Application of Induction Machine in Wind Power Generation System

Transcription

1 Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) Application of Induction Machine in Wind Powe Geneation System Neha S. Ukude M.Tech I.D.C. Pusuing P.C.E., Nagpu. Kisho B. Poate Asst. Pof.. Electical Engg. Dept., P.C.E., Nagpu. Rahul Nagpue Asst. Pof.. Electical Engg. Dept., P.C.E., Nagpu. ABSTRACT Powe geneation due to fossil fuel is not eco fiendly and economical. Non conventional souces ae the option to ovecome the poblems due to fossil fuels. Powe geneation by wind is one of the option which is eco fiendly and economical in long tem. This pape deals with application of induction machine as a wind geneato. Simulation is caied out in MATLAB envionment and esults ae investigate fo no load, load and load with STATCOM condition. STATCOM is suggested at load bus to impove the system stability. Keywods Fixed speed induction geneato, STATCOM, voltage stability. 1. INTRODUCTION Electical enegy is a vey cucial issue as its demand is moe than the geneation. Enegy has been the impotant diving foce of the continual pogess of human application. Accoding to the cuent enegy souces about 86% of total enegy is geneated fom fossil fuels, 8% is geneated fom nuclea plants, and emaining 6% comes fom enewable souces(mainly wind powe, hydo and biomass). Unfotunately the wold has limited amount of fossil fuel and nuclea powe esouces. Besides ou ovedependence on fossil and nuclea fuels is causing envionmental pollution and safety poblems, which ae now becoming dominating issues in ou society. In vaious counties like Euope wind powe development dominates the global maket fo ex. Denmak poduces 0% of total enegy fom wind powe and they ae tageting 50% of total shae of enegy fom wind powe by 05[1]. The installed capacity of wind powe in India was Mw in 011. It is estimated that 6000 Mw of additional wind powe capacity will be installed in India in coming -3 yeas. Wind powe accounts fo 60% of India s total installed powe capacity and it geneates 1.6% of county s powe. Wind powe has many advantages that makes it a lucative souce of powe fo both utility-scale and small distibuted powe geneation applications. Wind powe is a clean and endless fuel as it doesn t poduce any emissions and is not un down with time. The themal powe plants use fossil fuels like coal, oil as the fuel fo poducing electicity but wind powe plant doesn t need any fuel. They use atmospheic wind which is available abundantly and feely. Also the size of plant and cost of geneating electicity is moe as compaed to wind powe plant. Although the use of vaiable speed wind tubines with powe electonics intefaces is the tend, many gid diectly connected induction geneato based wind tubine ae still in opeation, such as Fixed speed induction machine (FSIM) o wounded oto induction machine. Voltage instability poblems and collapse typically occu on powe system that is not able to meet demand of eactive powe, fo consideing heavy loads and fault conditions. When wind fams ae connected to a weak netwok, the voltage stability is one of the most impotant factos that affect wind fam s stable opeation. The common types of wind tubine ae fix-speed tubine with induction geneato diectly connected to the gid. An induction geneato connected with a wind tubine to geneate electicity is sink of eactive powe. Theefoe, the compensation of eactive powe is necessay in ode to maintain the ated voltage on netwok to which the wind fam is connected.[] This pape deals with the application of induction machine as a geneato. Fixed speed induction geneato(fsig) is used as a wind geneato and is caied out in MATLAB envionment. Results ae investigate fo no load, load and with STATCOM condition. STATCOM is suggested at load bus to impove system stability.. MODELLING The woking pinciple of the wind tubine includes the following convesion pocesses: the oto extacts the kinetic enegy fom the wind ceating geneato toque and the geneato convets this toque into electicity and feeds it into the gid. Pesently thee ae thee main tubine types available They ae Fixed speed induction geneato Doubly fed induction geneato. Diect-dive synchonous geneato. In this pape in ode to investigate the effect of voltage on the stability of the system fixed speed induction geneato is consideed. The mechanical powe and the aeodynamic toque developed by a wind tubine ae given by: 3 PW vwindc p(. ) (1) T v c Whee, 3 W wind p(. ) / () PW - Mechanical output powe of the tubine (W) 10

2 Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) TW - the aeodynamic toque (N/m), cp -Pefomance coefficient of the tubine ρ- Ai density (kg/m 3 ) vwind - Wind speed (m/s) -Tip speed atio of the oto blade - Blade pitch angle (deg). 3. FIXED INDUCTION GENERATOR Q e Whee, V V e( LLS LLR ) elms ( Rs R / S) ( e ) ( LLS LL ) P = the numbe of poles, L m is the magnetizing inductance, R and Rs ae the oto and stato side esistance, is the electical oto speed e is the line fequency V is the stato voltage (4) Ls and L ae the leakage inductance S is the slip All the electical quantities ae efeed to the stato side. Fig.1. Fixed speed induction geneato An induction geneato o asynchonous geneato shown in fig 1. is a type of AC electical geneato that uses the pinciples of induction motos to poduce powe. Induction geneatos opeate by mechanically tuning thei oto in geneato mode, giving negative slip. In this pape(asynchonous) fixed speed induction geneato is used to convet mechanical enegy into electicity. An induction geneato may be diectly connected to the gid. Wind tubines poduce electicity by using the powe of the wind to dive an electical geneato. Passing ove the blades, wind geneates lift and exets a tuning foce. The otating blades tun a shaft inside the nacelle, which goes into a gea box. The geabox adjusts the otational speed to that which is appopiate fo the geneato, which uses magnetic fields to convet the otational enegy into electical enegy[]. The featues of this type of system ae simple and cheap constuction and no synchonism device is equied. The demand fo eactive fo the eactive powe is nomally met by capacito banks that may be switched in o out accoding to the eal powe poduction. The eactive powe demand will incease when the machine speed is diveted fom synchonous speed, and will educe if the machine teminal voltage get dopped. Fo this kind of geneatos, the steady state geneated active Pe and eactive powe Qe ae appoximated as: Pe p R V S ( R R / S) ( ) ( L L ) e s e LS L (3) STATCOM OPERATION 4. STATCOM OPERATION STATCOM is a powe electonics device based on the voltage souce convete pinciple. The technology typically in use is a two level voltage souce convete with a DC enegy stoage device, a coupling tansfome connected in shunt with the powe system, and DSP based contol cicuits.[4] The main advantage of the STATCOM ove thyisto type of static va compensatos is that the compensating cuent does not depend on the voltage level of the connecting point and thus the compensating cuent is not loweed as the voltage dops. Howeve, in the light of the new gid codes fo wind geneation, the most elevant featue of the STATCOM will be its inheent capability to incease the tansient stability magin and thus contibute with ide though handling. STATCOM configuation is shown in fig. Fig.. STATCOM configuation 11

3 Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) FSIM is used as a wind geneato. Simulation is caied out in MATLAB envionment and the esults ae veified fo no load, load and load with STATCOM. STATCOM is assigned at load to impove the stability. The basic block diagam is shown in fig 3.. Table. 3: Fixed speed induction geneato Rated powe MW Rated voltage kv 0.96 Angula moment of inetia (H), s Mechanical damping, 0.01 Stato esistance, Fig. 3 Block diagam of FSIG with STATCOM System paametes ae epoted in table 1, and 3. Simulation is caied out fo no load, load and load with STATCOM in tems of voltage, speed and toque. Results ae investigated and ae shown in table. Table. 1: Wind tubine paametes Rated powe, mw Rated voltage kv 0.96 Roto diamete, m 76 Roto esistance, Stato leakage inductance, Roto leakage inductance, Mutual inductance, Moment of inetia kgm^ 9.0x10^6 Table. : Tansfome paametes Rated capacity, MVA 0 High voltage, kv Low voltage, kv 0.96 Magnetizing cuent, % 1 Positive sequence leakage 0.1 eactance, Fig.4. Toque of geneato (without load) 1

4 VOLTAGE VOLTAGE voltage Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) Fig. 5. Roto speed (without load) Fig.8. Toque of geneato (with load) Time Fig.6. Pimay voltage (without load) Fig.9. Roto speed (with load) 1.11 x Fig.7. Geneated voltage (without load) Fig.10. Pimay voltage (with load) 13

5 VOLTAGE Intenational Jounal of Applied Infomation Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : nd National Confeence on Innovative Paadigms in Engineeing & Technology (NCIPET 013) RESULT AND CONCLUSION Simulation is caied out fo induction machine as a FSIG in MATLAB envionment. It is caied out fo no load and load with STATCOM. Results ae investigated fo voltage, speed, toque etc. Compaative esults ae epoted in table (4) with the application of STATCOM. The pefomance of FSIG has been impoved and enhance the system stability. This pape also suggests that induction machine is the best option as a wind geneato which is eco fiendly and economical fo long tem. 6. REFERENCES Fig.11. Geneated voltage (with load) Table. 4: Compaison at NO-load and load with STATCOM PARAMETER AT NO LOAD AT LOAD AT LOAD WITH STATCOM Pimay voltage(kv) Busba voltage(kv) Speed(pu) Toque(N-M) [1] Chen Z, Y. Hu and F. Blaabjeg, Stability impovement of induction geneato based wind tubine system, Tansaction of IET-Renewable powe geneation, vol.1 (1), pp , Mach 007. [] Oma Noueldeen, Low Voltage Ride though Stategies fo SCIG Wind Tubines Inteconnected Gid, Intenational Jounal of Electical & Compute Sciences IJECS-IJENS, vol.11(),pp , Apil 011. [3] Z. Saad-Saoud, M.L. Lisboa, J. B. Ekanayake, N. Jenkins, G. Stbac, Application of STATCOMs to wind fams, Tansaction of IET-IEE poceedings-geneation, Tansmission and Distibution, vol.145(5), pp , Sept [4] M.Mohammadha Hussaini and D. R. Anita, Dynamic esponse of wind powe geneatos using STATCOM, Tansaction on Intenational confeence of advance in ecent technology in communication and computing, vol. (4), pp , Oct 010. [5] Nedzmija Demiovic, Sejid Tesnjak Dynamic analysis of wind fam using induction Geneato wind tubines 14th Intenational Reseach/Expet Confeence Tends in the Development of Machiney and Associated Technology Septembe 010. [6] A.Paveen Vama, k. Bala Chaki: Study of gid connected induction geneato fo wind powe applications, Thesis,