Meri-Pori CCS Project. CCS Seminar, Hanasaari November Mikko Iso-Tryykäri

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1 Meri-Pori CCS Project CCS Seminar, Hanasaari November Mikko Iso-Tryykäri

2 How to limit global CO 2 emissions? Global CO 2 emissions 60 IEA baseline scenario GtCO 2 8 wedges 30 Realized emissions Sources: IEA ETP 2008, Princeton University, Fortum

3 Each single wedge equals for example 500 Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plants A bio crops plantation equalling the total area of India One million 2 MW wind power plants Halving car mileage (or halving emissions from all passenger vehicles) Doubling the efficiency of world s coal-fired power plants CCS in 800 large coal-fired power plants

4 And 8 wedges just isn t quite enough Global CO 2 emissions 60 IEA baseline scenario GTCO 2 8 wedges 30 Realized emissions 6 additional wedges = Estimated requirement to limit temperature increase to 2 C (450 ppm scenario) Sources: IEA ETP 2008, Princeton University, Fortum

5 Roadmap for CCS technology CO 2 Trade European Global CCS part of global emission trading Up to 30 MW More than 300 MW 500+ MW CCS Technology status Early pilots Large pilots EU demo programme First full scale demos Early commercial Business as usual 5 Industry leaders are made here

6 CCS faces challenges to overcome CCS is part of the solution, but development must be accelerated Global binding agreements for curbing climate change Development of CCS technology, costs and energy efficiency Political and communication challenges Coal still the most important source of energy in growing Asian markets Significant part of US is powered with local coal CCS plays an important role in climate change mitigation, if 2 degrees targets is to be met CCS costs >> CO 2 price CCS efficiency penalty too high (6-10 %-points) Storage investigations and accurate projections for storage capacity Creation of transport and storage infrastructure Funding of demonstration projects => demos develop technology and cut costs Public and political acceptance of CCS to climate change mitigation toolbox Clarification of legislation and licencing procedures Public awareness of CCS and especially acceptance of geological final storage

7 CCS demontration projects are planned around the world Source: Global CCS Institute 2010

8 FINNCAP - Meri-Pori CCS project Fortum and TVO aimed to retro-fit Meri-Pori 565 MW power plant with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) equipment by 2015 CO 2 would have been be captured with Siemens advanced amino acid salt technology Maersk Tankers was developing a CO 2 ship transportation concept in the project Maersk Oil was investigating possibilities for final CO 2 storage in the depleting oil and gas fields of the Danish North Sea Feasibility studies completed in Target was to have Meri-Pori CCS project accepted to the EU CCS demonstration program, but the project was discontinued in October 2010 based on Fortum's updated strategy

9 Siemens Post-Combustion Capture Process Non-CCS reference plant: SSP (800 MWel,net, 600 C/610 C/270bar) Hard coal Net efficiency 45.7% without CCS Solvent slip nearly zero Low degradation (O 2 ) Siemens CO 2 compressor solutions CO 2 concentration 99% pressure 200 bar Stringent environmental requirements are easily met C High absorption rate C Heating up solvent Desorption of CO 2 Evaporation of reflux water approx. 120 C Low energy demand 2.7 GJ / ton CO 2 captured, approx. 40 % of LP steam The efficiency is approx. 9.2 %-pts. lower than the reference hard-coal fired power plant, CO 2 compression (200 bar) included.

10 CO 2 capture fits well to the power plant site CO 2 -tanker Intermediate storage Liquefaction plant Capture plant Flue gas channel

11 CO 2 ship transport a unique feature in FINNCAP CO 2 to be transported from Meri-Pori as cooled liquid (-50 ºC, ~7 bar) with two tanker ships Transportation distance approximately km and ship size ~ m3 Maersk Tankers as the co-operation partner in shipping Photo: Maersk Tankers Similar tankers currently utilized in liquefied petroleum, petrochemical and ammonia gas transportation Ships can be offloaded to a port or offshore platform depending on final storage solution New vessels will have to be built to match required capacity

12 Assessment of alternative transport and storage solutions Finland does not possess suitable storage sites for carbon dioxide Several storage options were investigated in Baltic Sea and North Sea region Closest storage sites approximately 1000 km away from Meri-Pori Most promising alternatives in Poland, Denmark, Germany and Norway were assessed Offshore storage in oil fields was considered most promising due to: Permitting and local awareness issues Opportunity to utilize existing infra and wellknown geology Potential for EOR to compensate part of the costs Onshore storage options were ruled out mostly because of local awareness issues 12

13 Geological storage to take place in Danish North Sea Maersk Oil investigating the possibility of providing final CO 2 storage in the depleting oil and gas fields of the Danish North Sea According to EU Geocapacity estimates, Danish geology could store approximately 17 Gt of CO 2 in 11 most suitable structures Geological storage takes place in suitable oil field over 1000 m below sea bed Aim to utilize existing offshore infrastructure efficiently in CO 2 storage Also opportunities for enhanced oil recovery shall be investigated

14 Environmental Impact Assessment for Capture Environmental impact assessment process started in autumn 2009 Key findings local population has a positive attitude towards project capture plant does not include significant risks or environmental concerns different from normal power plant and industrial operations CO 2 handling and intermediate storage shall be operated according to high industrial standards project is feasible from EIA point of view EIA process was completed in August

15 What was done? Feasibility studies for different CCS technologies at Meri-Pori power plant Profound tendering round for world's leading CCS technology suppliers concerning FEED and following construction Development of CO 2 shipping concept Mapping of CO 2 storage locations and potential partners Environmental impact assessment Interest promotion in Brussels and Finland

16 What was accomplished? Co-operation with Siemens and Maersk Cost wise competitive EU CCS demo program candidate project although potential storage locations very far from the power plant Globally first completed environmental impact assessment for full scale Siemens post combustion technology and first EIA for a CCS plant in Finland Structure of EU CCS demo scheme allows transboundary projects, ship transport and EOR

17 What was learned? Technology - Meri-Pori power plant could have been equipped with CCS using post combustion or oxyfuel technology Storage - Onshore storages are challenging for foreign actors, but it is easier to get in to offshore projects Project development - Challenging projects can be developed also in Finland when you have a goal oriented and efficient team EU programs - Structure of programs can be significantly improved by active participation in preparation phase National support - projects based on public subsidies include a high political risk increasing uncertanties for developer Company strategies - successful companies have several alternative paths for future. Sometimes this leads to rapid changes on project level CCS business - sufficient number of demos required for successfull technology testing seem to progress well. CCS markets in 2020's can provide excellent business opportunities for committed actors but several uncertanties still remain

18 Conclusions CCS belongs to climate change mitigation toolbox, if 2 degrees temperature rise remains as a target Full scale demonstration plants are needed to prove technology and cut costs before commercialisation Several demo projects are about to start on different continents Fortum's Finncap project succeeded to develop one of the most promising EU CCS demo program candidates and resulted in valuable lessons learnt Fortum decided to discontinue the Finncap, but continues to participate actively in CCS technology development

19 We'll still have some work to do 500 Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plants A bio crops plantation equalling the total area of India One million 2 MW wind power plants Halving car mileage (or halving emissions from all passenger vehicles) Doubling the efficiency of world s coal-fired power plants CCS in 800 large coal-fired power plants

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