ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL
|
|
- Kelley Phelps
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL Metallurgical Engineering Department RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Jamshedpur Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand ABSTRACT The rapid and unplanned setting up of industries had caused pollution of air, water and land contaminated with toxic materials and pollutants. The environmental pollution has been created by man s infinite needs, excessive and unnecessary human population, diverse human activities, increased living standards, deforestation and unplanned exploitation of natural resources. In addition to this, production of metals from their ores, services of aero- planes motor cars, burning of fuels, etc. are adding harmful pollutants to atmosphere. Moreover, industries discharge carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, lead oxides, oxides of Sulphur, hydrocarbons, metallic dust and particulates. These substances are enhancing pollution in the environment. Pollution is of all sorts and has affected everywhere. Even very conscience of man is polluted. Prevention and control of environmental pollution can be managed by environmental awareness programme, among people, students and factories workers to about adverse effects of environmental pollution; proper utilization of natural resources; protection of forest by all means and to promote new plantation; control of overpopulation and pollution; environmental educational and training programmes; search of new technologies to reduce environmental pollution. Keywords: Pollutants, overpopulation, resources, particulates, oxides, etc. [1] INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution is defined as addition of any foreign material or any physical change in natural air, water or land which may affect the living life (human, agricultural or biological) after sometime or after very long time. The three essential constituents of living organisms are air, water and soil. About hundred years ago, these constituents are almost pure or uncontaminated from pollutants. The desire for survival race, high standard living, threat of competition and lust for supremacy for others resulted in growing environmental pollution. More demands & consumption of various commodities, mining activities, nuclear activities, agricultural activities increased means of transport and rapid industrialisation have additional factors in growing environmental degradation. There must be ecological equilibrium between environment and living organisms [1]. For instance, the atmosphere consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases by volume. 1
2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL Now if oxygen exceeds 30%, the earth would be engulfed by fire and if it reduces to 15%, then human beings would die of suffocation. So it is autotrophs which keep the environment in equilibrium so that humans, animals and plant kingdom all may exist. The law of conservation of energy governs both the energy and eco-system [1]. According to this law, neither energy nor matter can be created or destroyed. Resources drawn from nature in the form of materials and energy must inevitably return to nature. This takes place in the form of waste disposal. Environmental in turn has the capacity to convert these wastes back into useful inputs thereby maintaining the ecological balance. The tragedy is that this balancing capacity of environment is destroyed by diverse human activities in the process of consumption and production of various commodities in large scale all over the world. The objective of the present investigation is to create awareness among the people to understand environmental pollution and its control. [2] ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Developmental activities such as construction, industrialization and transportation not only reduce the natural resources but also generate huge amount of wastes that cause pollution/contamination of air, water, soil, and oceans and enhance global warming, acid rains, occurrence of cyclones in the coastal regions, gradually declining & untimely rainfall and shrinking of glacier. Garbage, industrial wastes and domestic sewage are major sources of river pollution and environmental degradation causing poor &ill health and loss of crop productivity. [3] SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION According to Saxe and Lichy human population is the main source of pollution as more people will create more sewage & solid wastes and will use various commodities such as more food, fuel, fertilizers, chemical and automobiles. (motor cycles, cars, trucks, buses, scooters etc.) Environmentalist consider that rapid & unplanned industrialization, exploitation of natural resources, deforestation, oil spillage, unplanned constructions of roads, houses, drains and human population are key factors for enhancing environmental degradation in the universe [1]. [4] CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT Pollutants are substances causing changes physically or chemically in air, water and soil [1]. They are classified as (1) toxic metal such as mercury, lead, arsenic, cobalt, nickel chromium, cadmium, lithium, iron etc., (2) radioactive sub stances such as cobalt-60, iodine-131, plutonium- 239, strontium-90, argon-41, cesium-137 etc., (3) sewage such as human wastes, (4) fertilizer such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, fertilizers, urea and pesticides, (5) Economic poisons such as pesticides, insecticides, herbicides etc., (6) organic substances such as detergent, chlorofluorocarbon, organo-fluorine compounds, organic complexes, benzocynides etc., (7) gases such as carbon dioxides, carbon monoxides, fluorine, nitrogen-dioxide, sulphur-dioxide, ammonia,
3 oxides of phosphorus, chlorine, bromine etc., (8) air matter or particulates such as smoke, dust etc., (9) electronic waves such as noise of vehicles, motorcars, radios etc., (10) micro-organism and bacteria which cause cholera, dysentery, typhoid etc. and (11) population. [5] CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Environmental pollution is classified as follows [1]: 1. Air pollution, 2. Water pollution, 3. Soil pollution, 4. Noise pollution, 5. Radioactive pollution, 6. Pesticides pollution, 7. Marine pollution, 8. Population pollution, 9. Oil pollution, 10. Metal pollution, 11. Acid pollution, 12. Industrial pollution, 13. Drug pollution, 14. Detergent pollution, 15. Room conditioner pollution, 16. Odour pollution, 17. Silt pollution, 18. River pollution, 19. Esturarine pollution, 20. Ionic pollution, 21. Plastic pollution, 22.Thermal pollution 23. Chemical pollution, 24. Biologcal pollution, 25. Smoke pollution, 26. Particulate pollution 27. Sewage pollution, 28. Electronic pollution. The major pollutions such as air, water and soil pollutions are described here. [6] AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is caused by discharge of contaminants such as gas, smoke, dust, fume, odour or vapour in the atmosphere. Industries are biggest sources of air pollution. There are various industries such as, iron and steel plants, coke oven plants, fertilizer complex, cement industries, thermal power stations, sulphuric acid industries, nitric acid plants etc. These industries release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, pesticides, fluoride, phosphate, mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic which are destroying the plants animals, human beings, soils and waters. Sulphur dioxide discharged in to the atmosphere from thermal power stations, sulphuric acid industries, iron works and aeroplanes forms sulphurus and sulphuric acid by atmospheric reaction. These acids fall on the ground in the form of rain and pollute rivers and soil. In general, sulphuric acid destroys water, animals, plants and fertility of soil. The reaction between sulphur dioxide and moisture /oxygen of air is illustrated below [1]: SO 2+H 2O = H 2SO 3 H 2SO 3+O (air) = H2SO 4 2SO 2+O 2 = 2SO 3 SO 3+H 2O = H 2SO 4 Nitrogen dioxide [1] discharged into the atmosphere from combustion of fuels and industries react with moisture/water and form various acids as follows: 2NO 2+H 2O = HNO 2+HNO 3 3HNO 2 = 2NO+HNO 3+H 2O Flour mills, rice mills, dal mills, and saw mills release dust which affect health problems especially respiratory and gastric troubles. Tons of garbage and huge amount of sewage create foul smell responsible for many diseases in towns and cities. Daily 1500 tons of pollutants mostly from 3
4 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL automobile and industries pollute the atmosphere which contains three times more sulphur dioxide than the tolerance limit. [7] CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION Hydrocarbons can be controlled by absorption, condensation and combustion. Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide gas can be controlled by combustion into CO 2. Hydrocarbons CO+H2O Combustion CO+O CO2 Eco-development programmes should be arranged to promote new plants which absorb not only gases but also release pure oxygen beneficial for human beings. [8] WATER POLLUTION Combustion The presence of any foreign material which changes water physically or chemically is called water pollution. The main sources of water pollution such as increased pollution, industrial waste, domestic sewage disposal, garbage, radioactive waste have polluted river water. Water pollution is classified as (i) physical pollution, (ii) inorganic pollution, (iii) organic pollution, (iv) garbage pollution, (v) pesticide pollution, (vi) oil pollution and (vii) radioactive pollution [2]. (i) Physical Pollution: Any change in colour or odour of water is called physical pollution. Such odour is generated by the presence of grasses, humus, poly compounds, plastic containers and micro-organisms such as algae, protozoa etc. Sewage or industrial effluents cause objectionable odour in polluted water. (ii) Inorganic Pollution: In organic substances like sulphides, nitrides, sulphates, phosphates discharged from industries into river water making them unfit for drinking is called inorganic pollution. (iii) Organic Pollution: The pesticides, fungicides, bactericides etc. are organic compounds for killing small insects in agricultural field. These compounds change ph value drastically and change also dissolved oxygen. (iv) Garbage pollution: Various rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Damodar and Godavari are polluted by throwing tons of garbage, chemicals and intustrial wastes into the rivers. (v) Pesticides Pollution: Pesticides are chemical compounds used to increase agricultural products by destroying the pests. These pesticides pollute air, water and soil by transmission. These increase human diseases and impair human tissues, liver and kidney. (vi) Oil Pollution: Oil comes in contact of water when it is transported through the sea due to leakage in ports. Petrol and kerosene evaporate and pollute air while naphtha destroy plant and animal kingdom of the sea as it does not allow to enter sun light and oxygen into the lower portion of sea.
5 (vii) Radioactive Pollution: Testing of bombs, waste materials of labs. etc. is continuously posing threat to human life causing skin cancer. Contaminations of radio particles in water may cause thyroid changes, blood abnormalities, damage of lungs and kidney. [9] CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION The sewage water after treatment can be recycled to generate electricity, fertilizers and fuel or to discharge into rivers, ponds, lakes etc. The toxic substances can be removed by use of barks of babul. The micro-organisms in waste water can be destroyed by using solar energy and suitable catalyst. Mercury can be removed by ion-exchange resin method. Water requirement should be minimized by suitable techniques involved. The semi-permeable membrane is being used at pressure higher than that of osmotic pressure in view of removing various salts and toxic substances. Bio-reactors are used to remove toxic industrial wastes, acids, alkalies and heavy metals from polluted water. [10] SOIL POLLUTION Liquid waste such as polluted water and solid wastes mixed with organic matter, sewage, plastics, glass, cloths, garbage, etc. pollute the soil. In addition, fly ash, industrial waste, fertilizers, iron &steel slag, pesticides, land filling by municipal waste and acid rain also contribute to soil pollution. The main sources of soil pollution are metallic pollutants, urban wastes, agricultural wastes, pesticides, detergents, chemical pollutants, industrial wastes, radioactive pollutants, etc. [11] CONTROL OF SOIL POLLUTION The garbage and dung can be converted into compost manure to increase crop production. Use of plastic bags should be banned. Acids and alkalies coming from respective plants should be stopped. Sewage should be treated properly before using as fertilizer and as landfills. Hazardous materials from industrial wastes can be removed prior to disposal. [12] CONCLUSIONS The environmental pollution has been created by man s infinite needs, excessive and unnecessary human population, diverse human activities, increased living standards, deforestation and unplanned exploitation of natural resources. In addition, automobiles and industries discharge pollutants into the environment to a greater extent. Prevention and control of environmental pollution can be managed by environmental awareness programme, among people, students and factories workers to about adverse effects of environmental pollution, proper utilization of natural resources, protection of forest by all means and to promote new plantation, control of overpopulation and pollution. 5
6 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL Environmental educational and training programme should be managed by Government of India. Search of new technologies to reduce environmental pollution should be encouraged. REFERENCES (1) [1] V. P. Kudesia, Environmental Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut , (2000), pp and (2) [2] V. P. Kudesia, Environmental Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut , (2000), pp
7 Author[s] brief Introduction- I have graduated in the discipline of Metallurgical Engineering from B.I.T., Sindri and M.Tech. from I.I.T.Kharagpur. Presently I am working as Assistant Professor in R.V.S. College of Engineering and Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. Corresponding Address- R.V.S. College of Engineering and Technology, R.V.S. Campus, Edalbera, Bhilai Pahari, N.H.33, Jamshedpur , Jharkhand Name- B.N.Choudhary Pin Mobile
6. What are the two main components of our environment? Answer. 7. Why are green plants called producers? Answer.
Question Bank Our Environment 1. (a) What is environmental pollution? (b) Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants. (c) Choose the biodegradable pollutants from the list given
More informationTEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS. Q.1. What are the different ways in which water gets contaminated?
18 POLLUTION OF AIR 18 AND WATER TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS Q.1. What are the different ways in which water gets contaminated? Ans. The different ways in which water gets contaminated are : (a)
More informationBIOLOGY: GLOBAL WARMING. 22. Q1.) What is global dimming? Why is it dangerous? (3)
BIOLOGY: GLOBAL WARMING 22. Q1.) What is global dimming? Why is it dangerous? (3) A1.) Air pollution increases the number of tiny solid particles in the air. The sulphur products from the burning of fossils
More informationNATURAL. Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 14 NATURAL RESOURCES Multiple Choice Questions 1. The atmosphere of the earth is heated by radiations which are mainly (a) radiated by the sun (b) re-radiated by land (c) re-radiated by water (d)
More informationENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CHEMICALS IPC NOTES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CHEMICALS IPC NOTES POLLUTION POLLUTION - WHEN HARMFUL SUBSTANCES CONTAMINATE THE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION REFERS TO THE VERY BAD CONDITION OF ENVIRONMENT IN TERMS OF BOTH QUANTITY
More informationINDIAN SCHOOL AL WADI AL KABIR DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE HANDOUT -POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER
INDIAN SCHOOL AL WADI AL KABIR DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE-2018-19 CLASS: VIII HANDOUT -POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER Air and water are two of the most important natural resources.both are necessary for the survival
More informationTOPIC-NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL RESOURCES
TOPIC-NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT: The physical, biological and social aspects of our surroundings in which we live is known as environment.the natural environment consists of things which have been
More informationMajor Air Pollutants
Major Air Pollutants 1 Particulate Matter Particulate refers to all substances that are not gases. It can be suspended droplets / solid particles / mixture of two. Size: 100 µm to 0.1 µm and less. Particulates
More informationENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ENVR-252 CHAPTER # 2
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ENVR-252 CHAPTER # 2 POLLUTION Pollution - addition of undesirable material into the environment as a result of human activities. The agents which cause environmental pollution
More informationHuman impact on the environment
1 of 36 Boardworks Ltd 2006 2 of 36 Boardworks Ltd 2006 Human impact on the environment 3 of 36 Boardworks Ltd 2006 How does human activity affect the environment? Population growth 4 of 36 Boardworks
More informationControl and Management. The Biosphere SG Biology
Control and Management The Biosphere SG Biology Learning Outcomes 1 State that pollution affects air, fresh water, sea and land. State that the main sources of pollution are domestic, agricultural and
More informationCLASS X BIOLOGY POLLUTION. Q2. Define pollutant. A pollutant is that substance which when added to an environment causes pollution.
CLASS X BIOLOGY POLLUTION Q1. Define pollution. The addition of constituents into air, water or land which deteriorates the natural quality of that environment and adversely affects the organisms living
More informationPollution of Air and Water
104 18 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS Pollution of Air and Water MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Air is a mixture of various gases. One of the gases is 21% part of the air and is essential for the survival of human beings.
More information11. Air and Water. The composition of air is as follows: The fractional distillation of liquid air. The process has 2 fundamental stages:
The composition of air is as follows: The fractional distillation of liquid air The process has 2 fundamental stages: 1. Air is cooled to a very low temperature so that most of its components liquefy.
More informationFoundation Course. Semester 3 THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Foundation Course Semester 3 THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION Atmosphere, water and soil are the most important components of environment in which we live. Atmospheric factors like rainfall, humidity,
More informationAir Pollution Types of air pollutants
Air Pollution Types of air pollutants 1.Carbon compounds (e.g., CO2,CO) 2.Sulphur compounds (e.g., SO2, H2S and H2SO4) 3.Nitrogen oxides (e.g., NO, NO2 and HNO3 ) 4.Ozone (e.g., O3) 5.Fluorocarbons 6.Hydrocarbons
More informationWater Pollution. Prof. Amitava Gangopadhyay Professor, Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering Jadavpur University
Water Pollution Prof. Amitava Gangopadhyay Professor, Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering Jadavpur University Water pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical
More informationENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-II
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-II MODULE I ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LECTURE 1 POLLUTION CONTENTS Introduction to Pollution Pollutants Sources of Pollution Effect of Pollution on the Environment Types of Environmental
More informationDownloaded from
Question 14.1: Define environmental chemistry. Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical and biochemical processes occurring in nature. It deals with the study of origin, transport, reaction, effects,
More informationVarious types of pollution exist depending on the kind of environment that is being affected. What is air pollution?
Pollution Introduction Pollution can be termed as the introduction of toxic substances that have a harmful result on the environment. Pollution occurs in various different forms and can be from different
More informationOverview of Chapter 21
21 Water Pollution Overview of Chapter 21 Types of Water Pollution Water Quality Today Municipal Agricultural Industrial Improving Water Quality Laws Controlling Water Pollution Types of Water Pollution
More informationGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DR. SIREEN ALKHALDI, BDS, DRPH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS, 2 ND YEAR, 2017/ 2018 MEDICAL SCHOOL, THE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN DEFINITION: ENVIRONMENT Environment is: The
More informationUNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. By: Dr. Priyanka Sharma Assistant Professor School of Engineering, G D Goenka University, India
UNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION By: Dr. Priyanka Sharma Assistant Professor School of Engineering, G D Goenka University, India ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Any physical, chemical or biological change in the
More informationAir Pollution. Asian Brown Cloud. Developed Countries have reduced emissions recently
Study Questions 1. Compare and contrast primary vs. secondary pollutants, giving examples of each. 2. Compare and contrast indoor vs. outdoor pollution, listing specific examples and sources of each. 3.
More informationChapter : 18) Environmental chemistry Question ID: 1817 Q 1. Correct Option: Hint : Explanation : Marks:1 Question ID: 1818 Q 2.
Chapter : 18) Environmental chemistry Question ID: 1817 Q 1.The green house effect is caused by A. CO B. NO C. NO 2 D. CO 2 Correct Option: D Question ID: 1818 Q 2.drained sewage has B.O.D. A. more than
More informationThe GHG Club. Water vapour
Trace gases in our atmosphere act like the glass in a greenhouse. These trace gases trap much of the heat from the sun close to earth at night. These gases are called Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and they help
More informationANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) proteins /amino acids 1. (b) nitrate will be used up eventually / will run out 1. (c) (i) (3 16) = 85 1
QUESTIONSHEET 1 (a) proteins /amino acids 1 (b) nitrate will be used up eventually / will run out 1 (c) (i) 23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85 1 (ii) 14 / 85 100 = 16.5 (16.47) 2 if incorrect, one mark is given for
More informationChapter 15 Our Environment Class-X Biology
Solved Questions What is environment? Chapter 15 Our Environment Class-X Biology The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide
More informationGreenhouse Effect. How we stay warm
Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm The Sun s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space) How much solar radiation reaches Earth? The Earth s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming
More informationPAPER No. 4: Environmental Chemistry MODULE No. 16: Soil Pollution: Plastics
Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Chemistry 4, Environmental Chemistry 16, Soil pollution: Plastics CHE_P4_M16 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Plastics
More informationALAGU JOTHI ACADEMY. (An International Standard CBSE Sr. Sec. School) BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK 10 OUR ENVIRONMENT
ALAGU JOTHI ACADEMY (An International Standard CBSE Sr. Sec. School) BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK 10 OUR ENVIRONMENT 1. (a) What is environmental pollution? (b) Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable
More informationAnnex 2: National Environmental Quality Standards (Extract from the Gazette of Pakistan applicable to STZ CETP)
Annex 2: National Environmental Quality Standards (Extract from the Gazette of Pakistan applicable to STZ CETP) 1290 THE GAZETTE OF PAKISTAN, EXTRA, AUGUST 10, 2000 [PART-II] (1) For Annex, I the following
More informationWater treatment. Why do we need to clean our water? Diseases carried by unclean water. Did you know? Did you know?
Schools Water treatment Pupils Why do we need to clean our water? The water we drink comes from different sources (see Water cycle sheets): rivers reservoirs aquifers (underground supplies) On its journey
More informationTopic 6 National Chemistry Summary Notes. Fuels. Fuels and Combustion
Topic 6 National Chemistry Summary Notes Fuels LI 1 Fuels and Combustion Coal, oil, gas and wood can all be used as fuels. These fuels have energy-rich chemical bonds which were created using the energy
More informationthe Environment the Atmosphere
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 People and the Environment Impacts on the Land Impacts on Water Chapter Wrap-Up Impacts on the Atmosphere How do human activities impact the environment?
More informationWater Pollution. And Humans are 70% Water! A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water I. Water and the Planet Earth
Water Pollution Water Pollution I. Water and the Planet Earth A. Facts 1. 71% of the Earth s surface is water. 3 0.5.003 2. Of the 100% of water on the planet, % is fresh water, % is available fresh water
More informationCHEMISTRY- AIR AND ATMOSPHERE CLASS VII
CHEMISTRY- AIR AND ATMOSPHERE CLASS VII Q1. Explain the following terms. 1. Catalyst: A catalyst is a chemical substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any chemical change
More informationSulfur oxides (SO x ) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO 2. SO 2 is produced by volcanoes and in various
AIR CANCER Sulfur oxides (SO x ) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO 2. SO 2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Coal and petroleum often
More informationChapter: Conserving Resources
Table of Contents Chapter: Conserving Resources Section 1: Resources Section 2: Pollution Section 3: The Three Rs of Conservation *Problems related to the use of Fossil Fuels Limited availability Pollution
More informationREVISED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)
REVISED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) Background PEPC in its first meeting held on 10 th May 1993 approved the NEQS. The approved NEQS were uniform standards applicable to all kind of
More informationExplain how human activities can impact chemical cycles. Explain how pollution can affect food chains.
Objectives Explain how human activities can impact chemical cycles. Explain how pollution can affect food chains. Key Terms deforestation greenhouse effect global warming eutrophication acid rain pollution
More informationOverview of Chapter 21
21 Water Pollution Overview of Chapter 21 Types of Water Pollution Water Quality Today Agricultural, Municipal, Industrial, Groundwater, Water pollution internationally Improving Water Quality Laws Controlling
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 13 Environmental Pollution Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College
More informationIndustrial Pollution Control and Environmental Audit
Industrial Pollution Control and Environmental Audit Sanjay Gupta Associate Professor ABES Engineering College Ghaziabad AN ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED COMPANY Vayu Education of India 2/25, Ansari Road, Darya
More informationWater Quality and Soils
Water Quality and Soils Fresh Water Fresh surface water, groundwater, soil water 0.8% total earth water What s in the Water? Dissolved organic and inorganic compounds Particulate organics and inorganics
More informationStep 1. Reason. Step 2. Reason. Explain why it is more difficult to produce drinking water from waste water than from water in lakes.
1 Water from a lake in the UK is used to produce drinking water. (a) What are the two main steps used to treat water from lakes? Give a reason for each step. Step 1 Reason Step 2 Reason (b) Explain why
More informationModule 12: Oceanography Topic 6 Content: Ocean Pollution Notes. Ocean Pollution
Ocean Pollution 1 Ocean pollution is an important modern-day environmental issue. Pollution occurs when chemical, physical, and/or biological agents are introduced into an environment and cause undesirable
More informationEarth and Space Contamination of the Atmosphere, Soil and Waterways
20. Contamination of the Atmosphere (1) Acidic Precipitation A. Why is "clean rain" still a bit acidic? B. So what is acidic precipitation? C. What atmospheric contaminants lead to the formation of acid
More informationPollution. Let s be part of the solution!
Pollution Let s be part of the solution! Pollution Making the environment s land, air, or water unsuitable for use by adding substances faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or
More informationForm 4 Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Form 4 Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem 1. Pollution: Any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the natural environment, brought about by human activities. 2. When
More informationWater Pollution Overview. Sewage dumping
Water Pollution Water Pollution Overview Sewage dumping Ocean Pollution Water Pollution Overview Urban Water Pollution Water Pollution Overview Water Pollution Overview Urban Runoff Water Pollution Overview
More informationDrinking Water Quality
Drinking Water Quality Introduction Water is essential to life as we know it. Humans are dependent on freshwater which makes up a very small percentage of the water on earth. Less than 1% of the water
More informationnatural resources energy resources fossil fuels pollution environment deposition Acid Rain sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide nitrogen oxides
Humans make use of many things found in nature. For example, we use trees to build our homes and cotton to make our clothes. Things that are not made by people, but instead occur naturally, are called
More informationOUR ENVIRONMENT VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
OUR ENVIRONMENT VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [1 Mark] 1. What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level? Answer. If we kill all the organisms in one trophic level, the following
More informationIntroduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Introduction An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community as well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact. The dynamics of an ecosystem involve two processes: energy flow
More informationEnvironmental Toxicology
The Science of Chemical Safety Essential Toxicology - 3 Environmental Toxicology John Duffus & Howard Worth IUPAC Educators Resource Material IUPAC 1 Environmental Toxicology Large exposures to chemicals
More informationWater Pollution. Objective: Name, describe, and cite examples of the eight major types of water pollution.
Water Pollution Objective: Name, describe, and cite examples of the eight major types of water pollution. Types of Water Pollution Water pollutants are divided into eight categories: 1. Sediment pollution
More informationChapter: Conserving Resources
Table of Contents Chapter: Conserving Resources Section 1: Resources Section 2: Pollution Section 3: The Three Rs of Conservation Chapter 19 Section 1- Natural Resources What are fossil fuels? *Fossil
More informationPollution Study Material
Pollution Definition: Pollution is when something is added to the environment harmful or poisonous to all living things. In other words, pollution means a sudden change in the environment due to emission
More information5. Local winds result from pressure differences between high and low pressure systems. They can be very intense.
Unit 5: Air Pollution Objectives: 1. Recognize that pollution affects the air, land, freshwater and the oceans. 2. Discuss the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the distribution of its gasses.
More informationOC22 Show that approximately one fifth of the air is oxygen; show that there is CO 2 and water vapour in air
Chemistry: 10. Air and Oxygen Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OC21 Understand that air is a mixture of gases, and state
More information1 Environmental Problems
CHAPTER 21 1 Environmental Problems SECTION Environmental Problems and Solutions BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is pollution? What are some
More informationBrain Wrinkles. Acid Rain in Germany, Air Pollution in the United Kingdom, & the Nuclear Disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine
Acid Rain in Germany, Air Pollution in the United Kingdom, & the Nuclear Disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine STANDARDS: SS6G8 Explain environmental issues in Europe. a. Explain the causes and effects of acid
More informationFABRICATION AND TESTING OF AUTOMOBILE POLLUTANTS ABSORBERS
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 5, May 217, pp. 3 35, Article ID: IJMET_8_5_32 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=5
More informationLESSON 3 OTHER LAND RESOURCES C H A P T E R 6, C O N S E R V I N G O U R R E S O U R C E S
LESSON 3 OTHER LAND RESOURCES C H A P T E R 6, C O N S E R V I N G O U R R E S O U R C E S OBJECTIVES Compare renewable and nonrenewable resources. Describe how human activities affect the environment.
More informationTHE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS. I love the smell of napalm in the morning smells like victory!
THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS I love the smell of napalm in the morning smells like victory! Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that can be produced during the combustion of a carbon-based fuel such as propane.
More informationEarth Systems and Interactions
CHAPTER The Earth System Earth Systems and Interactions What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree
More informationAcademic Year Second Term. Science Revision sheets
Academic Year 2016-2017 Second Term Science Revision sheets Name: Grade:8 Date: Section: (A) Science Practice : Q1: Choose the letter of the choice that best answer the questions: 1. Coal is a natural
More informationEQ: How are nutrients recycled throughout the environment?
EQ: How are nutrients recycled throughout the environment? Biogeochemical Cycles Recall that matter is neither created nor destroyed; but it can transform and be passed on. Biogeochemical cycles: how water,
More informationGE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit III Air Pollution. M. Subramanian
GE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit III Air Pollution M. Subramanian Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603
More informationChapter 13 The Earths Atmosphere
Chapter 3 The Earths Atmosphere Name: Class: Date: Time: 79 minutes Marks: 79 marks Comments: Page of 28 The bar chart shows some of the gases in the atmospheres of Earth today and Mars today. (b) Complete
More informationFOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION:
Science 30 Unit B Chemistry and the Environment Outcome 1: Students will analyze the sources of acids and bases and their effects on the environment. Specific Outcome 1.8: Outline the chemical reactions
More informationPOLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES Urgency of development of environment-friendly, cleaner system for road transport: A. Introduction: Pollution from motor vehicle is the single largest source of air pollution
More informationBiogeochemical Cycles
Biogeochemical Cycles Biogeochemical Cycles refers to the cycling of materials between living things and the environment. Text Pages 50 51, 62 69 1 The Oxygen Cycle the movement of oxygen between the atmosphere
More information6-2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Slide 1 of 42
6-2 Renewable and Nonrenewable 1 of 42 Classifying Classifying Environmental goods and services may be classified as either renewable or nonrenewable. Renewable resources can regenerate if they are alive,
More informationAtmospheric Chemistry Air Pollution
Atmospheric Chemistry Pontus Roldin Div. Nuclear Physics Dep. Physics Lund University Conflict between positive climate cooling effects and negative human health effects Are there good aerosol particles
More informationThe History of Air Pollution Air pollution is not a new phenomenon.
Name: April 14-18, 2014 Chapter 12, Air Section 1: What Causes Air Pollution? What Causes Air Pollution? is the contamination of the atmosphere by wastes from sources such as industrial burning and automobile
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN. Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science COMPOSITION OF AIR? COMPOSITION OF AIR? 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon and other noble gases 0.04% carbon dioxide Variable amounts of water
More informationImpacts and Pollution OUR INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT
EPA ACTIVITY WORKSHEET TEACHER PAGE 1 5 Impacts and Pollution OUR INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Goals of the module Environmental awareness and care is built on an understanding of the consequences of our
More informationCHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY
CHAPTER - 14 SOURCES OF ENERGY PREPARED BY NIKHIL V JONES 1) Characteristics of a good source of fuel :- i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. ii) It should be easily available.
More information5/6/2015. Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.
Biogeochemical Cycles/ Nutrient Cycles Biogeochemical Cycle Evaporation Water Cycle Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff Vocabulary Seepage Root Uptake Carbon Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Nitrogen
More informationChapter Using Resources Wisely: Soil, Freshwater, & Atmospheric Resources Key Questions: 1) Why is soil important and how do we protect it?
Chapter 6 6.2 Using Resources Wisely: Soil, Freshwater, & Atmospheric Resources Key Questions: 1) Why is soil important and how do we protect it? 2) What are the primary sources of water pollution? 3)
More informationSources of Energy acid rain Conventional non-conventional sources of energy Renewable non-renewable sources of energy Renewable sources
GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY 1. a good source of energy would be one large amount of work per unit volume or mass, easily accessible, (iii) easy to store and transport, and (iv) economical. 2. We can classify
More informationThe rest of this article describes four biogeochemical cycles: the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorous cycle.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES The chemical elements and water that are needed by living things keep recycling over and over on Earth. These cycles are called biogeochemical cycles. They pass back and forth through
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 3 rd Term Examination July, 2015
Grade 08 Angel International School - Manipay 3 rd Term Examination July, 2015 Chemistry Duration: 2 Hours Index No:- Part I Choose the correct answer and underline it. 1. Which of the following correctly
More informationhaving examined Legislative Decree No.21 of 1996 with respect to the Environment, as amended by Legislative Decree No. 8 of 1997,
MINISTERIAL ORDER NO.2 OF 2001 WITH RESPECT TO AMENDING CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF ORDER NO.10 OF 1999 WITH RESPECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS (AIR AND WATER) The Minister of Municipalities and Environmental
More informationMLA Header: coal oil natural gas burning of fossil fuels volcanoes photosynthesis respiration ocean sugar greenhouse decayed
MLA Header: s worksheet Please answer the following using the words in the text box. Carbon coal oil natural gas burning of fossil fuels volcanoes photosynthesis respiration ocean sugar greenhouse decayed
More informationLesson Overview. Cycles of Matter. Lesson Overview. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Lesson Overview 3.4 THINK ABOUT IT A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these elements and do not use them up, so where do essential
More informationStudy Session 7 Pollution: Types, Sources and Characteristics
Study Session 7 Pollution: Types, Sources and Characteristics Copyright 2016 The Open University Contents Introduction 3 Learning Outcomes for Study Session 7 3 7.1 What is pollution? 3 7.2 Physical nature
More informationCycles of Ma,er. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Lesson Overview Cycles of Ma,er Lesson Overview 3.4 Cycles of Matter THINK ABOUT IT A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these
More informationChapter 24 Lecture Outline
Chapter 24 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction
More information10/18/2010 THINK ABOUT IT CHAPTER 3 THE BIOSHPERE RECYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE RECYCLING IN THE BIOSPHERE
THINK ABOUT IT CHAPTER 3 THE BIOSHPERE 3.4 Mrs. Michaelsen A handful of elements combine to form the building blocks of all known organisms. Organisms cannot manufacture these elements and do not use them
More informationSCHEDULE I LIST I GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR THE DISCHARGE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS INTO INLAND SURFACE WATERS
SCHEDULE I LIST I GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR THE DISCHARGE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS INTO INLAND SURFACE WATERS UNIT TOLERANCE LIMIT NO. PARAMETER TYPE OF LIMIT VALUES 01 Total suspended solids mg/1,
More informationThe atmosphere. The atmosphere is layered. Inversions affect air quality 3/2/2015. The sun influences weather and climate
The atmosphere Chapter 13 Atmosphere Absorbs radiation and moderates climate Transports and recycles water and nutrients Human activity is now changing the amount of some gases CO 2, methane (CH 4 ), ozone
More informationThe water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface
Nitrogen and carbon cycles Water cycle The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface It is driven by radiation, convection and advection. It includes solid,
More informationLayers of the Atmosphere. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
Air Pollution Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Troposphere Composition Sea level 17km Composition 78% Nitrogen 20% Oxygen Other 2%... Water vapor Argon gas Carbon
More informationNational Standards of the People's Republic of China
BIR provides this translation into English for information only, please refer to the original and authoritative Chinese text LINK ICS 13.030 Z 70 National Standards of the People's Republic of China GB
More informationGlobal Environmental Issues
Global Environmental Issues Purpose of this material The environment encompasses the whole of life on earth and the complex interactions that link the living world with the physical world. In a general
More informationClass VIII CBSE Chemistry Study Notes for Combustion and Flame
Class VIII CBSE Chemistry Study Notes for Combustion and Flame Supratim Das.Chemquest.Durgapur Introduction People generally use wood, cowdung cakes, crop residues, kerosene oil, coke or LPG gas to cook
More informationLiving things in their environments
Introduction: This lesson will provide children the opportunity to develop a greater understanding of living things, personal health and the health of the environment. The children will be encouraged to
More information