drug delivery! Past designs have been large and bulky.! Advent of advanced medicine, pumps that can precisely and accurately deliver drugs to a patient are needed.! As the size of pumps in development get smaller, pump performance is becoming specific, with no pump that can clearly handle all applications.

35 Conclusions! Peristaltic Pumps! Well documented on a macro scale.! Peristaltic pumps use a simple method to push fluid by a series of consecutive movements! The downfall of a peristaltic pump is the amount of mechanical moving parts.! These parts present not only reliability concerns from wear and degeneration of material over time! Present a point for fluids with suspended particles to become clogged and prevent the pump from working as intended.! Manufacturing still being developed, but based on already existing technology

36 Conclusions! Electro-osmosis osmosis pumps will most likely evolve to produce pressures and flow rates needed! Peristaltic pumps, through means of membrane-like parts or other means will continue to produce the desired flow rates and pressures while reducing shear stress and other factors detrimental to fluids containing microspheres.! Both fields of micro pumps are still mainly in research arena, it is expected that the pump technology that overtakes the consumer market will be that which is proven reliable - not only in a performance manner, but also in a manufacturing sense.

37 Conclusions! Electro-osmosis osmosis! System is very simple and contains no moving parts! Pumps are limited in materials used in the construction of the capillary, as well as fluids they are capable of delivering.! The pressures and flow rates produced are similar to those produced by moving part pumps such as peristaltic and restriction.! Manufacturing still being developed

38 Questions?

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